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    Ylg 3 Yuvj Yz 5 PV Zuo 5 BBQ

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    Diptimayee Jena

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 30
    Case-Based Factual Passage 1, Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) ay @) Our history makes it evident that the Indian Plastics Industry made a vigorous beginning in 1957, but it took more than 80 years for it to pervade Indian lifestyles. In 1979, the market for plastic was just being seeded by the state-owned Indian Petrochemicals and it was only in 1994 that plastic soft drink bottles became visible source of annoyance. In the same year, people in other cities were concerned about the state of public sanitation and also urged regulatory bodies to ban the production, distribution and use of plastic bags. However, the challenge was greater than it appeared at first. The massive generation of plastic waste in India is due to rapid urbanisation, spread of retail chains, plastic packaging from grocery to food and vegetable products to consumer itemsand cosmetics. The projected high growth rates of GDP and continuing rapid urbanisation suggests that India’s wajectory of plastic consumption and plastic waste is likely to increase. [Global Plastics Production, 1980 to 2020 JAnnual global polymer resin and fiber production ear [plastic production), measured in metric tonnes per year co 4400 milion tonnes J Wor 350 milion tonnes: f 200 milion tonnes 250 milion tomes 200 milion tonnes 150 millon tonnes 4100 milion tonnes. 50 millon tonnes tonnes 1950 1960 1870 1960 1980 2000 2015 2020 (4) According to the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) Report of 2018, India stands among few other countries like France, Mongolio and several African (6) countries that have initiated total or partial national level bans on plastics in their jurisdictions. On World Environment Day in 2018, India vowed a phase out single- use plastics by 2022, which gave a much-needed impetus to bring this change In this context, thereafter, ten states (Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Odisha, Rajasthan and Tamil Nadu) are currently sending their collected waste to cement plants for co-processing. Twelve other statesUTs are using plastic waste for polymer bitumen road construction and still four other states are using the plastic waste for waste-to- energy plants and oil production. A world of greater possibilities has now opened up to initiate appropriate and concerte actions to build up the necessary institutions and systems before oceans turn, irreversibly, into a thin soup of plastic. However, there is no single masterstroke to counter the challenges witnessed by the staggering plastic waste management in the country. The time is now to formulate robust and inclusive National Action Plans, and while doing so, the country will establish greater transparency to combat the plastic jeopardy in a more sustainable and holistic way. Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. (a) What is the cause of massive generation of plastic waste in India? @) @) Select the appropriate option to fill in the blanks. (Paragraph 6) a) The time is now to formulate and inclusive National Action Plans. @ concerted (i) muscular Gi) vigorous (iv) none of these (©) Complete the following analogy correctly with a word/phrase from paragraph 4 a) impulsion : : perseverance : tolerance (@) With reference to the graph, write one conclusion that can be drawn about the production of plastic in 2019, a) (€) ‘The challenge was greater than it appeared at first.” The challenge was: (1) (@ 10 urge the authorities to impose partial ban on plastic (@ to implement total ban on giving licence to units Gii) to gauge the risk of plastic (@) to urge regulatory bodies to ban the production, distribution and use of plastic bags (f) Substitute ‘the path followed by a projectile flying or an object’ with ONE WORD similar in meaning from paragraph 3. (a (g) Discuss the steps taken to combat the challenges of plastic waste. @) (h) Select the option that suggests a suitable title. @ ( Sale Disposal of Plastic (i) Indian Plastic Industry: Rise and Challenge Gti) Plastic Waste Management (iv) A World of Plastic 2. Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) (1) The education of a child starts from the family, where the mother is the first teacher. But the irony in India is that although the deity of education is a female, that is, Goddess Saraswati, according to Hinduism, but unfortunately, in India, innumerable women remain illiterate. They do not remain uneducated by choice but are forbidden from receiving education because of the patriarchal system in the society. Right from the early Vedic period, people have been celebrating the birth of a son, nevertheless, in those days, daughters were not neglected but were educated well. However, during the later Vedic period, daughters were considered a social burden. Only the girls belonging to upper class families enjoyed the right of education and got proper nourishment. In the medieval period, the conditions deteriorated for the females, even in royal families. Girls could not get the same status as the boys. In Muslim households, they were taught at their homes, while Hindu girls enjoyed the privilege of getting primary education along with the boys in schools. Male Female ‘Youty Literacy Rate (%) ‘8s-1904 1905-2004 2005-2010 Source: UNESCO institute for Statistics in Ed Stats, July 2011 (2) The prevalence of child marriage was excessively practised then. However, in the nineteenth century, many social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Annie Besant, M. G. Ranade, Jyotiba Phule and Swami Dayanand Saraswati came forward for the emancipation of women in India. Raja Ram Mohan Roy especially advocated female education. (3) Since then, there has been tremendous progress in every field, but unfortunately, girls are still neglected. In most families, the birth of a girl child is not desired and, if accepted, she is considered inferior to boys and her education is not considered important because it seems a waste of money to the majority of the parents. They think it unreasonable because, later on they would be compelled to spend a heavy amount on her dowry. So, the female literacy rate is unsatisfactory. This has a direct impact on the overall development of the nation. 2. Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) (1) The education of a child starts from the family, where the mother is the first teacher. But the irony in India is that although the deity of education is a female, that is, Goddess Saraswati, according to Hinduism, but unfortunately, in India, innumerable women remain illiterate. They do not remain uneducated by choice but are forbidden from receiving education because of the patriarchal system in the society. Right from the early Vedic period, people have been celebrating the birth ofa son, nevertheless, in those days, daughters were not neglected but were educated well. However, during the later Vedic period, daughters were considered a social burden. Only the girls belonging to upper class families enjoyed the right of education and got proper nourishment. In the medieval period, the conditions deteriorated for the females, even in royal families. Girls could not get the same status as the boys. In Muslim houscholds, they were taught at their homes, while Hindu girls enjoyed the privilege of getting primary education along with the boys in schools. rr ooo Male Female ‘Youth Literacy Rate (%) 1985-1904 1995-2004 2005-2010, Source: UNESCO inettule for Statistics in Ed Stat, July 2011 (2) The prevalence of child marriage was excessively practised then. However, in the nineteenth century, many social reformers like Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, Annie Besant, M. G. Ranade, Jyotiba Phule and Swami Dayanand Saraswati came forward for the emancipation of women in India. Raja Ram Mohan Roy especially advocated female education. (3) Since then, there has been tremendous progress in every field, but unfortunately, girls are still neglected. In most families, the birth of a girl child is not desired and, if accepted, she is considered inferior to boys and her education is not considered important because it seems a waste of money to the majority of the parents. They think it unreasonable because, later on they would be compelled to spend a heavy amount on her dowry: So, the female literacy rate is unsatisfactory. This has a direct impact on the overall development of the nation. On the basis of your reading of the given passage, choose the correct option. (a) Why were women not allowed to receive education? a) (i) Due to the patriarchal system in the society (ii) Due to the matriarchal system in the society Gi) Due to the nuclear nature of the family (i) Due to the joint nature of the family (®) How is early Vedic period different from later Vedic period, according to the passage? @) (©) In the medieval period, the conditions deteriorated for the females, and even im: @ ( the working class (i) the trading community Gii) the educated community (iv) the royal families (d) Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE, according to the passage? (1) () Female literacy rate is unsatisfactory. (i) The birth of a girl child is not desired. (ii) Annie Besant advocated female education. (iv) In Muslim households, girls were taught at their homes. (©) Raja Ram Mohan Roy advocated for female infanticide. (True/False) a) (f) How has the patriarchal system of society affected education? @) (@) Why is the education of a girl child not considered important? a) (@ Because it seems a waste of money (ii) Because the deity of education is (ii). Because the literacy rate is unsatisfactory (iv) Because of the prevalence of child marriage (h) Look at the given graph. What is the difference in percentage between the male education in 1985-94 and the female education in 2005-10? a a female 3. Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) (1) Overall global handset profits declined 11% YoY to USD 12 billion in Q3 2019 due to an increased mix of entry to mid-tier products and a fall in revenues for key smartphones OEMs. (2) Apple dominates the global handset market by capturing 66% of industry profits and 82% of the overall handset revenue. The loyal premium user base in the major markets like the USA, EU and Japan is one of the reasons that Apple can still operate at a profit level that its competitors ean only wish for. Now with a strong service strategy, Apple’s overall ecosystem is strong enough to guarantee it a steady inflow of revenue in the coming years. In the immediate future, we believe that Apple’s profit for the holiday season will increase with the new line up of iPhones gaining good traction. 100% Global Mobile Handset Operating Profit Share Trends 0% 40% 20% Global Mabile Handeot Operating Profit Share (%) Trends om zotear 20teG2 201803 201804 2019: zO9G2 201908, (8) Samsung is a distant second, taking 17% of the overall handset industry profits. The ncreased mix of Galaxy A Series along with the positive start of Galaxy Note 10 Series was the key reason for the growth, (4) Chinese smartphone brands operate at low-profit margins, but better than in previous years, even though they are expanding outside China and also penetrating high-tier price bands. Chinese brands ofler attractive propositions to mature smartphone users with new feature-packed flagships at affordable prices. Some of these Chinese brands are also now looking at monetising their userbase by launching services like financial services, loT products and others. However, it is becoming a challenge for Chinese brands to increase their smartphone ASPs and margins due to a combination of longer consumer holding periods and Apple lowering pricing on some key SKUs, which has limited the headroom that Chinese vendors had used to increase their ASPs, (5) In coming quarters, the adoption of 5G will drive some upgrades. This will likely lead to revenue growth for OEMs which are already preparing themselves ahead of full 5G commercialisation. Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. (a) Infer one reason for the following, based on the information given in paragraph i (1) Overall global handset profits declined 11% YoY to USD 12 billion in Q3 2019. (®) Select the appropriate option to fill in the blank. a) From paragraph 2, we can infer that is one of the reasons why Apple can still operate at a profit level. () loyal premium user base in the major markets, (ii) revenue growth for OEMs (ii). positive start of Galaxy Note 10 Series (ix) Apple's overall ecosystem (©) Complete the following analogy correctly with a word/a phrase from paragraph x ay expunge : ab (@) Fill in the blank by selecting the correct option. @ The adoption of 8G in the coming quarters will likely lead to for OEMs. come (@ revenue growth (ii) operate at low-profit margins Gii) become a challenge for Chinese brands SPs (e) Substitute the word ‘concept’ with ONE WORD similar in meaning, in the following sentence from paragraph 4. aw (@) increase their The new theory rejects the basic concept that humans evolved from apes. (f) List any two reasons as reflected for the handset profits decline in Q3 2019. (2) (@) Why does the writer say that Samsung will be at number 2? @) (a) Select a reason that displays a challenge for Chinese brands. a (@ To increase their smartphone ASPs and margins (ii) To guarantee a steady inflow of revenue Gii) To gain good traction (iv) To lower the profit margins 4, Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) (1) The UN’s 2017 International year tells that sustainable tourism is an important tool for development, most importantly in poor communities and countries. Today sustainbility ~ environmental, social and economic — is increasingly recognised as the benchmark for all tourism business. As noted by the UN World Tourism Organisation, 87% of international tourist arrivals will be in emerging economies, by 2080. The various “Tourism Terms’ are defined as follows: (2) Age: 35-54 years old, although age varied with acti y and other factors such as cost. Gender: 50% female and 50% male, although clear differences based on activity were found. Education: 82% were college graduates, a shifi in interest in ecotourism from those who have high levels of education to those with less education was also found, indicating an expansion into mainstream markets. Household composition: No major differences were found between general tourists and experienced ecotourists. Party composition: A majority (60%) of experienced ecotourism respondents stated they prefer to travel as a couple, with only 15% stating they preferred to travel with their families, and 18% preferring to travel alone. (experienced ecotourists = Tourists that had been on at least one ‘ecotourim’ oriented trip.) ‘Trip duration: The largest group of experienced ecotourists - (50%) preferred trips lasting 8-14 days. Expenditure: Experienced ecotourists were willing to spend more than general tourists, the largest group (26%). Important elements of trip: Experienced ecotourists top three responses were: (a) wilderness setting, (b) wildlife viewing, (©) hiking/trekking. Motivation for taking next trip: Experienced ecotourists top two reasons were (a) enjoy scenery/nature, (b) new experiences/places. Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. (a) Inthe line“. recognised as the benchmark”, the word “benchmark” does not refer to: ay @ a basis for something (ii) the criterion required Gi) the ability to launch something new (i) a standard point of reference (6) What did the World Tourism Organisation of the UN observe? @) (©) Choose the option that lists the correct answers for the following: a (1) Asha Mathew, an NRI, loves animals and wishes to travel to places that safeguard their rights and indicate awareness of their rights. What kind of toursist is she? (2) Gurdeep Singh from UK is an environmental scientist and has always chosen to travel to places that are examples of a symbolic relationship between man and nature. What kind of tourist is he? @ Wi (i) (1) is an ethical tourist and (2) is a geotourist. (iii) (1) isa sustainable tourist and (2) is a pro-poor tourist. () (1) isa geotourist and (2) is a responsible tourist. (d) List out two inherent qualities of geotourism. @) (©) Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE, according to the passage?(1) @ Economically backward countries will benefit from sustainable tourism. (i) The tourism business currently recognises sustainbility as an important factor, (iti) Emerging economies will receive negligible international tourists in the near future. (ia) The sustainability factor in tourism is a significant means for development. (f) The education aspect in the market profile of the ecotourist revealed that ecotourism was no more limited to the small group of highly educated travellers. (True/False) a) (Complete the given statement. ay In the market profile of an ecotourist, the information on gender indicates that an ecotourist and (2) is a geotourist. (k) According to the survey, one of the most powerful driving forces leading experienced ecotourism to invest in new trip was: a) @ setting up work stations in new places (@ the chance to go camping in the wild (ii) competing with other ecotourists as frequent travellers (@) the opportunity to wavel to new places 5, Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) (1) Research frem the Publishers Association has shown that films based on books take 449% more at the box office revenue in the UK and 53% more worldwide than original screenplays. The report explores what impact a book has when adapted for film and, TV. (2) The report reads: “Publishers material is the basis of 52% of top UK films in the last 10 years, and accounts for an even higher share of revenue from these leading performers, at 61% of UK box office gross and 65% of worldwide gross.” The Hollywood adaptation of "My Cousin Rachel” was shown to have a significant impact on sales of the Daphne Du Maurier thriller. The sales of the book in 2017 alone accounted for 28% of all sales since 1992. (3) The research suggests that adapted films tend to perform better because films can “leverage the popularity” of well-known books through an existing audience. Films adapted from books also tend to have a richer, more fully-developed story to draw on. In terms of TV adaptation, it was revealed that a quarter of dramas were based on literary sources and attracted a 56% larger share of the audience than those based on original scripts. Fourteen of the 35 high end series produced in the UK in the period between January and September 2017 were based in pre-existing films or TV stories. (4) In the case of the 2016 BBC broadcast of “The Night Manager”, research revealed that while the novel was in circulation for over 25 years, 82% of the copies it sold were in 2016 and 2017. Sales of the paperback edition remained strong in 2017 even after the series went off the air. (5) In conclusion, the report states that “there is a strong two-way relationship between publishing and the wider creative economy, wherein a successful adaptation often has spill-over effects and gives a substantial boost of the sales of the original book.” [CBSE Sample Paper 2021} Based on your reading of the given passage, choose the correct option. (a) What was the purpose of the research by Publishers Association? @ (6) Study the following statements. a A. The revenues generated at the box office have increased. B. Majority of the top films in the UK are based on published material. @ Ais the result of B (ii) Ais the reason for B (ii) Ais independent of B (iv) A contradicts B (©) Select the option that gives the correct meaning of the following statement. (1) “The sales of the book in 2017 alone accounted for 23% of all sales since 1992. (@ There was 28% higher sales in 2017 compared to the year 1992 (i) A major chunk of sales happened in 2017. (ii) The sales were limited to 28% in 2017 iv) Very few books were sold in the previous years. (d) Select the option listing what the given statement refers to. ay ‘Films adapted from books also tend to have a richer, more fully-developed story to draw on.’ A. The plot and the story! of such films are better. B. The characters are likely to be more vivid. G. The production of such films is meant for the rich and famous. D. The setting and costumes are adapted from the book. E. The making of such films require the author to write a sequel. OAGD i) BCE Gi) A, BLE (2) A,B, D (@) On what were the maximum TV serials in the UK during the year 2017 based? a) (f) Complete the given statement. a) This passage lists an example proving that TV dramas based on literary works have . (g) According to paragraph 5, ‘there is a two-way relationship between books and screen.’ Why is that so? @) (2) What is the base word of ‘significant’? a) (@ Significantly Gi) Signify ) Significance (és) Sign 6. Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) [Deaths on Mount Everest [Parole mtr of ent cnMeunt Evers, 15002018 lire — Heber (1) High-alitude climbing is still a very dangerous task inspite of the availability of oxygen masks and other protective equipment, which modern climbers take along with them, These, of course, are indispensable accessories of climbing, but more important than. these isthe stamina of the climber, which ultimately determines the success of his attempt to climb. Throughout his journey, death is his constant companion, which he can keep ata distance only with his superb presence of mind. He has to ead every inch of the ground with utmost care, for a false step may not only strike him a fatal blow, but also bring disaster to the whole expedition. That is why, all expeditions invariably take with them local guides who are experienced climbers and who have a thorough knowledge of the nature of the terrain. A huge amount of capital is needed for financing such expeditions and this is generally provided by government or rich private organisations, (2) The primary objective of a mountaineering expedition is to get to the top of a high mountain, which in the pasthas withstood all attempts to conquer it. Butifan expedition does not reach its destination, it should not be presumed that the expedition is a complete failure. Sometimes, operations are temporarily suspended because of bad weather, loss of some valuable equipment or sudden death of a member of the party. Every big expedition includes men who are interested in botany, biology, geology, and various other branches of science, and these men carry with them equipment for recording their observations related to the weather, the terrain, and the different forms of life in the higher altitudes. Other scientists, explorers, and expeditioners utilise the fruits of the earlier expeditioners’ observations. Thus, every unsuccessful expedition contributes to the success of later expeditions. The British expedition led by Colonel Hunt would have found the way to Everest much more difficult had not earlier expeditions armed them with useful knowledge about the death-dealing weather which they had to encounter in the vicinity of the summit. Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. (a) What accessories does a climber have to be equipped with? a) (®) Fill in the blank. a) ‘Throughout the journey, the constant companion of a mountaineer is (©) The primary objective of a mountaineering expedition is to: a) @ getto the top ofa high mountain (i contribute wo the suecess of later expe (ii) geva thorough knowledge of the nature of the terrain (iv) feast the eyes on the distant landscape (@) Why is the death rate of climbers more than that of Sherpas? @) n does not reach its destination, it should not be financed. (True/ ions @ () Why was it easy to find the way to Everest for the British expedition led by Colonel Hunt? @) (g) Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE, according to the passage? (1) (@ Throughout the journey, stamina is the constant companion. (ii) A false step brings disaster to the whole expedition (ii) Every big expedition includes men who carry with them equipment for recording their observation. () A climber has to tread every inch of the ground with utmost care. (a) ‘Sometimes, operations are temporarily suspended because of bad weather.” Which sentence given below uses the word ‘suspended’ in the same context, as in the given sentence? a) (@ He was suspended from the train for missing too many practices. (@ The police officers were suspended without pay for their conduct, (ii) The principal suspended the student from school for fighting, (iv) The city suspended all bus services during the storm, 7. Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) ( co) Unsafe water kills more people each year than do war and all other forms of violence combined, Meanwhile, our drinkable water sources are finite: less than I percent of the Earth’s freshwater is actually accessible to us. Without action, the challenges will only increase by 2050, when global demand for freshwater is expected to be one-third greater than it is now. Water is uniquely vulnerable to pollution. Known as a ‘universal solvent’, water is able to dissolve more substances than any other liquid on Earth, Water pollution is the release of substances into subsurface groundwater or into lakes, streams, rivers, estuaries, and oceans to the point where the substances interfere with beneficial use of the water or with the natural functioning of ecosystems. In addition to the release ‘of substances, such as chemicals, trash or microorganisms, water pollution may also include the release of energy, in the form of radioactivity or heat, into bodies of water. The key causatives of water pollution in India are urbanization, deforestation, industrial effluents and agricultural run-offs with the use of insecticides and pesticides, The other causes are social and religious offerings in water bodies and the use of detergents and fertilizers. Water pollution can have disastrous consequences on the ecosystem. Furthermore, toxic chemicals can travel through the food chain and get into our bodies, causing diseases and death There is no single or simple answer to stop the water pollution crisis. However, there are many solutions to prevent water pollution, both in our daily lives and within industries. They are wastewater treaument, reducing plastic waste and water conservation, In addition to this, we must have water-efficient toilets, stormwater management and ozone wastewater treatment. Major Causes of Water Pollution [CBSE Question Paper, Code 2/5/1; 2022-23] Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. (a) Infer one reason for the following, based on information in para 1. a Less than 1 percent of the Earth’s freshwater is actually accessible to us. (6) Select the appropriate option to fill in the blank. a) ‘Water is uniquely vulnerable to (@ season (ii) pollution (iii) water bodies (iv) extreme weather conditions (©) Complete the follo 1g analogy correctly with a word/phrase from paragraph a vulnerable : resilient : : artificial : (Clue: Just as resilient is the opposite of vulnerable, similarly the opposite of artificial is ) (d) Mention any two major causes of water pollution. @) (©) Fill in the blank by selecting the correct option: i) One of the solutions of preventing water pollution is a @ building industries near water bodies (i) water conservation and reducing plastic waste Gi) avoiding swimming (@) reducing farming (/) Substitute the word ‘causative’ with one word similar in meaning in the following sentence: a ‘The key causative of water pollution in India must be addressed. (g) What is water pollution, according to the writer? @) (A) Select the most suitable title for the passage from the following: a) (@ Water Pollution — A Concern (i) Unsafe Water — A Menace (iii) Universal Solvent ~ Water (iv) Global Concern ~ An Urgent Need 8, Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) (1) Information that makes its way to the short-term memory (STM) does so via the sensory storage area. There is much debate about the capacity and duration of the short- term memory. The most accepted theory comes from George A. Miller, 2 cognitive psychologist, who suggested that humans can remember approximately seven chunks of information. A chunk is defined as a meaningful unit of information, such as a word or a name, rather than just a letter or a number. Modern theorists suggest that ‘one can increase the capacity of the short-term memory by chunking or classifying similar information together. By organising information, one can optimise the STM and improve the chances of a memory being passed on to long-term storage. Retrieval Encoding formation for (2) When making a conscious effort to memorise something, such as i an exam, many people engage in rote rehearsal. By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. Unfortunately, this type of memory maintenance only succeeds if there are no interruptions. As soon as @ person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. When a pen and a paper are not handy, people often attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it aloud. If the doorbell rings or the dog barks, he will, most likely, forget the number instantly. Therefore, rote rehearsal is not an efficient way to pass information from the short-term memory to the long-term memory. A better way is to practise elaborate rehearsal. This involves assigning logical meaning to a piece of information, so that it can be filed away along with other pre-existing long-term memories (3) Encoding information logically also makes it more retrievable. Retrieving information aan be done by recognition or recall. Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the long-term memory and used ofien; however, if a memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by prompting. The more cues a person is given (such as pictures), the more likely a memory can be retrieved. This is why, multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorisation. Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. (a) How do memories get transferred to the STM? a (®) How can we retrieve information? @) (©) Ifa memory seems to be forgotten, it may eventually be retrieved by encoding. (True/False) a (@) When do people attempt to remember a phone number by repeating it? (2) (@) Study the following statements. a) A. Multiple choice tests are often used for subjects that require a lot of memorisation. B. The more cues a person is given, the more likely a memory can be retrieved. @ Aisanas (i) Bis an assertion and A is the reason (i) Both A and B are unrelated assertions (iv) Both A and B are reasons of different assertions (f) Study the following statements. a srtion and B is the reason A. Rote rehearsal is an efficient way to pass information. B. By repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep a memory alive. C, Humans can easily recall memories that are stored in the short-term memory. D. As soon as a person stops rehearsing the information, it has the tendency to disappear. Which of the following are correct? @ AandB (@#) Band C (ii) Band D (iv) Aand C @ Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE, according to the passage?(1) @ By organising information, one can optimise the STM. (@ Encoding information logically makes it more retrievable. (ii) A chunk is a meaningful unit of information. (iv) George A. Miller suggested that by repeating something over and over again, one is able to keep 2 memory alive. (h) Pick the option that corresponds to the word ‘conscious’ as used in the passage. ay @ Congnizant (ii) Deliberate (i) Heedless (2) Oblivious 9. Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) 7000 000 ‘000 4000 2000 Population (ions) 2000 1000 0 "501960" 1870” 1980 1980" 2000 2010 2020 2030 2080” 2050 (1) Urbanisation, defined as the increase in the number of cities and urban population, is not only a demographic movement but also includes social, economic, and psychological changes that constitute the demographic movement. It is a process that leads to the growth of citics due to industrialisation and economic development. The rapid increase in urban population worldwide is one among the important global health issues of the 21st century. According to the projections of the United Nations Population Division, by 2080, more people in the developing world will live in urban than rural areas; by 2050, two-thirds of the population will likely be urban. The scenario in India is also affected by this wend. In India, approximately 28% of the population lives in cities and this is expected to increase to 41% by the year 202! h it a unique set of advantages and disadvantages. This accompanied by economic growth and industrialisation, (2) Urbanisation brings wi demographic transition is and by profound changes in social organisation and in the pattern of family life Urbanisation affects mental health through the influence of increased stressors and factors, such as overcrowded and polluted environment, high levels of violence, and reduced social support. (8) The movement of population to urban areas has led to large number of older men and women left to look after themselves in the rural areas, while the young generation lives in the cities for livelihood. This also leads to less availability of caregivers for old people. The impact of urbanisation is associated with an increase in mental disorders. The reason is that the movement of people to urban areas requires more facilities to be made available for them and for the infrastructure to grow. This does not happen in proportion to the increase in population, Hence, lack of adequate infrastruetu increases the risk of poverty and exposure to environmental adversities. Further, this also decreases social support as nuclear families increase in number. (4) Urbanisation is, thus, seen as a natural corollary of growth, The awareness of the impact of urbanisation on health, more so on mental health, will act as a facilitator of change in the growing Indian economy. Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. (a) What is urbanisation? qd) (0) What is the ‘trend’ being referred in paragraph (1)? @ (©) Study the following statements. @ A. The impact of urbanisation is associated with an increase in mental disorders. B. The movement of people to urban areas requires more facilities to be made available for them and for the infrastructure to grow. (@ Aisan assertion and B is the reason (@) Bis an assertion and A is the reason Gi) Both A and B are unrelated assertions (iv) Both A and B are related reasons (@) What will act as a facilitator of change in the growing Indian economy? —_(2) (©) What is the impact of lack of adequate infrastructure? @) () Refer to the graph and pick out the FALSE statement from the following. (1) A. By 2050, more than 6000 million population will be in the rural areas. B. Around the year 2006, there was a both rural and urban areas. G. After the year 2005, the graph seems to have reached a plateau with regard to the rural population. D. In the year 1950, urban population was more than the rural population, E, The rapid shift to urban areas began around the year 2020. le more than 3000 million people in @ A.B.D @ADE Gi) ACD () BCE. (@ Complete the given statement. a) Urbanisation is seen as " (h) Which of the following means the same as ‘the natural consequence of something else”? a (@_ Urbanisation (i) Corollary (ii) Profound (iv) Proportion 10. Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) (1) India’s water crisis is ofien attributed to lack of government planning, increased corporate privatisation, waste due to industrial and human activities, and government corruption. In addition, water scarcity in India is expected to worsen as the overall population is expected to inerease to 1.6 billion by the year 2050. 