FINAL REPORT SULAM PROGRAME WASTESCAPE 2.

FACULTY OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

DIPLOMA IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

CHE 332

PREPARED BY:
NIK MUHAMMAD MAHATHIR BIN NIK ANUAR
2021473694
MUHAMMAD HARMAN BIN MD NOOR
2021202858
NURUL IZZATI BINTI IBRAHIM
2021628706
NIK ADRIEANA HASYA BINTI NIK KHAIRUL HAPIZI
2021895458

PREPARED FOR:
ISWAIBAH BINTI MUSTAFA

DATE OF SUBMISSION:
31 JANUARY 2023
 TABLE OF CONTENT

1.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT

1.1 Introduction/background of study.........................................................................1
1.2 Evaluation of identified problems related to environment
sustainability...............................................................................................................1
1.3 Observation and assessment of problem related to environment
sustainability...............................................................................................................1

2.0 PROPOSED PROJECT

2.1 Proposed possible solutions.................................................................................2
2.2 Explanation on the objectives, mission and the significance of the proposed
project …..............................................................................................................3
2.3 Detail discussion on the proposed project in making planning, ideas
and execution of proposed project by applying the SDG initiatives relevant
to the project.........................................................................................................3

3.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION

3.1 Explanation on the execution and implementation of the proposed program
with elaboration of action taken relevant to environment sustainability….............4
3.2 Engagement of industrial linkage and community or any collaboration
and sponsorship……………………………………………………………………......5
3.3 Engagement with community to test the solutions to the problems/impact to
the community…………………………………………………………………….........5

4.0 GROUP REFLECTION PROGRAM

4.1 Conduct the survey questionnaire of the activity’s feedback before and
after the program…………………………………………………………....……..…...6
4.2 Challenges faced and discussion on potential solution ……………………………6
4.3 Timeline ………………………………………………………………………......…...7

REFERENCES
1.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

This report will discuss waste management strategies that will gradually increase readers'
awareness as part of our SULAM project's effort to protect the environment. Composting, as
is frequently heard, is one of the most popular methods, but it is rarely practised in society. In
the field of environmental engineering, composting refers to a biological process that changes
heterogeneous solid organic materials into a stable substance that can be used as organic
fertilizer in controlled aerobic, moist, and self-heating conditions. Food waste is a one-of-a-
kind composting agent due to its high moisture content and low physical structure. According
to the landfill decomposition timeline, food waste takes six months to two years to decompose,
and it may interact with other items in the landfill, producing harmful leachate.

1.2 IDENTIFIED PROBLEMS RELATED TO ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

The sustainability of the environment will be impacted by problems like landfilling waste, which
leads to gas emissions. Kitchen waste, when disposed of in landfills, produces harmful
greenhouse gases such as methane and carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is released during
the transportation process after the waste is collected. However, according to the Carbon
Dioxide Analysis Centre, CO2 emissions have gone up by about 90% since 1970. The
microorganisms in landfills convert kitchen waste into methane gases, which also contribute
16% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Subsequently, a consumer's poor planning will
increase the amount of food waste in our country. Some individuals usually purchase a lot of
food without scheduling when or how it will be prepared. They are extremely busy until the
food expires and is discarded as waste. This kind of attitude has become one of the major
problems affecting our environment's sustainability. Additionally, waste will produce waste
water, especially kitchen waste, which is usually watery. The collection of this waste at the
garbage dump will, over time, produce excessive amounts of waste water. The community will
feel uneasy because of this offensive odour, which will also harm the environment's ventilation.
An environmental think tank called the World Resources Institute also claims that the 1.3 billion
tonnes of food that are wasted annually around the world contain 45 trillion gallons of water.
Correspondingly, the issue is with the authorities, who have poor management. Some areas
lack a garbage dump, so the locals simply throw their trash everywhere or pile it on the ground.
Unknowingly, this problem continues to exist in our nation.

