Tl H ron) Lara Tn - Zi . ‘ ‘ Tice x 4 is ae \ principles and practice of engineering | Bie rae Wale | mechanical: HVAC.and REFRIGERATION sample questions + solutions‘Copyright ©2011 by NCEES®. All rights reserved. All NCES sample questions and solutions are copyrighted under the laws of the Urited States. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means without the prior wntten permission of NCEES, Requests for permissions should be addressed in writing to permissions@ncees.org, NCEES PO Box 1686 ‘Clemson, SC 29633, 800-250-3196, ‘www.ncees.org ISBN 978-1-932613-57-5 Printed in the United States of America November 2010 Fist printing ‘Ape 2013 Second printingCONTENTS Introduction to NCEES Exams .... ‘About NCEES Updates on exam content and procedures Exam-day schedule Admission to the exam site Candidate Agreement Scoring and reporting Exam Specifications. Sample Questions and Solutions Morning Sample Questions. Afternoon Sample Questions. Morning Solutions. . 53 Afternoon Solutions ....... Psychrometric Chart iiiNCEES Principles and Practice of Engineering Examination MECHANICAL BREADTH and HVAC and REFRIGERATION Depth Exam Specifications Effective Beginning with the October 2008 Examinations ‘The mechanical engineering examination is a breadth and depth examination. This means that examinees work the breadth (AM) exam and one of the three depth (PM) exams. The AM questions are the same for all Mechanical PM modules; that is, regardless of the PM module an examinee chooses, the AM questions will be the same in each exam. The three areas covered in the mechanical engineering examination are HVAC and Refrigeration; Mechanical Systems and Materials; and Thermal and Fluids Systems. The breadth exam contains questions from these three areas of mechanical engineering. The depth exams focus more closely on a single area of practice in mechanical engineering. Examinees work all questions in the morning session and all questions in the afternoon module they have chosen. Depth results are combined with breadth results for final score. ‘The exam is an 8-hour open-book exam. It contains 40 multiple-choice questions in the 4-hour AM session, and 40 multiple-choice questions in the 4-hour PM session. Questions in Sections I-IV of the breadth module will be in either USCS or SI units. Questions in Section V of the breadth module will be in USCS units. Questions in the depth module will be in USCS units. ‘The exam is developed with questions that will require a variety of approaches and methodologies including design, analysis, and application. Some questions may require knowledge of engineering economics. ‘The knowledge areas specified as examples of kinds of knowledge are not exclusive or exhaustive categories. ‘The specificaticns for the AM exam and the HVAC and Refrigeration PM exam are included here.MECHANICAL BREADTH Exam Specifications Basic Engineering Practice ‘A. Basic Engineering Practice Engineering terms and symbols Economic analysis Project management Interpretation of technical drawings Electrical concepts Units and conversions Mechanical Systems and Mater A. Principles 1. Statics and dynamics 2. Strength of materials 3. Stress analysis 4, Fatigue theory B. Applications 1. Mechanical components (e-g., springs, gears, pressure vessels) 2. Joints and fasteners (e.g., welding, bolts, adhesives) 3. Vibration/dynamic analysis 4. Materials selection (e.g,, corrosion, weight, strength) Hydraulics and Fluids A. Principles 1, Compressible flow 2. Incompressible flow B. Applications 1. Hydraulic and fluid equipment (¢.g., pumps, turbines, compressors) 2. Piping systems and components Energy/Power Systems ‘A. Principles ‘Thermodynamic cycles ‘Thermodynamic properties Energy balances Mass balances Heat transfer Combustion B. Applications 1. Power conversion systems 2. Energy/power equipment (e.g., turbines, boilers, engines) 3. Heat exchangers HVACIRefrigeration ‘A. Principles 1. Psychrometries 2. Refrigeration cycles 3. Heat transfer B. Applications 1. HVACirefrigeration systems 2. HVACirefrigeration components (¢.g., air handlers, compressors) 3. Heating/cooling loads ayaeye Approximate Percentage of AM Exam 30% 30% 20% 13% M% 17% ™% 10% 18% % 8% 18% 10% 8%MECHANICAL-HVAC and REFRIGERATION Depth Exam Specifications ‘Approximate Percentage of PM Exam Principles 55% A. Thermodynamics % 1. Cycles 2. Properties 3. Compression processes B. Psychrometrics 15% 1. Heating/cooling cycles 2. Humidification/dehumidification 3. Heating/cooling loads C, Heat Transfer 13% D. Fluid Mechanics % E. Compressible Flow 3% F. Energy Balances 10% Applications 45% A. Equipment and Components 20% 1. Cooling towers and fluid coolers (e.g... configurations, conditions, flow rates) 2. Boilers and furnaces (e.g., configurations, efficiencies, fuel types) 3. Condensers (e.g., configurations, conditions, flow rates) 4. Pumps/compressors/fans (e.g., laws, efficiency, selection) 5. Evaporators/chillers (e.g., configurations, conditions, flow rates) 6. Cooling/heating coils (e.g., configurations, conditions, flow rates) 7. Control systems components (c.g., valves, dampers) 8. Refrigerants (e.g., properties, types) 9. Refrigeration components (e.g., expansion valves, accumulators) B. Systems 18% 1. Air distribution (¢.g., duct design, system type, terminal devices) 2. Fluid distribution (e.g., hydronic, oil and/or gas distribution design, system type, steam distribution) 3. Refrigeration (e.g., food storage, cooling and freezing) 4. Energy recovery (e.g., enthalpy wheels, heat pipes, run-around systems) C. Supportive Knowledges % 1. Codes and standards (e.g., ASHRAE, NFPA) 2. Air quality and ventilation (e.g., filtration, dilution) 3. Vibration control (e.g., transmission effect, isolation) 4. Acoustics («.., sound control, absorption, attenuators, noise level criteria) 5. Economic analysis 6. Electrical concepts (e.g., power consumption, motor ratings, heat output, amperage)MECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS A psychrometric chart (normal temperature at sea level) is provided on page 83 for your possible use. Unless stated otherwise, assume sea level conditions.MECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 101. Poisson's ratio is a term that arises in: (A) heat transfer (B) HVAC (C) mechanical behavior (D) vapor power eycles 102. Which of the following is used as a measure of energy efficiency of refrigeration systems? (A) COP (B) Hydraulic head (©) Latent heat (DP) SHR 103. A system with an initial cost of $90,000 has an operating cost of $2.50/hr and is operated 16 hr/day for 300 days/year. After 10 years, the system has a salvage value of $10,000. ‘Assuming the interest rate is constant at 10%, the total annualized cost over the 10-year life is most nearly: (A) $12,000 (B) $14,000 (C) $20,000 (D) $26,000 104. You manage a manufacturing production department that operates 80 hr/week. The process has a production rate of 60 units/hr, with a scrap rate of 1 out of 120 units. With a 10% lost production time allowance, the number of good units that can be made per week is most nearly: (A) 4,284 (B) 4320 (C) 4,760 (D) 4,800 Copyright 2011 by NCEES: 10 GOON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 105. A project consists of assembling a system using parts from Source X and Source Y. oti Duration Task Description __| Follows Task | Gays) ‘A __ | Procure parts from Source X None 2 B__ | Procure parts from Source Y A 2 C__ | Delivery of parts from Source X B 7 D__ | Delivery of parts from Source Y A u E__ | Assemble parts and complete project Cand D 2 If the manufacturing of parts from Source X is delayed by 3 days, now requiring 10 days to obtain those parts, the total completion delay (days) will be most nearly: (A) 0 @B) 1 © 2 (D) 3 106. A commercial product is sold in 55-gal drums. It is made up primarily of inert ingredients, to which an active ingredient is added. The active ingredient can be purchased in two different formulations as shown. i ‘Active Ingredient Formulation | Cost/lb (units/tb) 1 $8 100 2 $10 200 The amount of Formulation 1 used per drum cannot exceed 3 Ib, and the amount of Formulation 2 used per drum cannot exceed 2 Ib. The total cost for the active ingredient cannot exceed $36/drum. The largest number of units of active ingredient that can be added per drum under these constraints is most nearly: (A) 400 (B) 540 ©) 600 () 700 ‘Copyright 2011 by NCEES u GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 107. A machining operation creates a hole for a 3/8-16NC * 0.75-in.