Notes 240223 004419

base
to lower in rank, office, prestige,

or esteem
近义 debase, degrade, demean ,
disparage, belittle
反义 ennoble,exalt, aggrandize,
canonize, deify
相关 abasement n.
A man who never respects
others will abase himself.
abash
to destroy the self-possession or

self-confidence of someone
近义 disconcert, embarrass,
discomfit,fluster,mortify
反义 embolden,reassure, hearten
相关 abashment n.
GRE 填空最新 1100 题 Section
57 easy
Although evolutionary
psychologists do not seem quite
as imperialist in
their intellectual ambitions as
their sociobiologist forebears of
the 1970s,
they tend, in some critics' view,
to be no less_____in their
claims.A.
abashed B.arrogant C.
impetuous D. hubristic E.
narcissistic F. diffident
Your kindness quite abashed me.
abate
to become weaker, to reduce in
degree or intensity
近义 mitigate， diminish， ebb，
subside， dwindle， wane
反义 balloon,burgeon, intensify,
mushroom, swell, escalate,
aggravate
相关 abatement n.减少
The storm showed no signs of
abating.
to put an end to
近义 nullify, annul, abrogate,
cancel , negate
反义 validate，confirm，ratify
The professor abated the current
contract and started to cooperate
with another company.
abdicate
to relinquish (something, such as
sovereign power) formally ;to
cast off
近义 abnegate,cede,relinquish,
renounce , resign, surrender
反义 assume, usurp
相关 abdicationn.退位，放弃
She was forced to abdicate the
throne of Spain.
aberrant
deviating from the usual or
natural type
近义 anomalous, abnormal,
exceptional, deviant, eccentric
反义
common, customary, normal,
ordinary,typical
The transition from the
Paleolithic to the Neolithic era is
viewed by most art historians as
a (i) _____ because, instead of
an increasingly (ii)pictorial art, we
find degeneration. A. milestone..
debased B.consolidation..diverse
C. calamity.. aberrant D.
regression..sophisticated E.
continuation..improved
Those anecdotes are often
dismissed as aberrant behaviors.
abet
to assist or support in the
achievement of a purpose;
especially: to assist,encourage,
instigate, or support with criminal
intent in attempting or carrying
out a crime
近义 foment，provoke，
instigate，incite
反义 deter，dissuade，
dishearten， demoralize， daunt
We shall strike hard, without
flinching, at terrorists and those
who abet them
to actively second and
encourage (as an activity or plan)
近义 aid，assist，back，
support， promote
反义
stymie，frustrate，obstruct，thw
art，impede， forestall， hinder
The media have also abetted the
feeling of unreality.
abeyance
a state of temporary inactivity
近义 quiescence, suspension ,
moratorium, doldrums,
adjournment
反义 continuance,resumption,
maintenance
相关 abeyant adj.暂时搁置的
词组 in abeyance 搁置；暂停使
用
?
TC＆SE-陈琦 36 套（上）
Yellow fever,the disease that
killed 4,000
philadelphians in 1793, and so
(i) _____Memphis, Tennessee,
that the city lost its charter, has
reappeared after nearly two
decades in (ii ) _____in the
Western Hemisphere.A.
terrorized.. contention
B.ravaged.. secret C.
disabled..quarantine D.
corrupted.. quiescence E.
decimated.. abeyance
The decision is in abeyance until
he returns from holiday.
abhor
to regard with extreme
repugnance
近义 loathe，abominate，
detest，execrate， despise
反义 admire，esteem，idolize，
revere， venerate， worship
They abhor all forms of racial
discrimination.
abide
to wait for
近义
await,stay,dwell,tarry,remain
反义 depart
相关
abiding adj.持久的
She was forced to abide here.
?
v.忍受
to endure without yielding
近义 withstand，tolerate，bear
▶ I can't abide people who can't
make up their minds.
to accept without objection

近义 obey, observe, comply with,
conform to
反义 flout, defy, contravene,
spurn, reject
词组 abide by 遵守，遵循
You'll have to abide by the rules
of the club.
abiotic
not involving biology or living
things
反义 biotic
词组 abiotic processes
Passage 44
Exotic pests are more efficient
than most abiotic disturbances
(e.