56% of India Faces High to Extromely High Water Stross i. Ss LN DIAN OCEAN (2) With a diverse population, that is three times the size of the United States but one- third its physical size, India has the second largest population in the world. According to the World Bank, India has taken significant steps to reduce poverty, but the number of people who live in poverty is still highly disproportionate to the number of people who are middle-income, with a combined rate of over 52% of both the rural and urban poor. (8) Although India has made improvements over the past decades in both the availability and quality of municipal drinking water systems, its large population has stressed planned water resources and rural areas are left out. In addition, the rapid growth in India’s urban areas has stretched government solutions, which have been compromised by over-privatisation. (4) Regardless of improvements to drinking water, many other water sources are contaminated with both bio and chemical pollutants, and over 21% of the country's diseases are water related. Furthermore, only 53% of the country has access to traditional sanitation. () One concern is that India may lack overall long-term availability of replenishable water resources, While India’s aquifers are currently associated with replenishing sources, the country is also a major grain producer with a great need of water to support the commodity. As with all countries with large agricultural output, excess water consumption for food production depletes the overall water ble. (6) Ona positive note, some areas of India are fortunate to have a relatively wet climate, even in the most arid regions. However, with no rain catchment programs in place, most of the water is displaced or dried up instead of used. In these areas, rain harvesting could be one solution for water collection. The collected water can be immediately used for agriculture; and with improved filtration practices, to reduce water-borne pathogens. Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. (@) What has led to India’s water crisis? 2) (b) Which of the following factors is responsible for the depletion of water table? a) (Excess water consumption for food production (i) Reduction of water-borne pathogens (ii) Displacement of water (iv) Availability of replenishable water resources (c) Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE, according to the passage?(1) (® India’s aquifers are currently associated with replenishing sources. (i With rain water harvesting, the collected water can be immediately used for agriculuur (éi)_ India’s large population has stressed planned water resources and urban areas are left out (iv) Over 21% of the country’s diseases are water related. (d) What is the concern that has been discussed in the passage? @) (@) Which of the following state(s) experience(s) extreme high water stress? (1) A. Punjab B. Gujarat C. Rajasthan D. Haryana @ Only (i) Both Cand D (ii) All, except B (iv) All of these () Why are some areas of India fortunate? Co) (How will improving filtration practices be beneficial? a (A) ‘..depletes the overall water table’. Which sentence from the following replicates the meaning of the underlined word? @ (@ Once you deplete the balance, it may be possible to reload the money, depending on the terms of that particular card. i) The goal is to cleanse the body, not deplete it. d with more (ii) When we continually cut down forests, we are choosing to deplete one of our greatest resources. (iv) The older versions are then offered at a lower price to deplete inventory. 11. Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) (1) Increasing of wallic congestion every year is causing increasing of air pollution, wasting of time and productivity, and diverse respiratory diseases. Moreover, the cost. of solving or reducing traffic congestion is enormous. However, neglecting the traflic jam problem would increase the social problems among citizens. (2) The number of vehicles has increased considerably in the city in the past five years. Due to this increase, the city roads witness frequent traffic congestions, but above all, the vehicles emitting pollutants are affecting the environment adversely. (8) The Capital’s vehicular population saw an addition of more than five lakh vehicles last year, registering an increase of over 4%, according to the Delhi Economie Survey 2020-21. (4) In spite of largest road network, through metro and bus services, the transport system is not being able w keep pace with the growing demand, as a result of which, more and more people use their private vehicles, leading to increased congestion on the roads, still people in India prefer road travel over air and other means of travel. (5) Citizens of Delhi/NCR have, time and again, pondered over the possibilities of how to reduce the trallie congestion in the city, especially during the peak hours. Peopleshould use public transport, the government must increase the facilities of public transport, the government must increase the facilities of public transport, people should avoid the unnecessary collection of vehicles and should use carpool and vehicle sharing, (6) What is required is proper implementation of corrective measures by citizens to get an organised traffic management system. [CBSE Question Paper, Code 2/1/2; 2022-23] Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. (a) Infer one reason for the following, based on information in paragraph 1. (1) Reducing traffic congestion is not easy. (@®) Select the appropriate option to complete the following sentence: a The reasons for increased traffic congestion are (1) use of private vehicles (2) increase in demand for cars (8) inability to keep pace with population control (4) travelling by public transport (8) emission of pollutants O45 @ LS (itl) 1,2 (iv) 28 (©) Complete the following analogy correctly with a word/phrase from paragraph 5 a organised : chaotic: : lowest : (Clue: just as organised is an antonym of chaotic, lowest is an antonym of ape all (d) Complete the following sentence. a) Use of public transport will reduce . (©) Select the inappropriate option which states the methods of reducing traffic congestion. a) (1) start car pooling (2) add electric buses (8) increase in public modes of transport (4) increase car collection points (6) increase taxation @ 145 (i) 3,5 Gi) 23,4 () 13 () Analyse the status of traffic between the year 2019-2022. @) 2018 2020 2021 2022 (g) Give the reasons for increase in vehicular congestion. @) (h) Substitute the underlined word with ONE WORD similar in meaning in the following sentence: @ Gitizens of Delhi/NCR have time and time again have pondered over the possibilities of how to reduce traffic congestion. 12. Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) (1) Necessity is indeed the mother of invention, When areas in and around Leh began to experience water shortages, life didn't grind to a halt. Why? Because a retired civil engineer in the Jammu and Kashmir Government came up with the idea of artificial glaciers. (2) Ladakh, a cold desert at an altitude of 3,000-3,500 meters above sea level, has a low average rainfall rate of 50 mm. Glaciers have always been the only source of water. Agriculture is completely dependent on glacier melt, unlike the rest of river/monsoon- fed India, But over the years, with increasing effects of climate change, rainfall and snowfall paterns have been changing, resulting in severe shortage and drought situations. Given the extreme winter conditions, the window for farming is usually limited to one harvest season. (3) Ivis located between the natural glacier above and the village below. The one closer to the village and lowest in altitude melis first, providing water during April-May, the crucial sowing season. Further, layersofice above melt with the increasing temperature, thus ensuring continuous supply to the fields. Therefore, farmers have been able to manage two crops instead of one. It costs about 1,50,000 and above to create a glacier. (4) Fondly called the glacier man, he has designed over 15 artificial glaciers in and around Leh since 1987. In recognition of his pioncering effort, he was conferred the Padma Shri by The President of India. (8) There area few basie steps followed while creating an artificial glacier. River or stream water at high altitude is diverted to a shaded area of the hill, facing north, where the winter sun is blocked by a ridge or a mountain range. At the start of winter, ie. in November, the diverted water is made to flow on sloping hills facing distribution channels, Stone embankments are built at regular intervals which impede the flow of water, making shallow pools which freeze, forming a cascade of ice along the slope. Ice formation continues for 3-4 months resulting in a large accumulation of ice which is referred to as an ‘artificial glacier’. Meitwater Discharge Soning Harvest Poriod Period Supplement by Artifical Glaciers SSR pec LEP OOEVIE IL [CBSE Question Paper, Code 2/4/3; 2022-23) Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. (a) Infer one reason for the following, based on information in paragraph 1. (1) Areas in and around Leh began to experience water shortage but life didn't grind to a halt. ®) Select from the passage the appropriate option to fill in the blanks. a Agriculture is completely dependent on unlike the rest of river/monsoon-fed India. (@ rainfall pattern (i) climate change (ii) glaciers melt (iv) extreme weather conditions (©) Select the correct option to complete the following sentence: w At the start of winter the diverted water is made to flow. . (@ on sloping hills facing distribution channels (a) on high-altitude (ii) on ice-cold water level (wv) on mountain range (d) From the chart select the months of water surplus. M @ January, February (November, December (ii) July, August, September (iv) March, April (@) The word ‘located’ in paragraph 3 means: a @ found i) locally found ii) situated (iv) adapted () Write any two steps followed while creating the glaciers. @) (@) Why do artificial glaciers seem to be the best option? (2) (A) Select the most suitable title for the passage. a) (@ Water Shortage (ii) New Ways to Pool Water (ii) Artificial Glacier () River Beds 13, Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) (1) According to a new study, a vast blanket of pollution stretching across South Asia is cutting down sunlight by 10 percent over India, damaging agriculture, modifying rainfall patterns and putting hundreds of thousands of people at risk. (2) Itis said, “Acids in the haze may, by falling as acid rain, have the potential to damage crops and trees. Ash falling on leaves can aggravate the impact of reduced sunlight on the Earth's surface. The pollution that is forming the haze could be leading to several hundreds of thousands of premature deaths as a result of higher levels of respiratory disease (8) “The haze has cut down sunlight over India by 10 percent (so far) ~ a huge amount! ‘As a repercussion, the North-West of India is drying up,” Prof. V. Ramanathan said when asked specifically about the impact of the haze over India. He said, “We are still in an early stage of understanding of the impact of the haze.” (4) Prof. V. Ramanathan was asked whether the current droughts in most parts of India afier over a decade of good monsoons was owning to the haze. He said, “It was too carly to reach a conclusion. Ifthe droughts persist for about four to five years, then we would start suspecting that it may because of the haze.” India, China and Indonesia are the worst affected owning to their population density, economic growth and completing forest cover. [CBSE Question Paper, Code 2/2/3; 2022-23)] Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. (a) Infer one reason for the following based on the information in paragraph 1: (2) In India, rainfall patterns are changing. (®) How is the pollution spreading across South Asia affecting India? @) (© Complete the following analogy correctly with a word/phrase from paragraph 2 a possibility = 1 suspecting : doubting (d) Select the correct option to complete the sentence. ay droughts were caused by the haze. (@ Strong evidence suggested that (ii) Past surveys confirmed that (ii) There has not been enough time to determine that (iv) Superstitious people believe that (©) From the following pie chart, identify one reason each which does and does not contribute to weather disruption: a (/) Fill in the blank by selecting the correct option. a Ash falling on leaves can the impact of reduced sunlight on the Earth’s surface. (@) worsen (i) encourage Gii) diminish (@) support (@ Substitute the word ‘repercussion’ with one word similar in meaning in the following sentence from paragraph 3. a ‘The haze has cut down sunlight over India... As a repercussion, the North-West India is drying up. (h) Select the option that titles paragraphs 1-4 appropriately with reference to information in the text. @ (@ 1. Impact of Pollution in South Asia 2. Effects of Acid Rain 3. Understanding Consequences of Haze Debate Over Droughts Impact of Droughts Understanding Acid Rain Effect of Haze Debate Over Pollution Impact of Pollution in South Asia Effects of Acid Rain Debate Over Droughts Understanding Haze Impact of Haze Understanding Acid Rain Debate Over Pollution Effect of Haze w wee (ii) ReaAe () veae Be 14, Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) (1) The seasonal problem of water taps running dry is plaguing most of our major cities. With the bigger rivers flowing in trickles, and ponds and wells reduced to clay-pils, village women in remote areas have to fetch every drop of water for drinking, cooking, washing and so on, across large distances. This has only worsened a perenni: problem, that of widespread pollution of water, rendering it unfit for human consumption. The monsoons—and the attendant floods—will not solve this problem. The Delhi Administration is seriously worried about the threat to civie health posed by the polluted waters of the Yamuna. Two new tanks are to be set up to treat sewage. At present, only 60 per cent of the 200 million gallons of the city's sewage receives any kind of treatment before it is dumped into the river which supplies water not only to this city but to innumerable towns and villages downstream, The Ganges, the Yamuna, the Kaveri, in fact all our important rivers, serving many urban conglomerations are fast becoming @ major source of disease. Pre rrer enoda enC Raead (2) A comprehensive bill, introduced in Parliament recently, envisages the setting up of central and state boards for the prevention and control of water pollution. But it will obviously take some time before legislation is passed and effectively implemented, Meanwhile, the problem continues to swell. (3) According to a survey of eight developing countries conducted