-long countersunk hex head screw, ‘as shown in Figure 1. A cutter is used to create the countersunk recess as shown in Figure 2. The process steps are as follows: 1, Drill through with a tap drill diameter of 5/16 in. 2. Countersink the tap drill hole to a depth of Dimension A, so that the screw head will be flush with the part surface. 3. Tap the hole 3/8-16NC. To complete Step 2, the necessary depth (in.) for Dimension A is most nearly: (A) 0.202 (B) 0232 (© 0234

) £m ( O Je SIMhhill NO _/ \ \ Kw ye ain FIGURE 1 Copyright 2011 by NCEES 2 G0 ONTO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 108. The minimum distance between the surfaces of Holes A and B is most nearly: 109. 110. a) (B) (C) (D) 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 2 +£0.05 Lise pitts ——— «xo08-09 2 A 40.05 I 8 F + py 12 20.05 Ic ID as iL Given the de electrical circuit shown, which of the following statements is true? “ (B) © @) Vy + V2= IR) + IR2 MM Ri+Ry 3 Equivalent resistance for the loop, Re = Ri + Ra + R3 ] Ly, A.230-Vems, single-phase, 10-hp motor operates at 80% power factor and its rated load. If the efficiency of the motor is 65%, the current (amperes) drawn is most nearly: (A) (B) (©) () 12 17 40 62 Copyright 2041 by NCEES 13 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS ILL. Water flows over Niagara Falls at an average rate of 4,000,000 cfm and drops 170 ft to the base of the falls. The rate of change of gravitational potential energy (MW) is most nearly: (A) 400 (B) 700 (©) 1,000 (D) 57,000 112. Fracture toughness of a material is measured in units of ksiVin. in the English system of units. A material with a fracture toughness of 35ksivin. will have a fracture toughness in units of MPa that is most nearly: ) 1 (@) 6 © 2 ©) 38 113. A 1/2-in.-diameter pipe hanger rod is loaded in tension with a 2,300-Ib force. If the rod is 6 in. long and is made of Material A, the total elongation (in.) it will experience is most nearly: (A) 0.0004 (B) 0.002 (C) 0.005 () 0.01 STRESS, 6 ips!) 009 0.104 STRAIN, & 0.016 (inuin.) MATERIALA ‘Copyright 2011 by NCEES 14 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE114, 115. 116. MECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS A cylindrical pressure vessel with hemispherical end caps is unrestrained. The diameter is | m, the wall thickness is 1 em, and the internal gage pressure is 3 MPa. If the tensile yield strength Syr is 450 MPa and the von Mises failure criterion is used, then the factor of safety (Syreftective) is most nearly: (A) 15 (B) 17 (© 30 (D) 35 A cord is wrapped halfway around a 2-in.-O.D. pipe as shown. The coefficient of friction (dynamic and static) between the cord and pipe is = 0.35. A box with a weight of 50 Ib is suspended from one end of the cord and a force P applied to the other end. The minimum force, P (Ib), required to raise the 50-Ib box is most nearly: (A) 167 Zc @) 50.0 © 85.0 C (D) 150.0 | P ag ng END VIEW SIDE VIEW A linear spring-mass system consisting of a spring with a spring constant of 20 Ibffin. and a mass of 10 Ibm undergoes free vibration. The linear frequency (cycles/sec) of this vibration is most nearly: (A) 0.78 (B) 13 © 44 ©) 28 Copyright 2011 by NCEES 15 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 117. Material compatibility concerns require that a steel spring made from wire with a shear modulus of 11 x 10° psi be redesigned. Brass with a shear modulus of 5.5 x 106 psi will be used instead. ‘The steel wire has a diameter of 0.15 in. The spring diameter and the number of turns must be the same for the steel and brass springs. If the spring constant of the brass spring is to be the same as that of the steel spring, the diameter (in.) of the brass wire must be most nearly: (A) 0.12 (B) 01s (©) 018 (D) 030 118. A metal is needed consisting of nearly equal amounts of pearlite and ferrite when cooled at a slow rate from 1,800°F to room temperature. The metal that best meets this need is: (A) Class 40 grey cast iron (B) AISI 304 (©) Alsi 1040 (D) AISI 1095 IRON-CARBON PHASE DIAGRAM 2,800 2086 --- = - > TEMPERATURE °F \ ! 1410 |} PEARLITE | PEARLITE | AND, ‘AND | FERRITE |CEMENTITE, 0.80 20 PERCENT CARBON BY WEIGHT [+ STEEL ——-+J+- CAST IRON» Copyright 2011 by NCEES 16 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 119. Which of the following factors is least likely to affect the fatigue life of a steel spring? (a) (B) (©) (D) Alternating stresses Cycle period Primary stresses Surface roughness 120. The 2,500-Ibf load shown in the figure is supported by a beam that is secured by six 3/4-in.~ diameter bolts in a hexagonal array with neighboring bolts 3 in. apart. The shear stress is greatest in which bolt? (A) @) © @) BURA 2,800 Ibt ‘Copyright 2011 by NCEES 7 G0 ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 121. The Mach number just upstream of a normal shock wave in air (k= 1.4) is 4.5. The Mach number 122. 123. downstream of the normal shock wave is most nearly: (A) 0.42 (B) 1.00 (©) 2.00 ) 4.50 The figure below shows water that flows in from two pipes and exits from another pipe. The velocity of flow (fps) in the 12-in-I.D. pipe is most nearly: (A) 19 (B) 24 © 31 (D) Cannot be determined from information given 1.D.= 12in. _ vin ae ‘A fluid with a specific gravity of 0.8 and a kinematic viscosity of 1.5 centistokes (1 centistoke = 1.0764 = 10° ft/sec) flows through a 4-in.-I.D. hose at 5 fps. The Reynolds number for this flow is most nearly: (Ay 12 10° (B) 1.0 108 (Cc) 1.0% 10° () 8310" Copyright 2011 by NCES: 1 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 124. A centrifugal pump operating at 1,750 rpm consumes 1,000 hp. If the speed of the pump is reduced to 1,000 rpm, the power consumption (kW) will be most nearly: (A) 426 (B) 243 (©) 187 (D) 139 125. A centrifugal pump is sized to deliver 200 gpm of water at 60°F against a head of 60 ft of water. Itis operating at 1,750 rpm. The pump efficiency is 0.75, and the motor efficiency is 0.83. If the electricity cost is $0.06/kWh, the electrical cost to operate the pump 8,000 hr/yr is most nearly: (A) $984 (B) $1,086 (C) $1,200 (D) $1,750 126. Water at 60°F flows through a 1-in brass pipe (1.063 in. LD.) at 5 fps. The Moody friction factor is 0.025. The pressure drop (psi) over a 100-ft length of this pipe is most nearly: (A) 0.40 @) 48 © 2B () 150 Copyright 2011 by NCEES 19 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE127. 128. 129. MECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS ‘Twenty gpm of 60°F water enters the parallel piping system shown in the figure. Branch caress of Sch, 40 I-in, steel pipe with an equivalent length of 80 ft. Branch B consists of 100 ft ef'sch. 40 1in. steel pipe, four 90° elbows with equivalent lengths of 5.2 fl each, and a globe Valve with an equivalent length of 29 ft. The flow rate (gpm) through Branch B is most nearly: (A) 7 ® 8 sin Steel PPE mi © 1 eolttigun LENGTH L | - C / sravcns | (too (Lo _ © | | tin son 40 STEEL PIPE — 90" ELBOW GLOBE VALVE 5.2 REQUIV. 2OREQUV. —_LENGTH(TYP) LENGTH ‘A Camot cycle operates between 400°F and 250°F. The maximum theoretical efficiency of the cycle is most nearly: (A) 0.17 @) 021 (C) 0.38 (D) 0.60 Water (100 Ibm/min, 60°F) and steam (100 Ibm/min, 600°F), both at atmospheric pressure, enter an insulated chamber through separate inlets. After thorough mixing, 200 Ibm/min of the product is withdrawn at atmospheric pressure. The quality of the steam in the product stream is most nearly: (A) 0.12 (B) 0.43 © 0.52 ©) 0.60 Copyright 2011 by NCEES 20 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 130. The expression for the sensitivity of a pressure thermometer (change in pressure per unit change in temperature of an ideal gas) is: “ ~ @ & oO ©) = 131. Consider the following stoichiometric reaction: CoHyg + 13.5 Op + 50.76 Nz > 9 CO2 + 9 HzO + 50.76 Na ‘The mass fraction of water in the flue gas is most nearly: (A) 5.8% ®) 82% © 10.7% @) 13.1% 132, Steam (600°F, 300 psia) is expanded in an 80% adiabatic efficiency turbine to 3 psia. The enthalpy (Btu/lbm) of the resulting 3-psia steam is most nearly: (A) 880 (B) 970 (© 1,040 ©) 1,120 Copyright 2011 by NCEES 21 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 133. The cooling medium in a counterflow heat exchanger increases in temperature from 60°F to 110°F, while the process solution being cooled decreases from 150°F to 130°F. The logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) for this counterflow heat exchanger is most nearly: (A) 33°F (B) 47°F (54°F (D) 70°F 134. Based on the psychrometric chart provided on page 83, sea level air at a dry-bulb temperature of 95°F and 25% rh has a dew point of most nearly: (A) 38°F (B) 54°F (©) 68°F (D) 82°F 135. The partial pressure (psi) of water in sea level air at 80°F and 60% th is most nearly: (A) 0.0135 (B) 0.30 (©) 035 (D) 0.50 136. An automotive air-conditioning system based on R-134a operates between 250 psia and 40 psia. A pressure-enthalpy diagram for R-134a is presented on the opposite page. If 250-psia saturated liquid R-134a is throttled to 40 psia, the change [Btu/(Ibm-°R)] in entropy (Srna. ~ Snaiat) will be most nearly: (A) 0.07 ®) 0.01 (© ol @) 015 Copyright 2011 by NCEES 2 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 136. (Continued) 20.16 2005 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals ENTHALPY, Btu/lb Fig 8 Pressure Entalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 1340 g G88 8 g g886 @ Fey wed ‘SuNSSaud | 2008 ASHRAE Handbook Fandoment ? ft, 20 16 Fis 8 © Areca See fea, Refnigeraung, nd Ai-Condtioung Engineers, nc, www ashrac 8, Copyright 2011 by NCEES 23 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEMECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS 137. An expansion valve would be used in which leg of the refrigeration cycle shown in the figure? (A) AB ®) BC «© cD (D) DA o 0 » ® ® # 2 200. - Smell sooo || [SUVA] S 1000 mn. HFC-134a ee 600. os (| 0. eveneERNGUNTS ft 00. 4 4 oy] ao m0. PRESSURE (ps) a ENTHALPY (But) From DuPont Refrigerants Copyright 2011 by NCEES: 24 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE138. 139. 140. MECHANICAL MORNING SAMPLE QUESTIONS ‘A room contains equipment that consumes 3,000 W of power. In addition, 5 Ibm/hr of water vapor is released into the room. The resulting cooling load (Btu/hr) is most nearly: (A) 3.000 (B) 4,500 (C) 10,000 (D) 15,000 A refrigeration system with a capacity of 1 reftigeration ton has a compressor work of 1 kW. ‘The coefficient of performance of the system is most nearly: (a) 03 8 1 © 35 ) 12 A counterflow heat exchanger with a surface area of 20 ft? condenses saturated H-134a vapor at 250 psia (T = 140°F, h = 120 Btu/lbm) to saturated liquid at 250 psia (h = 60 Btu/lbm). The inlet temperature of the cooling water is 60°F, and the outlet temperature of the cooling water is 75°F. The overall heat-transfer coefficient for the heat exchanger is 8 Btw/(hr-ft”-°F). The rate (Ibm/hr) at which the H-134a is condensed is most nearly: (A) 20 @) 40 © 100 @) 200 This completes the morning session. Solutions begin on page 53. Copyright 2011 by NCEES 25HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS A psychrometric chart (normal temperature at sea level) is provided on page 83 for your possible use. Unl stated otherwise, assume sea level cond 27HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 501. An ammonia (R-717) refrigerant brine chiller with a flooded evaporator is shown below. Properties of saturated ammonia are presented on page 29, and a pressure-enthalpy diagram for ammonia appears on page 30. Assuming no pressure loss through components, the coefficient of performance (COP) of the system shown, with a refrigerant flow rate of 22 Ib/min, is most nearly: (A) 3.0 (@) 32 © 39 @) 41 - SURGE |_____ soar [Oe gt DRUM Oe | | Iseparator’ "| {4 | ; re] grey | 20°F BRINE OUT + 38.5 psia_| | DISCHARGE . | BRINE COOLER | | | QMuTH 20°F | | PRESSURE | 25°F BRINE IN > 1 | superar) |" 229 psia ed | & | ——— | | NOTE: Refrigerant entering the compressor | COMPRESSOR is superheated from external sources. | { 1 95°F WATER OUT [covoensen = | — 85°F WATER IN to ( RECEIVER ) ‘Copyright 2011 by NCEES: 28 (GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS. 501. (Continued) PROPERTIES OF SATURATED AMMONIA Speciie Volume (fb, Enthatpy Btufby, Entropy Bulb R ts. Pres, | sat sa | sae sat. sat, Temp. | thyia® | Liquid | evap. | vapor | riquia | evap. Liquid | Evap. | Vapor r ? % '* * hy he 5 te |e ~60 | 335 foons|ax707 [avs [212 | eins | 309.6] 005i? | sane] Tate 38 | 651 }oomo | 337 | 3838 | aso | ors | sone J -oosss | 13017 | La0st 50 | 167 | 00230 | 3307 | 3308 | 106 | oos3 | 5037 | “o02se | 47s | 14497 -1s | 495 foozs1 | 28507 | 2862 | 53 | 6009 | sos6 | oor | tases | tases 10 | 1041 | oor22 | 2837 | 2486 ° 3976 | 5076 | 0.000 | raza | rane -33 | 120s J 00x33 | 21.657 | 21.68 53 | 3942 | 5095 | aoizs | 13994 | 14120 30 | 1390 0023s | i947 | 1897 | 107 | 3907 | ors } o0250 | 13781 | ta00r 25 | 1598 ooz6 | 16636 | 1666 160 | $872 | 6032 | oosre | 13si2 | 13886 20 | 1830 Jooz7 | 1465s | 468 | 21a | 3836 | soso | ooas7 | iszr7 | 13904 -15 | 2088 Yooms: | 2946 | 1297 | 267 | sso | 6067 | oss | 13084 | 13664 10 | 2374 | o2393 | uae | vse J 321 | srs | oss | oorss | 12820 | 135s S| 2692 | 0.02106 | 10205 | 1023 | 373 | sx6 | e1or | oss | 12507 | 134s o | 3092 Joos | 902 | tie | 429 | soso | sins | 00995 | 12377 | 13352 5 | siz7 Joorsr | sr2sr | siso | ass | soso | 6133 | o.oo | 12161 | 13285, wo | 3851 | ooo | 72795 | 7300 | sas | soir | 6149 | otz0s | rio | 13137 is | 431s J oor | sss | ose | 502 | ssra | ore | ots23 | 111939 | 13062 20 | 4821 | oozss | ssasz | soi0 | 617 | 5531 | size | o1as7 | 11532 | 12969 25 | 5373 | oozass | S301 | S334 | m2 | s4s9 | 69a | onssi | 11328 | 12870 x0 | 3974 | 002503 | 48000 | 4825 | 257 | sisa | 6205 | ots | itr | 12190 35 | 6626 | ooasis | 43478 | 437s | a2 | sis | oor | aims | 10929 | 12101 40 | 7332 foosss | 301s7 | 397 | sos | 5362 | 6230 | o1sss | 1073 | 12618 45 | 8096 foorsis | 358s | 3614 ] 923 | sara | 241 | o1996 | 1os30 | 12835 so | 8919 | 002s | 32684 | 320 | oro | 5273 | 6252 | o2mos | roses | 12483 ss | 9806 | oorssr | 29822 | 3008 | 1oss | 5228 | 6263 | 02214 | 10139 | 1237 60 | 176 | o2se7 | 2750 | 2751 | 