GRE Section 1 easy
The (i)_ _of molecular oxygen on
Earth-sized planets around other
stars in the universe would not
be (ii)_____sign of life: molecular
oxygen can be a signature of
photosynthesis (a biotic process)
or merely of the rapid escape of
water from the upper reaches of
a planetary atmosphere (an
abiotic process). A. dearth B.
presumption C. detection D.a
controversial E. an unambiguous
F. a possible
Abiotic factors include climate,
chemical pollution,geographical
features.
abject
showing, expressing, or offered
in a spirit of humility or unseemly
submissiveness
近义 base, humble, menial,
servile
反义
arrogant,haughty, imperious,
supercilious, superior
相关 abjectly adv.凄惨地；绝望
地
词组 abject poverty 赤贫
TC＆SE-陈琦 36 套（下）
Read's apology to Heflin was not
exactly abject and did little to
(i)their decades-long quarrel,
which had been as (ii ) _____as
the academic etiquette of
scholarly journals permitted. A.
encourage.. sporadic
B.dampen..courteous C.
obscure..ceremonious D.
resolve..acrimonious
E.blur..sarcastic
This policy has turned out to be
an abject
failure.
?
abjure
to renounce upon oath or to
reject solemnly
近义 reject，abnegate，
repudiate， relinquish ，
forswear， recant
反义 espouse， endorse，
embrace ， accept，adopt
TC＆SE-陈琦 24 套
The family abjured store-bought
cards, deeming the cloying quips
to be too
to express proper sentiment in a
tasteful manner. A. rancorous B.
brusque C. candid D. mawkish E.
sanguine
They were compelled to abjure
their faith.
v.避免
to abstain from
近义
dodge, eschew, elude, shun,
evade
反义 court, pursue, chase
He abjured extravagance and
lived in a abstemious way.
abnegate
deny,renounce
近义
renounce, relinquish , surrender ,
abdicate, repudiate
反义 accept
相关 abnegation n.否认，放弃
词组 abnegate corporal pleasure
放弃肉体享乐
If love and friendship can't be
together, I will abnegate the
resultless love.
?
abolish
to end the observance or effect
of
近义 annul, revoke, abrogate,
invalidate,repeal, nullify
反义 enact,institute, validate,
legitimate,
endorse, sanction
相关 abolition n.废除，废止，
abolishment n.废除，废止
词组 to abolish an outdated
custom 废弃过时的习俗
?
GRE 阅读最新 200 篇 Passage
71
The act was vetoed by President
Andrew Johnson, who argued
that the Thirteenth
Amendment,which abolished
slavery, did not provide Congress
with the authority to extend
citizenship and equal protection
to the freed slaves.
?
76 median
To abolish the existence of
nation-states is neither feasible
nor desirable;but insofar as there
are collective interests that
transcend national boundaries,
the
(i)_____of nation-states must be
(ii)_____to international
institutions. A. sovereignty B.
traditions C. genealogy D.
subordinated E.attributable
F.analogous
The following year Parliament
voted to abolish the death
penalty for murder.
abominate
to hate or loathe intensely
近义 abhor， detest， despise，
loathe， disdain
反义 esteem，adore， idolize，
revere， venerate， worship
The President has refused to
endorse harsh measures against
abortion or to abominate all
guncontrol.
aboriginal
being the first or earliest known
of its kind present in a region
近义 native, domestic, endemic,
indigenous
反义 nonlocal
词组 an aboriginal species 本土
物种
Whereas most modern terrestrial

predators, such as lions or bears,
are quadrupeds, the predatory
dinosaurs of Cretaceous times
adopted stance. A. an aboriginal
B. a carnivorous C. a bipedal D.
an intermediary E.an oceanic
Most Canadians acknowledge
that the aboriginal people have
had a rotten deal.
abound
to be present in large numbers or
in great quantity
近义
proliferate, teem,
overflow,swarm,flourish
相关 abundant adj.丰富的，充
裕的
词组 abound in／with
something
abound in geography: the city of
Alexandria is named after
Alexander the Great;
Leopoldville, the former name of
Kinshasa, is named after King
Leopold Il of Belgium. A.
Eponyms B. Derivatives C.
Metaphors D.Tropes E.