1.3 OBSERVATION AND ASSESSMENT OF THE PROBLEMS

After observing all these problems, we acknowledge that climate change occurs because of
the increase in greenhouse gas emissions. Gases like methane and carbon dioxide that are
released into the air can lead to an increase in global temperatures. According to NOAA's
2021 Annual Climate Report, 2022 was the world's sixth warmest year. Since 1981, the
combined land and ocean temperatures have risen at a rate of 0.18 °C per decade. Besides,
an increase in waste will reduce the size of landfills over time. This is because hard-to-
compose materials will remain in the landfill for a long time, reducing landfill space. This is
closely related to the issue with the consumer's poor planning. According to BBC, the entire
world generates two billion metric tonnes of solid waste annually. Not only that, excessive
wastewater causes environmental and odour pollution. Environmental odour issues cause
nausea and headaches. Repeated exposure to odour can lead to a high level of irritation, and
the receiver may become particularly sensitive to the odour. Finally, but not least, air pollution.
With 4.2 million premature deaths globally in 2019, this is one of the greatest environmental
risks to health. Exposure to fine particulate matter causes cardiovascular and respiratory
diseases as well as cancer. Garbage dump issues or a lack of proper management contribute
to these cases.
2.0 PROPOSED PROJECT
2.1 PROPOSED POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Food waste pollutes the environment, therefore we did some study to discover a solution to
help the community deal with this issue and protect the environment by offering some
suggestions for turning it into compost. Effective organism (EM) food waste composting by
molases is the first strategy we came up with to help the neighbourhood. Mix the EM with the
food waste and firmly press it before covering or sealing it. As we allow the EM to ferment the
food waste (involving microbial activity), it will produce liquid fertiliser and a quality of nutrition
for the soil through the decomposition process. It will work well for treating soil because it does
not require much space, takes two weeks to see outcomes, and is practical.
Biocatalysts, which are organic materials made with biological enzymes, are another potential
quick solution. Due to its excellent specificity, selectivity, and efficacy in regulating temperature
and suppressing pathogens, it is fully safe for both people and pets. Additionally, it boosts the
nutrients in compost, hastens the composting process, and lessens unpleasant odours as
matter decomposes. The only thing we want to do is use the food waste to generate compost,
but despite being a great answer, it is more expensive than the existing method, therefore we
need to find a solution that people can easily understand and that doesn't cost them a lot of
money.
Utilizing the Takakura composting technique is an additional choice. Utilizing the Takakura
Composting Method, organic waste is broken down by microorganisms that are developed
from natural resources. This method involves a fermentation bed and fermented solutions to
produce a seed compost. Organic waste is disposed of in a vented container or basket, mixed
with seed compost.
Composting bottles using brown sugar as the active organism is the final option. Micro-
composters are made from two or three cut-apart two-liter soda bottles that are then securely
reassembled after being loaded with solid material. The bottles are opened, filled with a
combination of moist organic materials, and sealed and insulated. Holes are punched to aerate
the contents. It only needs a bottle, food scraps, brown sugar, and soil for this technique; these
ingredients will assist a compost pile decompose more quickly. Additionally, it is the simplest
and least expensive. Using this technique, food waste can be composted by anyone at a
reasonable cost. It also takes 2 weeks to see results.
2.2 EXPLANATION ON THE OBJECTIVES, MISSION AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE
PROPOSED PROJECT

2.2.1 THE OBJECTIVES

The goal of our project proposal is to increase public knowledge by educating people about
food waste, its effects on the environment, and ways to prevent it by supporting SDG 4- Quality
Education and SDG 15-Life on Land. We will do this by sharing this knowledge with younger
generations and communities through local schools and community partnerships in the hopes
of a better tomorrow. Our suggested environmental project, which avoids landfills and turns
food waste from houses in highly populated areas into organic compost, may also contribute
to the creation of a clean, pollution-free environment, which is supported by SDG 13-Climate
Action. Additionally, the projected initiative has resulted in this financial activity. It enables
families and unemployed people to make money by selling goods made from composted
kitchen trash at home, including compost fertiliser.