1092 | sisr | 6273 | 02322 | 09972 | 12004 | 178 Joors | 24939 | 2520 | nes | ssa | 282 | 0280 | 09786 | 12216 7 | 1288 Joorss2 | 22887 | 2312 | ros | sors | 6291 | 02537 | 09603 | 12140 75 | 10s foc26s0 | 20085 | 2125 | 1262 | 5037 | e299 | 02683 | 09422 | 12065 w | 1330 [oor | 19283 | 195s | 1320 | 4987 | 6307 | o2m9 | oor | rise. a | 1654 foo. | a7 | 1801 | ura | 4936 | oa14 | 02854 | 09004 | riot 5 | 1806 00207 | 16339 | 1661 | uss | sess | 6320 | 02058 | ossss | 11846 9s | 1958 | oor | 13067 | 1531 | wos | 4832 | 6326 | 03062 | oans | Lins 10 | 219 J oo277 | 130s | sao | iss2 | 477s | 6330 | 03165 | o8sso | 1.1705 wos | 2289 oor | 12853 | 1313 | ia | 43 | 6334 | 03269 | 0.8366 | 11635 uo | 2470 00270 | rior | 1217 | 6x0 | 4667 | 6337 | 03372 | oie | 11566 us] 2662 |}oo2s1s | 10599 | 1128 | iso | 409 | 6339 | oer | ogoas | 1407 120 | 2864 | 0.02836 | 101s | 1087 | 1790 | 4550 | 6340 | o3sr6 | oss | 11427 125 | 3078 J oor | osu | 097s | 1251 | s489 | 6340 | 03679 | 07670 | 11358 "Reprinted by permission from National Bureau of Standards Circular No. 142, Tables of Thermodynamic Properties of ammonia Copyright 2011 by NCEES 29 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 501. (Continued) 2034 2005 ASHR.AE Handbook —Fundamentals 3 g Fig. 16. Pressure-Enthalpy Diagram fr Refrigerant 77 (Ammonia) -100 gg #886 @ S882 @ Fees Se se eisd ‘auNSSaud 2003 ASHRAE Hamdbook-Findamentls, |? edn, p-2034, Figure 16,© American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, nd Ai-Conditioning Engineers, In, ww ashe org Copyright 2011 by NCEES 30 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 502. An ammonia (R-717) refrigerant brine chiller with a flooded evaporator is shown below. Properties of saturated ammonia are presented on page 29, and a pressure-enthalpy diagram for ammonia appears on page 30. Assuming no pressure loss through components, the specific volume (ft'/Ib) of the refrigerant at the compressor suction is most nearly: (A) 140 (B) 124 (©) 100 (D) 78 faaer| {on faaer| owe 1m | SEPARATOR] SUCTION 20°F BRINE OUT are coats | 38.5 psia loscunee . WITH 20°F | | PRESSURE 25°F BRINE IN ———>| SUPERHEAT | 228 pia = \ L— O COMPRESSOR NOTE: Refrigerant entering the compressor =! is superheated from external sources. IScxoeneg|—™ 95°F WATER OUT Le — ese WATERIN L = —_/ Copyright 2011 by NCES. 31 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE——____— HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 503. A reftigeration unit is operating between the temperature limits of 104°F condensing and 10°F evaporation. The load on the system is 5 tons. Assume the reftigerant vapor is dry and saturated suhen leaving the evaporator and that compression is isentropic. The refrigerant used is ammonia (R-717). Using the pressure-enthalpy diagram below, the work done during compression (Brw/b) is most nearly: (A) 575 (B) 130 © 85 () 40 2005 ASHRAE Handbook—Fundamentals 20.34 PRESSURE, psia ENTHALPY, Btu searonoenien Fig 16 Preamp Dlg for Refigrat 717 (Ammons) (2005 ASHIRAE Hambook Fundamentals, P edition, 20.4, Figure 16, © Americas Sucity of Heung, ‘Refageratin, and Air Conditioning Bagines, Ine, wor ahroe ors, Copyright 2011 by NCEES 32 (GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 504. A psychrometric chart is provided on page 83 for your possible use in answering this question. An air-handling unit coil with chilled water entering at 50°F is shown in the figure. The unit serves one room of a factory where product with a large moisture release is being produced, Face and bypass control is used to maintain the room air at 80°F db and 50% th. The chilled-water coil cools the air to 58°F db/56°F wb leaving the coil. Under all conditions, 20,000 cfm of supply air is delivered to the room, and 5,000 cfin of outside air is used for ventilation. The bypass damper is closed at maximum load when the outside air is 90°F db/74°F wb. At the maximum load conditions, the total refrigeration load (tons), neglecting duct losses, is most nearly: (A) 45 (B) 58 () 67 (D) 85 OUTSIDE —§,000chm ——_-RETURNAIR EXFILTRATION VENTILATION, AR CHILLED BYPASS. warer con | ZAZNI pauper | "OM wr 4 CHILLEDWATER: : 1 y__SUPPLYAIR 20,000 cfm ‘Copyright 2014 by NCEES 33 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE——_—_— HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 505. A psychrometric chart is provided on page 83 for your possible use in answering this question. ‘Air flowing at a rate of 4.800 ofin, and initially at 80°F db/67°F wb, is passed through a spray of lithium chloride and water solution that has stabilized at 100°F. Assume 2 0.05 bypass factor for the spray chamber, and assume zero incidental gains or losses. The leaving-air db temperature is most nearly: (A) 87°F (B) 90°F (C) 94°F (D) 99°F AVAILABLE WATER TEMPERATURE °F 140 130 10 110 100 80 INLET AIR, GRAINS MOISTURE PER POUND DRY AIR. exsaegee OUTLET AIR, GRAINS MOISTURE PER POUND ORY AIR Performance Data for Liquid-Absorbent Dehumidifier Using Lithium Chloride Copyright 2011 by NCEES 34 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE| 506. 507. 508. HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS A psychrometric chart is provided on page 83 for your possible use in answering this question. ‘A room ina building has the following characteristics: Sensible heat gain = 90,000 Btu/hr Latent heat gai 40.000 Btu/hr Supply air to the room = 3,600 cfm @ 55°F db The room is kept at 78°F db/45% rh. Outdoor air conditions are 92°F db/76°F wb. Outdoor air ventilation for the room is 700 cfm. The cooling coil entering-air temperature and leaving-air temperature, respectively, are most nearly: (A) 78.0°F db/63.5°F wb; 55.0°F db/47.3°F wb (B) —80.7°F db/66.2°F wb; 55.0°F db/S1.1°F wb (©) 89.2°F db/73.9°F wb; 55.0°F db/53.2°F wb (D) _ 92.0°F db/76.0°F wb; 55.0°F db/54.1°F wb Air flowing, at 15,000 efin enters a cooling coil at 77°F db/55% rh and exits at 55°F db/$1°F wb. Outside conditions are 95°F db/78°F wb at sea level. At constant operation, the amount of condensate removed (gal/hr) is most nearly: (A) 133 (B) 315 © 364 @) 50.2 In a refrigerated warehouse kept at 35°F, ten workers are employed using five 10-hp forklifts with full-load motor efficiency of 85%. The maximum heat gain (Btu/hr) from the workers and the forklifts is most nearly: (A) 158,000 (B) 154,000 (©) 131,000 (D) 102,000 ‘Copyright 2011 by NCEES 35 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 509. A building has the following characteristics: Construction: Exterior wall: U= 0.075 Btuhr- Roof: — U=0.05 Btw/hr-ft- 2oR Window: U = 1.1 Bawhr-f--°F CLTD (Cooling Load Temperature Difference): North South West East. A: Wall 26 46 nR 55 B: Roof = 74 SHGF (Solar Heat Gain Factor): North South West East A: Glass 47 1 215 215 CLF=1 The total heat gain (Btu/hr) through the windows for Room A is most nearly: (A) 2,500 (B) 10,000 (C) 18,000 (D) — 22,000 TYPICAL — WINDOW ROOMB NOT TO SCALE (INSIDE TEMPERATURE = 75°F/50% th) (OUTSIDE TEMPERATURE = 95°F/72% wh) Copyright 2011 by NCEES: 36 ‘GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 510. The system shown has an enthalpy wheel that is 80% effective in both sensible and latent. The cooling coil has a capacity of 17.1 tons with a sensible heat ratio of 0.70. The dry bulb temperature of the tempered air (T/A) leaving the wheel is most nearly: (A) 75.9°F (B) 79.0°F (©) 85.0°F (D) 91.0°F AIR HANDLER WITH 5 ENTHALPY WHEEL + SGOUNG COLL RA LECEND a — etm OIA= OUTSIDE AIR M/A = MIXED AIR ” EJA= EXHAUST AIR SIA= SUPPLY AIR TIA TEMPERED AIR RIA=ROOMAIR 511. A water (sp gr = 1.0) run-around cycle is shown in the figure below. Assume the coil bypass factor is negligible and there is no heat gain or loss in the piping system. The conditions are such that no condensing occurs at the coils. The water loop operates at a 10°F temperature difference, as shown. For the conditions given, the temperature T: of the air leaving the coil is most nearly: (A) 39°F 4,000 cim (B) 49°F Ty=38F he? 5,000 cin Tes 15 Copyright 2011 by NCEES 37 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE512. 