Diminutives
TC&SE-Magoosh_Medium
Small talk abounds with_____,
which are nothing more than
canned phrases lacking any real
substance. A. digressions B.
recriminations C.histrionics D.
addenda E. platitudes
The book abounds with close-up
images from space.
aboveboard
in a straightforward manner
近义 honest，straightforward，
frank， candid， forthright
反义
surreptitious，underhanded，co
vert， furtive， clandestine
The constitution guarantees a
fair and aboveboard election by
letting every voter express his or
her will freely without subject to
coercion, surveillance or threat
by anyone.
abrade
to rub or wear away especially by
friction
近义 erode,chafe,wear,rub
反义 augment
相关 abradable adj.耐磨的
My skin was abraded and very
tender
v.使厌倦
to wear down in spirit
近义 irritate，weary
反义 animate, inspire, enliven,
invigorate, refresh
Their gossips abraded her into
restlessness.
abreast
beside one another with bodies
in line
近义 alongside
词组 to ride abreast 并排骑行
They walked two or three
abreast.
up to a particular standard or
level especially of knowledge of
recent developments
keep abreast of sth
We'll keep you abreast of
developments
abridge
to shorten in duration or extent
近义 abbreviate,curtail, diminish,
truncate, condense
反义
protract,amplify, lengthen,
elongate, enlarge
相关 abridgement n.节本；缩减
词组 an abridged version 删节
版
?
The influence of the Titnaeus
among early philosophical
thinkers was (i)if only because it
was the sole dialogue (ii )
_____in Europe for almost 1,000
years. A. pervasive..available B.
inestimable..suppressed
C.unnoteworthy..abridged D.
underestimated.. studied E.
circumscribed..translated
A book publisher may alter or
abridge a work with the
permission of the copyright
owner.
abrogate
to abolish by authoritative action
近义 annul, nullify, abolish,
invalidate, rescind, repeal
反义 institute，initiate，
establish， launch， found
相关 abrogation n.废除；取消
Newly arisen citizenry stratum
and bourgeois have strong
request that the country abrogate
the feudalistic privilege and
develop the capitalism.
abscond
to depart secretly and hide
oneself
近义 escape,flee, steal away
反义
abide,dwell,hang,linger,tarry
相关 abscondence n.潜逃，逃
跑
词组 to abscond with public fund
携带公款潜逃
He attempted to abscond from
the punishment.
?
abstain
to refrain deliberately and often
with an effort of self-denial from
an action or practice
近义 refrain,abjure, forbear,
forgo, abandon
反义 indulge
词组 abstain from smoking 戒烟
A high percentage of women said
they had abstained from alcohol
during pregnancy.
abstemious
marked by restraint, especially in
the consumption of food or
alcohol
近义 austere,moderate,
abstinent, temperate, spartan
反义
indulgent, hedonistic, sybaritic,
voluptuous, extravagant
词组 an abstemious diet 有节制
的饮食
?
TC＆SE-XDF 红皮
It is assumed that scientists will
avoid making (i) ___claims about
the results of their experiments
because of the likelihood that
they will be exposed when other
researchers cannot (ii)
_____their
findings.A.hypothetical
B.fraudulent C. abstemious D.
duplicate E. dispute F.contradict

55 easy
The restaurant often experience
a decline in business after
holiday seasons, for potential
customers attempt to be
more_____to balance out their
former celebratory indulgences.
A. abstemious B. loyal C.
unsophisticated D. blithe E.
indolent
He is abstemious in eating and
drinking.
abstruse
difficult to comprehend
近义 recondite, arcane, esoteric,
profound, slippery, elusive
反义
accessible, fathomable,
intelligible, clear-cut,
comprehensible
词组 an abstruse theory
TC&SE-Magoosh_Hard
Mulcahy, in averring that most
literary criticism has become so
filled with abstruse jargon as to
be practically indecipherable to
anyone save its practitioners, is
himself (i)_____: his main point
will be discernible only to the
very community he seeks to
(ii)_____.A. uncertain B.
complicit C.enlightened D.
defend E.impugn F.inform
Einstein's theory of relativity is
very abstruse.
abut
to touch along a border or with a
projecting part
adjoin, fringe, verge on, butt on
近义
词组 abut on／upon 紧靠
RC-Magoosh_Hard
Without grass and weeds, the
land abutting the trails is more
prone to erosion.
There are no pavements, homes
and shops abut the narrow
alleyways.
abysmal
having immense or fathomless
extension downward, backward,
or inward
近义 profound,bottomless,
unfathomable
反义 shallow，shoal，superficial
词组 abysmal ignorance 极端的
无知
?