2.2.2 MISSION
Our mission for the proposed project is to decrease food waste among community members
and children, lessen environmental injustice, and recycle food waste through organic
composting to produce items that are helpful to living things on the land, such organic fertiliser
and animal feed.

2.2.3 THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT

Composting leftover food and other organic waste allows us to considerably lower
methane emissions. Additionally, compost fertiliser, which encourages higher yields in
agricultural crops, can replace the requirement for chemical fertilisers. Compost
contributes to reforestation, wetland restoration, and habitat revitalization activities by
enhancing polluted, compacted, and marginal soils. If necessary, compost can be more
affordable than conventional methods for cleaning up soil, water, and air pollutants.

2.3 PLANNING, IDEAS and EXECUTION OF PROPOSED PROJECT

Given that this project requires about 60 participants, of which 20 people are college students
from our campus, we choose to work in conjunction with the school, which is made up of the
participants. With the help of the appropriate SDGs, this project aims to enlighten people about
food waste composting at home in a useful manner. It is divided into three stations, each of
which has a specific set of tasks to complete. For example, one station may feature a
presentation on compost that lists its uses, another might feature a demonstration of compost
production, another might feature a demonstration of compost use, and yet another might
feature an exhibition of composting. The participants will divide into groups to visit each of the
other two stations, which include the theory of composting trash and lab demonstration
analysis.

We have developed several ideas in response to the many solutions that have been put
forth. To be considered the best method, these ideas must meet a few criteria, including being
reasonably priced so that the community can easily access them and being a process that
can be easily understood and used at home to increase awareness of the importance of
recycling food waste. From the criteria stated and the proposed idea listed, the method that
gets chosen is composting bottles using brown sugar as the active organism to demonstrate
during the program. Because the method is the simplest, only a few steps must be
demonstrated to those who will participate before they can do it on their own with observation
from us as their mentor. However, they must wait two weeks to see the results and determine
the effectiveness of composting. Additionally, by implementing SDG 15-Life on Land, this
serves to inform them of the advantages of food waste composting by using food waste to
improve the structure and health of our soil by adding organic matter.