513. 514. HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS ‘A cooling tower is selected to coal water from 100°F witha range of 12°F. The total heat rejected is 7.5 x 10° Btw/hr. Total water loss due to drift, blowdown, and evaporation is 2% of the water circulation rate. The makeup water required (gpm) is most nearly: (A) 25.0 (B) 273 © 300 (D) 375 A space is maintained at 75°F db/50% ch. The retum air has a sensible heat load of 100.000 Brwhr ‘and a latent heat load of 40,000 Btwhr. Total outdoor air load is 80,000 Btu/hr. The air supplied to the space is 55°F db/90% th. Neglect the fan heat and heat gain from the duct system. With a temperature rise of chilled water across the cooling coil of 12°F, the rate of water How (gpm) is, most nearly: (A) 15 (B) 20 (© 25 (@) 35 ‘A refrigerated storage warchouse is kept at -10°F inside temperature. The refrigerated space is loaded with 10,000 Ib of frozen chicken at 27°F. Specific heat above freezing _0.79 Btu/(Ib-°F) Specific heat below freezing _ 0.37 Btw/(Ib-°F) Latent heat of fusion 106 Btwlb Freezing point 27°F Thermal conductivity 0.80 Btu/(hr-ft-°F) The cooling required (Btu) to cool the chicken from freezing point to -10°F is most nearly: (A) 63,000 (B) 137,000 (©) 155,400 (D) 292,000 Copyright 2011 by NCEES: 38 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE515, 516. 517. HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS A pipeline is proposed to carry 90°F water to the top of a spray cooling pond, Flow through the smooth pipe. which has an outside diameter of 36 in. and a wall thickness of 3/8 in., is to be 26,000 gpm. The Darcy friction factor for the pipe is 0.01. For the proposed system the pressure at the pump inlet is 20 psig, and the equivalent length of pipe from the pump outlet to the pipe exit is 2,425 ft. The pond is 160 ft above the pump. For the conditions given, the operating head of the pump (ft) is most nearly: (A) 124 (B) 160 (© 169 (D) 216 A proposed piping and pumping system has 20-psig static pressure, and the piping discharges to atmosphere 160 ft above the pump. If the piping friction loss is 20-ft head, the minimum pressure rating (psi) of the piping system is most nearly: (A) 50 (B) 100 (© 150 (D) 250 ‘A manufacturer has decided to use waste heat in the form of 200°F water to drive an absorption chiller. The water is collected in a well-insulated tank at atmospheric pressure then pumped to the absorption chiller. The fluid level in the tank is 6 in, above the pump suction centerline. The suction piping has an entrance loss of 3-ft head. There are no other fittings, strainers, or valves. ‘The NPSH available (ft of head) at the pump suction when the flow rate is 450 gpm (6-in.~ diameter pipe friction = 1.5 1/100 ft) is most nearly: (A) 33 @) 7 O 4 ioe vento () 0 Wastewater ATMOSPHERE TOHOT WATER — = AT SEA LEVEL FIRED ABSORPTION f CHILLER iy @ GAGE } SN DINETER |" SINGLESTAGE END iF SUCTION CENTRIFUGAL SORSTRAIGHT PIPE pyNp, ELECTRIC DRIVEN ‘Copyright 2011 by NCEES 39 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 518. A compressor with refrigerant 134a produces 49.5 tons of refrigeration at a suction condition of 25°F saturated and a discharge of 173 psia with no condenser subcooling. Using the pressure~ enthalpy chart on the opposite page, the refrigerant flow (Ib/min) is most nearly: (A) 175 (B) 146 © 14 ©) 33 | Copyright 2011 by NCEES 40 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 518. (Continued) 20.16 2005 ASHRAF Handbook—Fundamentals ENTHALPY, Btu/lb Fig. Pressure Entalpy Diagram for Refrigerant 14a b i { : a ; — 8888 8 g88 2 R ere ew Ge ” vied ‘aunssatid 2005 ASHRAE Handbook Fundamentals LP eon, . 2016, Fgae 8, © American Society of Heating. Regering. an Ar Condsonng Epes, ww sae oP Copyright 2011 by NCEES 41 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE i——————————— HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 519. A heating system requires a hot-water heating coil to heat 10,000 efim of air to 160°F db. The air consists 5 of 2,000 cfm of outside air at 30°F db and room air at 70°F db. Hot water at 180°F is available. With a 40°F temperature drop, the flow (gpm) of hot water required is most nearly: (A) (B) © (D) 33 59 64 70 520. A one-room building is being exhausted by a large fan. Louvers along one wall allow makeup air from the outside. Given conditions are as follows: Building volume 18,200 f° airtemperature —0°F db Inside air temperature 50°F db Airis thoroughly mixed Air density 0,086 pef at 0°F Air density 0.077 pef at 50°F Exhaust flow 21,000 cfm ‘The outside air-heating requirement (Btwhr) is most nearly: (A) (B) © @) 521. A space has its own thermostat, is served by a VAV system, and has a design sensible heat gain of 19,800 Btwhr. The supply air temperature from the air-handling unit is 54°F db. The space thermostat is set at 78°F, and the VAV box has a minimum flow setting of 210 cfm and a maximum of 750 cfm. The quantity of supply air (cfm) provided by the VAV box when the 0.2 «108 9.2 «10° 11.9 105 75.8 x10" space sensible load is 5,000 Btwhr is most nearly: (A) 190 (B) 210 (©) 560 () 750 Copyright 2011 by NCEES a GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE522. 523. 524, HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS ‘A room is to be maintained at 75°F db/63°F wb by supplying air at 58°F db. The sensible heat load in the room is 200,000 Btw/hr and the room sensible heat factor is 0.80. Outside air at 90°F db/75°F wb is to be used to make up 2.000 cfim of air losses (exfiltration) from the room and has a total load of 90,360 Buwhr. Room supply air is 10,700 cfm. The wet-bulb temperature of the supply air is most nearly: (A) 50°F (B) 52°F (CQ) 55°F (D) 58°F ‘The condenser water temperature leaving a cooling tower is 95°F. The tower range and approach temperatures are 12°F and 8°F respectively. The design wet-bulb temperature is most nearly: (A) 91°F (8) 87°F (©) 83°F (D) 75°F A new residential natural gas furnace design has a measured annual fuel utilization efficiency of 94%. Consider the following statements. I. The unit meets minimum federal efficiency standards. Il. Condensation will occur within the heat exchanger. Which of the above statements is (are) true in this situation? (A) Both Iand Il are true. (B) Only Tis true. (© Only Ilistrue. (D) Both L and I] are false. Copyright 2011 by NCEES. 