Corrections

8 mark question
Explain how developing the different types of strength may improve an individual's
performance in gymnastics.
The different types of strength are, maximal, dynamic, stationary and explosive. Explosive
strength is also known as power, it is the product of strength and speed. The development of
explosive strength could be beneficial to an individuals performance in gymnastics as it can
help aid the height the individual gets when performing tumbles or leaps. Explosive strength
can help the gymnast get more height, and therefore more points.
Maximal strength is the maximum amount of weight an individual is able to lift (1 rep max
test).
Dynamic strength is strength whilst moving for example weighted squats.
Static strength is strength whilst staying still or holding a position for example a plank
position. The development of static strength can aid a gymnast in their performance when
they are performing specific skills or movements such as a handstand. Having good static
strength will help the individual to hold the position for a longer period of time and in a more
aesthetically pleasing way, gaining more points.

Explain the process of gaseous exchange. (4 marks)

The alveoli have a high concentration of oxygen and a low concentration of carbon dioxide,
and the capillaries have a high concentration of carbon dioxide and a low concentration of
oxygen. Through the process of diffusion, the oxygen in the alveoli will travel down the
concentration gradient into the capillaries to be transported around the body to the working
muscles. The carbon dioxide in the capillaries will travel along the concentration gradient
into the alveoli, ready for expiration.
Explain the layout.
Gaseous exchange takes place at the alveoli. Every alveoli is connected to a capillary.
Depending on whether the individual is inspiring or expiring, affects the concentration of
oxygen in the haemoglobins + the alveoli. Through the process of diffusion, the oxygen will

Describe how respiration takes place (3 marks)

Oxygen will enter the body through the mouth / nose (when an individual inspires) , it then
travels down the trachea or windpipe, and through the bronchi – at this point the air is
filtered. The bronchi extend out into bronchioles (23 in each lung) which each have a cluster
of alveoli - each attached to a capillary. Through the process of diffusion, gaseous exchange
occurs and carbon dioxide travels back up the respiratory system, the opposite way to the way
the oxygen entered, to be expired.
The process of breathing (inspiring and expiring) – can include aerobic / anaerobic.
Define inhalation and describe how it takes place at rest (4 marks)
The definition of inhalation is the process of the intake of oxygen into an individuals lungs.
At rest an individual will inspire their tidal volume of oxygen. To start, an individual will
inhale oxygen through their nose or mouth, it then travels down the trachea, bronchi (at this
point the air is filtered), bronchioles and alveoli. The external intercostal muscles also aid
with creating space in the chest cavity for the lungs to inhale oxygen – they contract to pull
the rib cage up and out.
The definition of inhalation is the process of breathing air through the nose or mouth into the
lungs.
Talk about diaphragm
Reducing the pressure inside the lungs so that air is drawn in
Explain how air pressure changes occur in the chest cavity allowing exhalation to take
place. (4 marks)
Before an individual inhales, there is little air pressure in the chest cavity to draw the air in, as
the oxygen enters the individuals lungs, the air pressure increases, therefore when the
individual exhales, the air pressure decreases. It is necessary for the air pressure to initially be
high before an individual exhales as otherwise, they would have nothing to exhale.
Talk about the actual physical process.
The diaphragm is going to relax and push upwards, causing the air pressure to increase. The
internal intercostal muscles pull the chest cavity in and down, making the chest cavity
smaller, therefore causing more air pressure to build up which results in a pressure gradient
and the air being exhaled.