As is often the case with
collections of lectures
by_____authors,the book as a
whole is_____, although the
individual contributions are
outstanding in themselves. A.
different.. disconnected B.
incompetent..abysmal
C.famous..systematic D.
mediocre.. unexciting E.
various..coherent
The abysmal academician's
acarpous writing had
accomplished little in
achievements to date.
immeasurably low or wretched

近义 horrible, dire, terrible,
appalling, dreadful
反义 fantastic, marvelous,
awesome, wonderful, superb
词组 abysmal sanitation 悲惨的卫
生条件
The general standard of racing
was abysmal.
accede
?
v.同意
to express approval or give
consent
近义 assent, acquiesce,
consent , subscribe, endorse
反义 demur,dissent, decline,
rebuff, spurn
相关 accession n.同意，就任
184
Thus a scholar concerned with
finding literary heirs in order to
afford them
the benefits of copyright laws
must in so doing accede to legal
concept of
ownership that has been used to
appropriate knowledge from
community-based cultures.
TC&SE-OG
Human nature and long
distances have made exceeding
the speed limit a (i)_____in the
state, so the legislators
surprised no one when, acceding
to public demand, they
(ii)_____increased penalties for
speeding. A.
controversial habit B. cherished
tradition C. disquieting ritual D.
endorsed E. considered
F.rejected
He acceded to demands for his
resignation
v.就任
to enter upon an office or
position
近义 assume, inherit,succeed
Queen Victoria acceded to the
throne in 1837.
accession
n.增加
a process of increasing by
addition (as to a collection or
group)
近义 acquisition, gain, addition
There areseveral new
accessions to the library.
?
n.就任，登基
the act of coming to high office or
a position of honor or power
近义 succession，inheritance
The accession of the new
president was a splendid
pageant.
?
n.正式加入
the act of becoming part of an
international organization
近义
joining，enrollment，admission
反义 discharge， dismissal，
rejection， removal
China's accession to the WTO is
also required by the WTO itself.
?
acclimate
to adapt to a new temperature,
altitude, climate, environment, or
situation
近义
adapt，adjust，accommodate，
accustom， attune
相关 acclimation n.服水土，顺应
Several things can be done to
help the snake acclimate.
accolade
praise or an award for an
achievement that people admire
近义 award，encomium，
tribute， eulogy， panegyric
反义 censure，condemnation，
reproof， castigation，
vituperation
The Nobel prize has become the
ultimate accolade in the
sciences.
accost
美［ə＇ko：st］
记忆方法
拆分联想：ac（加强）＋cost
（成本）→搭讪（需要付出成本
的）
v.（唐突或带有威胁性地）搭讪
to approach and speak to often
in a challenging or aggressive
way
近义
harass，pester，bother，hound
She was accosted in the street
by a complete stranger.
她在街上被一个完全陌生的人搭
讪。
?
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accrete
美［ə＇krit］
记忆方法
ac（＝ad，加强）＋
crete（create，产生）一共生，
逐渐增长（一起增长）
v.共生，逐渐增长
to grow or become attached by
accretion
近义 accumulate, amass,
conglomerate, gather, pile up
反义 dissipate
相关 accretion n.自然的增加；增
加物
The ice in the cave had accreted
into stalactites.
洞中的冰已经逐步生成为钟乳石。
?
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acerbic
美［ə＇s3：rbik］
记忆方法
近形联想：acerb（acid，酸）＋
ic 一尖刻的（言辞酸的、腐蚀性
的）
adj.尖刻的
critical in a direct and rather cruel
way
近义 mordant, vitriolic, caustic,
cutting, scathing, sarcastic,
pungent,satiric
反义 moderate, mild
相关 acerbity n.尖酸，刻薄，
acerbically adv.酸地；尖酸地
词组 acerbic criticism 尖刻的批
评
67
In 1755 British writer Samuel
Johnson published an acerbic
letter to Lord Chesterfield
rebuking his patron for neglect
and declining further support.
The letter was written in her
usual acerbic style.
这封信是用她惯常的尖刻语调写
的。
?
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acidic
美［ə＇sidik］
记忆方法
近形联想：acid（酸）＋ic-酸性
的
adj.酸性的
containing acid
近义 acid,sour,tartish
词组 acidic soil 酸性土壤
RC-巴朗
Shakespeare's son-in-law,the
seventeenth-century herbalist
and surgeon John Hall, cured
several cases of scurvy by
administering an acidic brew
composed of brooklime, scurvy
grass and watercress, all herbs
rich in ascorbic acid.
Heavily acidic conditions also
prompt the leaching of toxic
metals into nearby bodies
of water.