43 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 525. if compressor with a 23.2-ton load requires 33.5 compressor hp and has friction hp of 5.75, the heat rejection of the condenser (Btu/hr) is most nearly: (A) 278,000 (B) 293,000 (©) 363,000 (D) 378,000 526. A centrifugal fan operating at 1,740 rpm has the characteristics shown in the figure below. It will be connected to a duct system that offers a static pressure r¢ ce of 1% in. wy. when handling 2,500 cfin of air. The duct system static pressure (in. w.g.) at 3,000 efim of airflow is most nearly: FAN CHARACTER'STIC CURVE @ (A) 2.59 { 4,740 rpm (@) 2.16 6 r (© 2.10 () 1.80 5 } eae 5 = PT $ Z4 : ‘ 2 | TS 2° | PS go Be —\ +42 & bhp @ 1.740 rpm bt 1 1 ° L ° °o 1 2 3 # 5 6 FLOW RATE ( (thousands of cfm) Copyright 2041 by NCEES 44 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 527. If an absorption chi load is 500 tons, the required heat input (Btu/hr) to a chiller with a COP of 0.80 is most nearly: (A) (B) © (D) 4.8 x 10° 6.0 x 10° 7.5 x 10° 9.4.x 10° 528. An existing hot-water heating coil has two rows and eight fins/in. [lot water enters at 160°F and leaves at 140°F with air entering at 62°F. The coil surface temperature is 148°F, and the coil has a bypass factor of 0.23. The leaving-air temperature is most nearly: (A) @) © () 128°F 122°F 114°F 103°F 529. The mixing boxes of 2 double-duct constant-volume air-handling system consist of hot air and cold air dampers linked together and operated by a common actuator. Which of the following best describes the action of the dampers as cooling demand is reduced? (A) Each damper acts independently to give necessary mixed air temperature. (B) The hot damper and the cold damper modulate so that hot airflow is proportional to cold airflow. (©) The hot damper and the cold damper modulate so that hot airflow is inversely proportional to cold airflow. (D) The cold damper is modulated from maximum to a preset minimum, and the hot damper is then modulated to continue control sequence. ‘Copyright 2014 by NCEES 45 GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 530. A refrigeration cycle uses R-22. Operating conditions are indicated on the figure. Refer to the R-22 table on the following page. The reftigerant flow rate (Ib/min) is most nearly: A) 55 260-sig (B) 78 DISCHARGE (C) 101 | CONDENSER (D) 162 \ \ i EXPANSION. oy 1, VALVE COMPRESSOR owe | 20°F EVAP. TEMP. 23.2 tons 20°F SUPERHEAT Copyright 2011 by NCEES 46 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 530. (Continued) ‘THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF SATURATED CHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE (R22) Temp Preseure Deneny Entnalpy Entopy Teme Liquid Vapor Laguid_ Latent” Wyper Liquid Wapor * Yom f° tom? atu Guin Biubm —Bludnm-A Btwn A ‘Stewart, Richard, eal, Thermodynamic Properties of Refrigerants, ASHRAE, 1986, . 186. Copyright 2011 by NCEES 47 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 531. A reversing valve can be found in a(n): (A) _ hermetic compressor (B) water chiller (©) _ heat pump (D) absorption air-conditioning unit 532. The economizer section in an air-conditioning unit consists of a(n): (A) automatic changeover thermostat and discharge air damper (B) preheat coil, heating coil, and cooling coil (©) __ supply air damper, retum air damper, and ontside air damper (D) return air damper, relief air damper, and outside air damper 533. Ceiling outlets (diffusers) mounted in or near the ceiling that discharge air horizontally are classified by ASHRAE as: (A) Group A (B) Group (©) Group C (D) Group D 534, Because of aggressive corrosion, inhibited ethylene glycol should mever be used in which type of pipe? (A) ABS plastic (B) Black steel (©) Copper (D) Galvanized steel Copyright 2011 by NCEES 48 GO ONTO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS | 535. A direct-pumped variable-flow chilled water system, serving three air handlers in a building, is shown in the flow schematic. AHU-3 and the system bypass are located 75 ft above the main mechanical room housing the chiller and pump. Chiller selected for: 500 gpm, 10° AT 20-ft-head evaporator pressure drop. Chiller rated for $0% minimum flow Each OAHU is selected for: 12° AT, 150 gpm, 10-ft-head pressure drop. The control valves are selected for a maximum 5-psi pressure drop at the design flow rate, For proper system operation, the minimum required differential pressure (psi) between the chilled water suoply and return headers measured at the chilled water bypass is most nearly: (A) (B) © (D) Copyright 2011 by NCEES 80 45 35 10 Brass CONTROL VALVE (TYP) de AKU mt | Sean? |S anv CHILLER & PUMP 49, G0 ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 536. In arefrigerated warehouse, 10,000 Ib of whole, Jean, cured ham is brought in at 40°F, cooled to 28°F, frozen, and cooled to 0°F. The refrigeration required (Btu x 10°) to do this is most nearly: A) (B) © (D) 537. A psychrometric chart is provided on page 83 for your possible use 192 983 1,228 1,383 answering this question. A building air-conditioning system requires 10,000 cfin of outside air for ventilation. An energy recovery wheel, as shown, exchanges both sensible and latent heat energy to reduce the design load on the building refrigeration system. If the energy recovery wheel has 2% losses, the reduction in design load (tons) on the refrigeration system is most nearly: (A) (B) © @) 84 19.1 244 54.2 OUTSIDE AR 40,000 cim, 94°F dbITE*F wo -| }-_- | | 85°F db/60.2°F wo EXHAUST AIR —— 40,000 cfm | y 75°F db/S0°F th | ROTATING ENERGY RECOVERY WHEEL 538. A range hood in a commercial kitchen must be designed and installed in accordance with which of the following codes? (A) @®) © (D) ASME ASHRAE FM NFPA ‘Copyright 2011 by NCEES 50 GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEHVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SAMPLE QUESTIONS 539. An HVAC unit is equally supported on four spring vibration isolators as shown. The operating weight of the unit is 9,500 Ib. For the vibration isolators to have a deflection of less than 0.5 in., the required spring constant (Ib/in.) is most nearly: (A) 4,750 —— (8) 9,500 [wacunt | ~~ BUILDING STRUCTURE © 19,000 4 e ) 23.750 Be 540. An existing circulating pump distributes cooling water at 60°F year-round, Currently, the pump runs continuously and delivers maximum-rated flow. A load evaluation has determined that rated flow is not required all the time. Two designs are being considered to provide a variable- flow system. One design is to add a variable-frequency drive to the pump. The other is to add a throttling valve to the pump discharge. Known data is: Pump design conditions: 450 gpm @ 40 ft head bhp =5.8 n= 78.3% New variable-speed drive efficiency = 95% Installed cost = $4,300 Pump efficiency at reduced (choked) flow 11 = 69.0% Valve installed cost = $2,625 For purposes of evaluation, ignore electrical demand charges. Assume the average flow rate annually is 67% of design. Electrical power costs are 8¢ per kWh. Based on pump curve data, using the throttling valve yields an operating head of 43 ft at the teduced flow condition. The simple payback (years) of the variable-speed drive versus the throttling valve is most nearly: (A) 11 @) 36 © 84 (D) 122 ——— This completes the afternoon session. Solutions begin on page 69. —— Copyright 2011 by NGEES sl aii eeMECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS 53Answers to the Mechanical MORNING Sample Questions Detailed solutions for each question begin on the next page 101 c 121 A 102 A 122 B 103 D 123 c 104 A 124 D 105 B 125 D 106 c 126 B 107 D 127 B 108 A 128 A 109 c 129 c 110 D 130 D i c 131 B 112 D 132 c 113 D 133 c 114 D 134 B 115 D 135 B 116 c 136 B 117 c 137 c 118 c 138 D 119 B 139 c 120 D 140 D 54101. 102. 103. 104, 105. MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS Poisson's ratio is a measure of how a material deforms when acted upon by a force. It is applied in situations where the mechanical behavior of a machinery component is important, THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) ‘The coefficient of performance (COP) is a measure of energy efficiency of refrigeration systems. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) Annualized purchase price over 10 years $90,000 (A/P, 10%, 10) = 0.1627 Annualized salvage value after 10 years $10,000 (A/F, 10%, 10) = 0.0627 Annual operating cost = (300 days/yr)(16 hr/day\($2.50/nr) = $12,000 Total annual cost = $90,000(0.1627) — $10,000(0.0627) + $12,000 = $26,016 THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 80 hours — 10% lost production time = 72 hours 72 hours x 60 units/hour = 4,320 units => 1 scrap/120 units x 4,320 units = 36 scrap 4,320 — 36 units = 4,284 units THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) If Task C is delayed by 3 days, but has 2 days to spare while waiting on Task D, then the total compensation deley will be 1 day of delivery time. CONSECUTIVE DAYS —_-TASK AND DURATION PLANNED Ag BQ Sm Fs —r-+ |< REVISED-ACTUAL ____tep sa, @_£@) on B.. —® THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B)106. 107. 108. 109. MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS Given the maximum cost of $36 per drum, the maximum amount of active ingredient is obtained by using as much as allowed of the cheaper formulation, and then topping off with the more costly formulation. At $10/2 = $5 per 100 units of active ingredient, Formulation 2 is less expensive. The maximum amount of Formulation 2 is 2 1b, which costs $20 and gives 400 units of active ingredient. This leaves $36 — $20 = $16 to spend on Formulation 1. This will buy 2 1b, which contains 2 Ib x 100 units/lb = 200 units of active ingredient. This gives a total of 400-+ 200 = 600 units, which is the maximum achievable within the constraints. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) + L=R 12030-0188 = 0234in A ask. 0284 t eno tana = 0,269 in, | " a Detail of outer part of countersink @ = 8272 =41° ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 1. Determine minimum centerline of holes | =24-12 20.05)=1.1 2. Determine the maximum outside diameter ofholes —-D,, = 0.9 3. Determine minimum distance between surfaces 1.1-0.9=0.20 THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) According to Marks’ Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, Sth edition, p. 15-7, "the combined resistance of a number of series-connected resistors is the sum of their separate resistances." Re=Ri+R2+R3 THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 36110, iil. 112. 113. MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS 1 =O. .0 at full load Wed . }0 hp x 0.7457 kW/hp x 1,000 W/kW 457 W Service factor, sf Power, P = 0.0(7,457)__ 69.3 4 Voltage, V (230)(0.65\0.80) Efficiency, n Power factor. pf THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) Gravitational potential energy for a mass at a height is E= ™8h_ The rate of change in that energy B= “gh th= pQ= (62.4 Ibnvft*\(4, 000, 000 ft/ min)(1 mir/60 sec) = 4,200,000 Ibm/sec 2 = 4.200, 000 lnm/see)32.2 Rsee7)070 A) _ 797,990,000 bee 32.2 Ibm-fV(IbF-sec*) 1.355 W_, 1MW _ 93 y7y 1 ft-lbf/sec 10° W = 707,000,000 ft-Ibf/sec x THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 1 ksi = 6.8948 MPa Win. = 0.15937Vm IksiVin. = 1.0989 MPaym 35 ksivin. = 38.46 MPavm THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) Determine the elongation of a 6-in.-long, 1/2-in.-diameter rod when loaded with a 2,300-Ibf force. Elongation of this rod is a linear function of stress from 0 to 70,0000 psi and ecuals 0.012 in./in. when stress equals 70,000 psi. Stress = force/unit area = (2,300 Ibf)/[(3.14159}(0.25 in. x 0.25 in.)] = 11,700 psi for the rod as loaded. Unit elongation = (11,700 psi/70,000 psi)(0.012 inJ/in. at S = 70,000 psi) = 0.002 infin, For the 6-in.-long rod, the elongation is (6 in.)(0.002 in./in.) = 0.012 in, THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 37114. 115. 116. MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS ‘The von Mises failure criterion predicts failure where 0! =Sy,, where o! = oi? +02” 0,02 for biaxial loading, which is the case with this thin-walled cylinder. 0; is the hoop stress, and 2 is the longitudinal stress. 1,000,000 Pa, 1m MPa_—_2_ = 150 MPa 100em 3 MPa Pre lem 6, = PE =Sh=75MPa 2 450 MPa _ 130 MPa 3.46 THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) Determine the minimum force, P, required to raise the 50-lbf weight. For this situation, the ratio: prw = where: f = the coefficient of friction, and ® = the angle of wrap Therefore: P = We?35*3¥18° = (50 thtye25*3"*%) = 150 bf THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 7 y 5 Angular frequency, = [20 TofFin.)Q2 in #2)132.2 Tom-Ri(IbE-seo")I _ 97 8 rad/sec m 101bm Linear frequency,f =-2.=27-8rad/see _ 4 4 cvetes/sec 2x 2nrad/cycle THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 38MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS where: d= wire diameter D = spring diameter N = number of active coils G = shear modulus K = spring constant 303 Na = Nos Dy =D Ka = Koy 4 7] fats ~ tin Gie 3 df Gy dh, Oy dy = BDANg 8Di Ny eV Gat/Gyy THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 118. Using an iron-carbon diagram, Option (C) will cool to Zerrite and pearlite. 2,800 2086 A 6 TEMPERATURE °F 4410 _ AND | AND — FERRITE |CEMENTITE v \ 080 20 PERCENT CARBON BY WEIGHT /p-— STEEL ——=}- CAST IRON = Option (B) is incorrect since AISI 304, a stainless steel, contains numerous alloying components in addition to the iron and carbon shown on this diagram. The last two digits of the AISI material code indicate the weight percent carbon. "95" would be to the right of 0.80 and is outside the Pearlite/ferrite region. "40" is to the left of 0.80 and is at the middle of the pearlite/ferrite region, or about 50% of each. Therefore, AISI 1040 meets the requirements of the question. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 59MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS 119, Fatigue life is expressed in number of cycles to failure and does not depend on the duration of each cycle (the cycle period). Since primary and altemating stresses and surface roughness do affect fatigue life, cycle period is least likely to affect fatigue life. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) 120. Draw a free-body diagram. Forces due to load: Se) plus Forces due to torsion: Add vectors: Bolt 4 has additive vectors and the greatest shear stress. ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 121. This problem can be solved by referring to a normal shock table, on which all normal shock factors depend only on the upstream Mach number (for a given k value). With an upstream Mach number of 4.5, the normal shock table gives the downstream Mach number of 0.4236. THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) 60MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS 122. Flow in = flow out AAV, + A2V2 = A3V3 10? | jl AM, =| nx— |x12 in/sec 4) /sec =94 2) A2V2 = weg 7120 indsee = 2,356 in? /sec AGV3 = 942 +2,356 = 3,298 in*/sec 12?) V3 = sasu(ntZ) 29.16 in/sec 43 fps THE CORRECT ANSWER IS (B) 123. Re=-— (S fps)(0.33 8) Re=— BS 1.615x10 °R?/sec 1.032x10° THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 124, Using the pump similarity laws, power is directly proportional to the cube of the speed. Pp = Py(Sy/S)? Py = 1,000 hp (1,000 rpmv/1,750 rpm)? = 186 hp = 139kW THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 61MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS 125. w= AH, where AH =60 ft th =p Q, where p=62.4 lbm/ft? 3 Q (2) a) 296.7 83 min min )\ 7.48 gal 668 Ibm/min (2 Ibm )( 26.7 f° ee) pe ze min (60 ft) = 100,080 ft-Ibm/min we = | =3.03 hy min 33,000 ft-Ibm ° = SPP __ 24.87 hp =3.63kW (0750.83) $ =(3.63 kW\(8,000 wo = (aaa min-hp } Se) = $1,742 kWh THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) Lv? D 126. aP=s— me Vv 063 in. fisec 0.025 L = 100 ft= 1,200 in. Be = 32.2 ft/sec” 1,200 in, )/ 62.4 Ibm) 258? \(_sec* AP =(0.025} =) ‘ (=| £0) it sec” \es 2 Ape (3) Li) =4.75 tblin? = 4.75 psi | 144 in ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) 62127. 