The students will be organised into groups for the project's execution, and each group will
send members to a separate station at the same time. One group will visit station A, the first
stop on the tour, where they will learn about composting theory and participate in a game to
test their understanding. The other group will visit station B, where they will see a composting
demonstration and could learn how to make compost alongside other participants. A different
group will watch the lab demonstration and analysis at station C, including learning how each
machine works. They will rotate three times to visit every station and stay at the station for
about 30 to 40 minutes. We invited the Penolong Rektor to give a statement regarding the
overall structure of the programme and to officially launch it at the ending of the programme.
The winner and each participant who took part are then given rewards.
3.0 PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION
3.1 THE EXECUTION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROPOSED PROGRAM WITH
DETAIL ELABORATION OF ACTION TAKEN RELEVANT TO ENVIRONMENT AND
SUSTAINABILITY.
This project involved 55 students from the Faculty of Chemical at University Technology
MARA (UITM) Campus Bukit Besi.All students involve is student Diploma Chemical
Engineering semester 3. The project was organizing by all student with support from three
lecturer of our course. WASTESCAPE 2.0: FROM GARBAGE TO GARDEN is a community
engagement program under the university course Introduction to Environmental Engineering,
which aims to train and introduce about composting food waste theory about pros and con
food waste in our life to the school students. The students of Chemical Engineering were fully
organizing and become the mentors of the program whereas the school students will be the
mentees.
This project was executed in UITM Bukit Besi with face to face program where the school
student come in to campus. They were assessing with some talk, exhibition, quizzes,
demonstration activity and lab activity with increase their knowledge about composting food
waste. This activity is divided in three stations. The school students that were involved in this
project range from 12 years old to 16 years old. This school student is come from primary and
secondary school. The participant in this project also come from university students. The total
participant in this project is 60 students. There are 30 school students from SK Bukit Besi,10
school student from SMK ISLAM DARUL IMAN ,10 university students from Faculty
Mechanical Engineering and 10 Faculty Applied Science.
There are 3 stations in this project being executed which is Theory Composting Waste,
Demonstration of Composting Food Waste and Lab Demonstration Analysis Food Waste.
These stations consist activity helped the participant to learn and understand the fundamental
of composting food waste easily. These activities also showed that the participant can learn
composting food ways in many interesting ways without make feel bored.
The first station is Explanation Theory Of Composting Waste. This activity is indoor activity
that held in classroom in university. The facilitator which is us explained about the advantages
and disadvantages of composting. There are explanation abut Sustainable Development Goal
(SDG).Its so important to give some exposure about composting to school student. There are
many interesting games that provide knowledge to school student about composting such
as,binded pen, puzzle and some quizzes.
Next station is Demonstration of Composting Waste. This station provides outdoor activity
which is the school student will do composting practically. In this station, the facilitator
explained to participant about ingredient that used for composting food waste and saw how
process of composting. In addition, the participant trained to do a composting step by step
with support from facilitator.The method composting used is bottle composting using brown
sugar. It's simple method that makes the participant easy to learn.Beside.the participant knew
the characteristic of soil which is good or not.
Lastly, the next station is Lab Demonstration Analysis. The facilitator does the experiment
activity together with the participant. The aims of this experiment are evaluating the condition
soil by find soil turbidity, conductivity of soil and also soil temperature. After doing experiment,
participant add knowledge how to know the condition soil which is good for environment or
not. This station also provides interesting games such as quizzes, teng-teng and puzzle.
So, to execute this project perfectly, we were dividing each station to three classes is first
station for class A, second station for class B and last station for class Faculty Chemical
Engineering consist three class, so it easy to us divide how many students in every station.
The 60 participant divided into three group, so one group consist 20 participants. These three
groups of participants will go different station at the same time and then will rotate go the next
station after done previous station. This activity program ended after all three done do activity
at every station. After that, the participant attends the closing ceremony at university hall.

3.2 ENGAGEMENT OF INDUSTRIAL LINKAGE AND COMMUNITY OR ANY

COLLABORATION AND SPONSORSHIP

This project can also be implemented well because the budget given is very enough which
amounts to RM1732. There are 2 sponsors who have channeled money for this project. The
first sponsor is from Tapa who has sponsored us as much as RM1382 to be spent on our
project’s company has fully agree with our proposal project. The second sponsor of this
project is Pasir Belanda Resort. They sponsor RM350 in this project with one condition is the
organizer must give recognition about their resort in this project as a marketing for their
resort.

For community engagement in this project, I am Nik Muhammad Mahathir bin Nik Anuar as
one of diplomatic committee has duty to invite school student for becoming as community to
join in this project. There two school involve is Sk Bukit Besi and SMK Islam Darul Iman.I must
communicate with them before and after program to give some updates and information about
our project. We as diplomatic committee also deal with some parties to get a sponsorship. We
also guide the teacher of school student with some information to help them easily conduct
their student during our program.