a couple of years ago, 90 per cent of all child deaths were due to water-borne diseases. It is the same unchanged story today. In a country like India, a burgeoning population continuing to use the open countryside as a lavatory means that, with every dust storm and rain, human exereta laden with germs and parasite spores find their way to ponds, shallow wells and even the streams and rivers. Only 18 per cent of the rural folk have access to potable water, (4) All children have the right to dean water and basic sanitation, as stated in the Convention on the Rights of a Child. The ultimate aim of UNICEF's work in water, sanitation and hygiene is to ensure that all children enjoy this right, and that no child is left behind, Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. (a) Dethi administration is seriously worried about the threat to civic health, (Irue/ False) @ (b) What is referred as a seasonal problem in paragraph 1? a () Fetching water in rural areas (ji) Water taps running dry (i) Drought in rural areas (@) Widespread pollution of water (© What is the condition of water scarcity faced by village women in remote areas? @) (d) What is the ultimate aim of UNICEF's work in water, sanitation and hygiene? @) (©) Which of the following diseases are caused by drinking polluted water? (1) ‘A. Cholera B. Typhoid C. Dengue D. Diarrhoea E. Pneumonia (@) A, Bandc Gi) B, Cand D (ii) C, Dand E (iv) A, Band D (f) What was concluded a couple of years ago, according to a survey conducted of eight developing countries? (a) (@) Study the following statements. ay A. Two million tanks are to be set up to treat sewage. B. The rivers serving many urban conglomerations are fast becoming a major source of disease, C. The problem of water taps running dry is plaguing most of our major cities. D. In Indi ., burgeoning population continues to use riverbanks as a lavatory. The following are correct: @ Aand B (i) Band C Gii) Cand D (iv) Aand D () “The monsoons ~ and the attendant floods - will not solve this problem.” In which of the following sentences has the word ‘attendant’ been used in the same context as in the given sentence? wo () When mental deficiency and the attendant diseases or disorders are severe, the child may require a life-support system. (ii) The atendant gave Dean a strange look but between the wo, they managed to turn the body. Gii) The queen found herself in the quiet and respectful demeanour of her attendant, and gradually came to prefer her society to that of the termagant and temperature duchess. (iv) He left home, and with only attendant, crossed the Alps, and wandered through Burgundy and France. 15. Read the following passage carefully. (10 marks) a (2) Festivals are synonymous with celebration, ceremony and joy. However, festivals bring to the fore the flip side of celebrations ~ pollution ~ air, water, soil and noise. This led to the need of assessing the awareness level among people about ecological pollution during festivals. So, a study was conducted by scholars from an esteemed university in India. This study was titled, ‘Awareness Towards Impact of Festivals on Ecology’. There were two main objectives of the study. The first one was to assess the awareness level among people about ecological protection during festivities. Exploring solutions to bring awareness about celebrating festivals without harming ecology was the second objective. The method used to collect data was a simple questionnaire containing 6 questions, shared with 50 respondents across four selected districts of a state in the southern region of India. (3) The research began by understanding the socio-economic conditions of the respondents before sharing the questionnaire. Once the responses were received, the data collected were tabulated (Table 1), for analysis. Table 1: Awareness level among respondents Questions: Yes % | No% | Can't Say % 1. Do you feel that bursting crackers isa must during | 46 54 0 festivities? 2. Do you think most people abuse environmental | 72 28 0 resources during the celebration of festivals? 8. Do you think that celebrations & festivities result in | 64 32 4 uniting people? 4. Do you enjoy bursting crackers for amusement? 68 32 0 5.Do you feel pressured to burst crackers during | 82 12 6 festivals as an expectation of your social status? 6. Are you aware of waste segregation & disposal | 56 40 4 guidelines for better ecology? (4) The study recommended the imposition of strict rules and regulations as opposed to a total ban on all festive activities which have a drastic impact on our environment, The researchers believed that such measures would help in harnessing some ill-eflects that add to the growing pollution and suggested further studies be taken up across the country to assess awareness about ecological degradation. (8) The observations made in the study pointed to the environmental groups and eco- clubs fighting a losing battle due to city traflic issues, disposal of plastics, garbage dumping and all sorts of ecological degradation. The researchers stressed that the need of the hour is increasing awareness among people to reduce environmental pollution which can be facilitated by celebrating all festivals in an eco-friendly manner. Based on your understanding of the passage, answer the questions given below. @ does not create awareness among people to save the environment. Many who needed treatment for diseases like cancer, heart ailments and diabetes were not getting the required attention. @ @ Traffic issues Gi) Growing pollution (ii) Total banning () All of these (8) We unintentionally pollute our ecology. This statement means that we do so by: @ 1. playing loud music 2. understanding the socio-economic conditions 3. bursting crackers in the air 4. throwing leftovers in the water @ 2e4 i) BRB (iil) 1&4 (i) All, except 2 © @) © ® (hy Complete the following with a reason from paragraph 5. a Action desired To educate people Reason Even though a larger number of people say ‘no’ to bursting crackers than those who say *yes’, festival pollution persists. How does the evidence from table 1 support this statement? @) What purpose does the ‘Can't Say’ column serve in the questionnaire (table 1)? a) What do you infer from celebrating all festivals in an eco-friendly manner? (1) (@ To use fresh flower (ii) To use hand-made clothes (ii) To advocate ecological degradation (i) Both (@ and Gi) Justify the researchers’ recommendation for limiting the drastic impact of festival pollution on the environment. @) Select the option that displays the recommendation of the study, according to para 4, i) (@ To pressurise the offenders who burst crackers during the festivals (i) To sensitise ecological protection Gii) To impose strict rules and regulations against the violation (jv) To analyse the impact of pollution ‘Answers (Case-Based Factual Passage} 1. (a) The massive generation of plastic waste in India is ‘due to repid urbanisation, spread of retal chains, plastic packaging from grocery o food and vegetable products to consumer items and cosmetics. (b) (jv) none of these (6) Impetus (@) It suggests that India's trajectory of plastic production was increasing (6) (iv) to urge regulatory bodies to ban the production,

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