严重的酸性环境还会促使有毒的
金属渗漏到附近的水体中。
?
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acme
美［＇ækmi］
记忆方法
近形联想：acme（edge，边缘）
一顶点，顶峰（顶部边缘）
n.顶点，顶峰
the highest point or stage; also :
one that represents perfection of
the thing expressed
近义 culmination, pinnacle,
zenith, climax, peak
反义 bottom,nadir
词组 the acme of his
achievement 他的成就巅峰
His calligraphy has reached the
acme of perfection.他的书法已达
到出神入化的境界。
?
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acolyte
美［＇ækəlait］
记忆方法
谐音联想：acolyte（“爱找来他
＂）一助手，随从（希望找来帮
忙的）
n.助手，随从
a person who follows and helps a
leader
近义 adherent，follower
?
He was regarded by his
followers, as something of
(i)____,not only because of his
insistence on strict discipline, but
also because of his (ii)adherence
to formal details. A. a martinet..
rigid B. an authority..sporadic C.
a tyrant.. reluctant D.a fraud..
conscientious E.an
acolyte..maniacal
To his acolytes, he is known
simply as "the Boss."
对于他的助手来说，他就只是“老
板”。
?
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acoustic
美［ə＇ku：stik］
记忆方法
谐音联想：acous（“爱哭的”）＋
tic 一声学的，听觉的（哭声容易
被听出来）
adj.声学的，听觉的
related to sound or to the sense
of hearing
近义 auditory
相关 acoustical adj.声学的；听觉
的，acoustically adv.听觉上；声
学上
词组 acoustic guitar 原声吉他
RC-陈虎平 36 套
The beauty of the experimental
design is that it effectively rules
out confounding variables;
acoustic isolation assures that
the female can respond only to
the song structure itself.
His acoustic nerve was impaired
after years' work in the noisy
workshop.在嘈杂的工厂车间里工
作多年后，他的听觉神经受到了
损伤。
?
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acquaintance
美［ə＇kweintəns］
记忆方法
近形联想： ac(=ad,，加强）＋
quaint（cognition，认知／认识）
＋ance（名词后缀）一了解，熟
悉一熟人（认识的人）
?
n.了解，熟悉
the state of being acquainted
近义 familiarity, cognizance,
awareness, conversance
相关 acquaint v.认识，了解，
acquaintanceship n.认识；相识
词组
make somebody＇s
acquaintance 与某人初
次相见
153
How explicit and consistent the
symbolizing process was
intended to be is a much thornier
matter, but anyone who has
more familiarity than a passing
acquaintance with Dutch
literature or with the kinds of
images used in illustrated books
(above all emblem books) will
know how much less pervasive
was the habit of investing
ordinary objects than of investing
scenes with meaning that go
beyond their surface and
outward appearance.
RC-No.2-No.9
Her subjects appear to be
acquaintances whom she has
asked to pose; she has captured
both their self-consciousness
and the spontaneity of their
everyday activities, the depiction
of which characterizes genre
painting.
Their acquaintance was of long
standing.他
们相识多年。
n.认识的人，泛泛之交
the persons with whom one is
acquainted
?
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acquisitive
美［ə＇kwizətiv］
记忆方法
近形联想：acqui（acquire，获
得）＋sitive-贪婪的（希望获得太
多的）
adj.贪婪的
wanting very much to buy or get
new possessons
近义 covetous, greedy,
avaricious, rapacious, avid
相关 acquisitiveness n.占有欲
词组 acquisitive of new ideas
好求新知
TC＆SE-150 必练题目
In a recent history of the
enaissance, by showing how the
artistic
efflorescence of that era was
(i)____ linked to its commercial
vitality,
Jardine demonstrated that the
spirit of acquisitiveness may be
(ii)
that of cultural
creativity.A.questionably
B.intimately C. skeptically D.
threatened by E. inseparable
from F. comparable to
We live in an acquisitive society.
我们活在一个贪婪的社会里。
?
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acrid
美［＇ækrid］
记忆方法
近形联想：acrid（acid，酸）一
辛辣的，刺鼻的（硫酸有强烈气
味）一尖刻的（比喻用法）
adj.辛辣的，刺鼻的
having a strong, bitter smell or
taste that is unpleasant
近义 pungent,tart,acid, sharp,
bitter
词组 acrid taste of pepper 胡椒的
辛辣滋味
The acrid smell carried across
the table.