128. 129, 130. MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS flv? 2Dg Leg. B = 100 ft + (4 x 5.2 ft) + 29 ft= 150 eg, ft Darey Weisbach equati 2 hy = In this configuration, the pressure drop across Branch A is equal to the pressure drop across Branch B, FLAVA _ f LVe L, 150 he 4 =hy ASA =" =BYB y= y, |—B =y, =137V; sm OD apg YA of BY sof 8 Flow is proportional to V, thus qq = 1.37 gp 20 gpm=qa + qp 20 gpm = 1.37 qn + qp gp = 8.4 gpm THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) — Thigh Tow 7. Tih. Camot = “22 ——™" Tin absolute temperature scale. Thigh Tha, = (400 + 460) — (250 + 460) aes (400 + 460) 860°R 860R-710°R _ 9 174 THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) Rpiture = Fhe + Dsteam) = 5 (28.08 + 1,335.2)Btu/Ibm = 681.64 Brum 681.64 Btu/Ibm = 180.1 Btu/lbm + x (970.4 Btu/Ibm) => x = 0.516 THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) From PV =nRT, P/T=nR/V THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 63 iMECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS 131. Flue gas mass for each component is number of moles x molecular weight: 9COz => (944) = 396, 9120 => (9(18)= 162 50.76 Nz => (50.76)(28)= 1,421 Total 1,979 THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) 132, At initial conditions of 600°F and 300 psia: hy =1,314.5 Btu/lbm = 1.6266 Btu (Ibm-°R) Expansion process is constant entropy ie, si=sy Determine quality of steam at final condition Sf =Siiquiad + COSvapor 0.2009 + (x)1.6852 x -=0.846 Find Hy, theoretical enthalpy hy = Piguia + Prapor hig =109.37 + (0.846)(1.013.1) hy =966.48 Btu/lbm 08 (13145 — 966.48) if =1,036.1 Btu/lb THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C)MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS 133. eH ate % EXCHANGER | 150°F_ 47a ATg= ACF wtp = 424-47 in| AZ ATp mrp = 2% «53.60% Alternate Solution: 3 (ary! + en | 2 vaero-| 70"3 4 403 —s_ = 53.6°F THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) 134. Using a psychrometric chart, find the intersection of the 95°F line and the 25% th line. Follow the constant humidity ratio line at 0.0088 Ib H2O/lb air horizortally to saturation condition where the dew point temperature is 54°F.135. 136. 137. 138. MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS Partial Pressure (p) = Psar at Temp x % rh From steam table, Par at 80°F = 0.5073 psi (80°F, 60% rh) = (0.5073) (0.6) = 0.30 psi Altemate Solution: Partial pressure = Psar at dew point From psychrometric chart at 80°F, 60% rh — dew point temperature is 65°F From steam table, Psqr = 0.30 psi THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) Throttling is a constant enthalpy process. Using the T-s chart for R-134a, at 250 psi saturated liquid state, read Sinjia) = 0.118 Btu/(Ibm-°R). Move down line of constant enthalpy to 40 psia ~ entropy, Sina is 0.126 Btu/(Ibm-°R). Change AS = Srnai~ Siniiat = 0-126 ~ 0.118 = 0.008 ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) ‘An expansion valve would be used for isenthalpic expansion of high-pressure saturated liquid refrigerant on this, the throttling leg, THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) Heat of vaporization of water = 970 Btwlbm 3.41 Btu/hr _ Sensible heat load Q, = 3,000 W x 0,230 Btw/hr Latent heat load Qy = 5 Ibm/hr x 970 Btu/Ibm = 4,850 Btwhr Total heatload —Q =Q.+Q\= 10,230 Btwhr + 4,850 Btwhr = 15,080 Brwhr THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 66139. 140. MECHANICAL MORNING SOLUTIONS absorbed Weompression | refrigeration ton = 200 Btu/min = 12,000 Btuw/hr = 3,517 W 17kW velrigerator = Ty 3517 COP refrigerator = Cop, THE CORRECT ANSWER I (©) =192 Ibnv/hr 60 Btu/lb THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) 67HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS 69Answers to the HVAC AND REFRIGERATION Afternoon Sample Questions Detailed solutions for each question begin on the next page. 501 c sa | iB so | D sz | C [503 B 33 | OB 504 c sau] A 505 D 525 D 306 B 526 B 307 B 527 c 308 A 528 A 509 D 529 c 510 B 530 B su € su | C 512 A 532 D 513 D 533 A 514 B 534 D 515 A 535 D 516 B 536 c 517 c 537 B 518 A 538 D 519 A 539 A 520 c 540 A 70501. 502. 503. HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals cop = hizhy_ 627.0-161.1 54 hy—hy 745.0-627.0 where: hh = entering compressor 38.5 psia, 20°F superheat hz = leaving compressor. 229 psia, constant entropy from hy to hy hy = saturated liquid leaving condenser at 229 psia hy = entering evaporator constant enthalpy h3 to hy THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) From P-H diagram at 38.5 psia, saturation temperature is 10°F. Actual suction temperature is 10°F + 20°F (superheat) = 30°F 7.8 fe'llb THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) Using chart, for Btu/lbm: hat 10°F saturated vapor is 610 Btu/lb, s = 1.32 hat 104°F and s= 1.32 is 740 Btu/lb psia Work of compression = 740 ~ 610 = 130 Bru/lb THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) ENTHNPY, Sane m0 7504. 505. 506. HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS Refrigeration load: Supply air at 58°F db / 56°F wb — v= 13.25 ft'Ib (from psychrometric chart or tables) 20,000 cfm x 60 minsar 13.25 Alb Air mix entering cooling coil is 25% outside air and 75% return air and Brnx= 32.8 Btu/Ib —aypiy = 23.8 Btullb (from psychrometic chart or tables) 815,094 Btu/hr 12,000 Bh ton Leaving air = = 90,566 lb/hr Coil load = 90,566 Ib/hr (32.8 - 23.8) = = 67.9 tons refrigeration OR ‘Coil load = 4.5 x cfm x Ah = 4.5 x 20,000 (32.8 — 23.8) 810,000 Btu/hr 12,000 Bur ton = 810,000 Btwhr = = 67.5 tons THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (C) Air flowing through the solution with no bypass will leave at the solution temperature. Since 5% is bypassed at 80°F, t; = (0.95) (100) + (0.05) (80) = 99°F THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (D) LAT db is given as 55°F. LAT wb is calculated. BAT is determined Ma 28°F 2,900cfin)+-92°F (700¢fin) 3,600 cfm From psychrometric chart MAT wb = 66.2°F; h = 30.99 Btu/Ib = 80.7°F db Qr=cfin (4.5) (Ah); cfim= 3,600 Ah=hna—h, Qr=SH+LH+ OA = 163, 264 Btwhr _ 163,264 4.5(3,600) 99 — 10.08 = 20.91 ky, = 10.08 Btw/lb Bina 11°F wb EAT = 80.7°F db / 66.2°F wb; LAT = 55°F db / 51.1°F wb THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) 2507. 508. 509, 510. HVAC AND REFRIGERATION AFTERNOON SOLUTIONS Condensate removed = 15:00 cfm (60 min/hr)(0.011 — 0.007 1b/1b) (13.75 3 /1b)(8.34 Ib/ gal) =314 gal/hr OR On the ASHRAE psychrometrie chart: .0110 Ib/Ib for 77°F db/55% th and w= 0.0071 Ib/Ib for 58°F db/S1°F wb. Alb/Ib = 0.0110 — 0.0071 = 0.0039 Ib/Ib water per Ib dry air Condensate removed = [0.0039(15,000 cfm) (0.075 pef) (60 min/hr)}/ 8.34 Ib/eal = 31.6 gal/hr THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) 2006 ASHRAE Handbook-Refrigeration, p. 13.4. ‘Ten workers at 35°F = 10 x 895 Btwhr= 8,950 Btu/hr Five forklifts at 29,900 Btu/hr = 149,500 Btu/hr 158,450 Btu/hr ‘THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (A) ASHRAE Handbook-Fundamentals Q=A (SHGF) + U(A) AT W 40(215) +N 40 (47) +E 40 (215) + 40 (3) 1.1 (95-75) = 21,720 Btwhr THE CORRECT ANSWERIS: (D) Given: O/A db = 95°F, R/A db = 75°F, wheel effectiveness = 80% Solution: ‘TIAdb = OA db—(O/A db — R/A db) x wheel effectiveness ‘TIAdb = 95°F — (95°F - 75°F) x 0.8 T/Adb = 95°F ~ (20) 0.8 T/Adb = 79°F THE CORRECT ANSWER IS: (B) BB