3.3 ENGAGEMENT WITH COMMUNITY TO TEST THE SOLUTIONS TO THE

PROBLEMS/IMPACT TO THE COMMUNITY

In this project, the community is school student was testing the solution when arrived at
station B. At the station, the participant which is student having a demonstration of composting
food waste which is that activity is a solution to reduce food waste. The participant learns how
to do a basis of solution composting food waste such as know the ingredient of composting,
the rate of soil, and know to do the solution is the composting food waste activity. The method
composting used is bottle composting using brown sugar. It's simple method that makes the
participant easy to learn. This method is low cost composting and produce a good organic soil
compost. They are also learning about the phase of composting and know how long the time
to take for composting food waste.
From this situation, it can give good impact to community which is that school student join
in this program can do that simple composting at their home. They also teach her parent how
to do a composting. It is also can give good impact to economy local area, the community can
use this method to make a good fertilizer. So, they can make some income by sell the fertilizer
to residence. It is also good for next generation because this practicable compost can past
down to next generation to do this method that give positive impact to environment. Lastly
realisation of this solution community can create good image to this country because this
solution is one of significant solution to reduce the food waste in our country.
4.0 GROUP REFLECTION PROGRAM
4.1 THE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE OF THE ACTIVITY’S FEEDBACK BEFORE AND
AFTER THE PROGRAM

• For participants
Based on the survey that was collected. It, show a good result which is from their perspective
about overall program or event. A lot of them said that the event was interesting, a lot of
information that them can collected even the program was short. Moreover, this program can
give an incredible impact such as can applied knowledge how to make a compost in their life
not just that from this knowledge they can use this knowledge to strong their bonding with their
family and not only that participants can also aware about excessive production of food waste
from household. So, to called this event successfully was exactly correct for the participants.
• For teacher
For the teacher feedback about the program also get the nice comment and feedback. Most
of them agreed that this program can give beneficial for communities and can develop more
communities that can manage the food waste wisely. This step can prevent more pollution
impact for environment. However, the teacher not comment on the program look and
management but they also look for organizer service while join this program activities for
example easy to communicate. This section also takes the first place to get the good feedback
because the most unforgotten event is depended how good the organizer treats the
participant.

4.2 CHALLENGES FACED AND DISCUSSION ON POTENTIAL SOLUTION

All program has it challenges and unpredictable event however to adapt with these
challenges the organizer must identify the challenges first. So, for this event that has for
challenges that organizer must face and solve. The first challenges for this event, it is the
safety of the participants. This will happen when the participant must do the composting for
the example when use the scissors to cut the bottle into half when to make the medium for the
compost product. The scissors are very sharp and can injured the user when not handle it
carefully. So, that why as the organizer the bottle was prepared before the event, so this step
can prevent the participant from injured not just that the organizer also prepared the first-aid
to get ready for unpredictable event or accident occur at that time.
Next for the next challenges it is the time management. All program has it time and flow.
This flow will smooth the program and make it perfect however the challenges still there which
is the flow was collapse and the time got shocked because of the time take at every station.
So, to overcome this situation every station has to cut their time and make it short this step
can prevent from station full of participant and the organizer can handle this.
The last challenges it was to complete or to full the participant list. This is very hard
challenges because not many schools available to join this event or program. So, to eliminate
this problem the organizer was applied this event open not just school student can join but
university student can also join this program. As fast as lightning the organizer can get the
completed list name for the participant. To end this the program will has it challenges but how
to overcome these challenges make the program perfect and enjoyable.
4.3 TIMELINE PROJECT

REFERENCE

• Rinkesh. (2017, September 13). Causes, Effects and Solutions of Food Waste.
Conserve Energy Future. https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-
solutions-food-waste.php
• World Health Organisation. (2021, September 22). Ambient (outdoor) air quality and
health. Who.int; World Health Organization: WHO. https://www.who.int/news-
room/fact-sheets/detail/ambient-(outdoor)-air-quality-and-health
• JICA. Japan International Cooperation Agency. (2014) Environmental Management.
Takakura Composting Method. Retrieve from
https://www.researchgate.net/deref/https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jica.go.jp%2Fenglish%2
Four_work%2Fthematic_issues%2Fmanagement%2Fstudy_takakura.html
• Bell, S. (2020, September 1). Landfills: We’re Running Out of Space.
Www.roadrunnerwm.com. https://www.roadrunnerwm.com/blog/landfills-were-
running-out-of-space