APPLIED ELECTRICITY-I

GET 225

Chapter 3: Methods of Analysis

Course Instructor: Ahmad A. Galadima

1 11/22/2020
 Outline

1. Introduction
2. Source Conversion
3. Nodal Analysis
4. Mesh Analysis

2 11/22/2020
 1. Introduction

Having understood the fundamental laws of circuit

theory (Ohm’s law and Kirchhoff’s laws), we are
now prepared to apply these laws to develop two
powerful techniques for circuit analysis:
nodal analysis, which is based on a systematic
application of Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL),
and mesh analysis, which is based on a
systematic application of Kirchhoff’s voltage law
(KVL).

3 11/22/2020
 Introduction (Cont’d)

The two techniques are so important that this

chapter should be regarded as the most important
in the book.
With the two techniques to be developed in this
chapter, we can analyze any linear circuit by
obtaining a set of simultaneous equations that are
then solved to obtain the required values of
current or voltage.

4 11/22/2020
 2. Source Conversion

5 11/22/2020
6 11/22/2020
 3. Nodal Analysis

Nodal analysis provides a general procedure for analyzing circuits

using node voltages as the circuit variables.

In nodal analysis, we are interested in finding the node voltages.

Given a circuit with n nodes without voltage sources, the nodal

analysis of the circuit involves taking the following three steps.

7 11/22/2020
 Node Analysis (Cont’d)

Current flows from a higher potential to a

lower potential in a resistor.
At node 1,
applying KCL
gives

At node 2,

8 11/22/2020
 Node Analysis (Cont’d)

Then we substitute the currents i1, i2 & i3 into the

KCL equations

9 11/22/2020
Example 1

Write the nodal equations for the circuit of Figure

below:

10 11/22/2020
Example 2

Write the nodal equations for the circuit of Figure

below:

11 11/22/2020
Example 3

Write the nodal equations for the circuit of Figure

below:

12 11/22/2020
Example 4

Write the nodal equations for the circuit of Figure

below then find the voltage across the 3 ohm
resistor:

13 11/22/2020
Example 5

Write the nodal equations for the circuit of Figure

below:

14 11/22/2020
 4. Mesh Analysis

Mesh analysis provides another general procedure for

analyzing circuits, using mesh currents as the circuit
variables.

Using mesh currents instead of element currents as circuit

variables is convenient and reduces the number of equations
that must be solved simultaneously.

Nodal analysis applies KCL to find unknown voltages in a

given circuit, while mesh analysis applies KVL to find
unknown currents.

15 11/22/2020
 Mesh Analysis (Cont’d)

paths abefa and bcdeb are meshes, but path abcdefa is not a mesh. The current through a
mesh is known as mesh current. In mesh analysis, we are interested in applying KVL to
find the mesh currents in a given circuit.

16 11/22/2020
 Mesh Analysis (Cont’d)

17 11/22/2020
 Mesh Analysis (Cont’d)

The first step requires that mesh currents i1 and i2 are

assigned to meshes 1 and 2.
As the second step, we apply KVL to each
mesh. Applying KVL to mesh 1 & 2, we obtain

18 11/22/2020
Example 6

Find the branch currents I1, I2 and I3 using mesh

analysis.

19 11/22/2020
Example 7

Solve for the loop currents using mesh analysis.

20 11/22/2020
Example 8

Solve for the loop currents using mesh analysis.

21 11/22/2020
Example 9

Solve for the loop currents using mesh analysis.

22 11/22/2020
 Reference

Fundamentals of electric circuits / Charles K. Alexander, Matthew N.

O. Sadiku. — 4th ed.

23