一股辛辣的味道在桌子周围弥漫
开来。
adj.尖刻的
deeply or violently bitter
近义
acerbic，caustic，vitriolic，scath
ing， acrimonious
词组 acrid personality 刻薄的个
性
Her acrid remarks made her
many enemies.
她尖刻的评论使她有许多敌人。
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acrimony
美［ækrimouni］
记忆方法
近形联想：acri（acrid，辛辣的，
强烈的）＋mony→（态度、言辞
等）尖刻
n.（态度、言辞等）尖刻
harsh or biting sharpness
especially of words, manner, or
disposition
近义 mordancy， virulence，
bitterness， sarcasm
GRE 填空最新 1100 题 Section 6
easy
The company suffers from an
almost total lack of_____:even
the most innocuous
communications between
departments lend to devolve into
acrimony.A. dissension B.
variance C. comity D. conformity
E.
mordancy
?
86 hard
Although the employees' union
and company management,
entering into contract
negotiations, both issued
statements
encouraging_acrimony between
the two sides continued
unabated. A. pertinacity
B.compromise C. patience D.
civility E. comity F. steadfastness
The dispute was settled without
acrimony.
没有唇枪舌剑，这场纠纷就解决
了。
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acumen
美［＇ækjəmən］
记忆方法
近形联想：acumen（acme，尖，
顶点）一敏锐，精明（思想锐利
的）
n.敏锐，精明
the ability to think clearly and
make good decisions
近义
shrewdness，astuteness，keen
ness， discernment
词组 commercial acumen 商业
才能
?
TC&SE-OG
Like Béla Bartók, Ruth Crawford
not only brought a composer's
acumen to
the notation of folk music, she
also had a marked (i)_____the
task.This
was clear in her agonizing over
how far to try to represent the
minute
details of a performance in a
written text, and this
(ii)____makes her
work a landmark in
ethnomusicology. A. reverence
for B. detachment from
C. curiosity about D.
fastidiousness E. didacticism
F.iconoclasm
?
66 median
The cognitive flexibility of
successful fictional detectives is
often_____by their cultural
ambivalence: detectives'
intellectual acumen, it
seems,exists in direct proportion
to their uneasy place in society.
A.amplified B.highlighted
C.spurred D. matched E.
negated
Her business acumen has made
her very successful.
她灵活的经商头脑使她的生意十
分兴隆。
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acute
美［ə＇kju：t］
记忆方法
近形联想：a＋cut（切割）＋ea
＋cut（切割）＋e 一尖锐的（能
切割的）一严重的，严峻的一急
性的，强烈的一敏锐的，有洞察
力的（比喻用法）
adj.敏锐的，富有洞察力的
keenly perceptive or discerning
近义 incisive，keen，
perceptive， sensitive， astute，
insightful
188
Many animals that prey on such
spiders possess color
discrimination so acute that they,
unlike human beings, can readily
see the spiders despite the
seeming camouflage.
?
Woolf's literary models were

acute social observers like
Checkhov and Chaucer.
He is an acute observer of the
social scene.
他是个敏锐的社会现状观察者。
adj.严重的，严峻的
extremely sharp or severe
近义 crucial, critical,
urgent,severe
反义 negligible,trivial, trifling,
inconsequential
词组
an acute shortage of water 严重
缺水
There is an acute shortage of
water.
水严重短缺。
近义 severe,intense, fierce
反义
?
mild
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ad hoc
adj.临时的
fashioned from whatever is
immediately available
近义 expedient
The Council meets on an ad hoc
basis to discuss problems.议会临
时安排会议讨论问题。
adj.特别的，专设的
for the particular end or case at
hand without consideration of
wider application
近义 improvised，
extemporaneous， impromptu
?
easy
Given the (i)_____the
committees and the
(ii)_____nature of its
investigation, it would be
unreasonable to gainsay the
committee's
conclusions at first glance. A.
sterling reputation of B. lack of
finding of C.
ad hoc existence of D. superficial
E. spontaneous F. exhaustive
Ad hoc committees will be
established to solve specific
problems.专门的委员会将会被设
立来解决具体问题。
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ad-lib
adj.即兴的
spoken, composed, or performed
without preparation
近义
extemporary，impromptu，impro
vised，extemporaneous
反义
deliberate，calculated，intention
al，planned，premeditated
His ad-lib comments showed
poor judgment.
他的即席评论显得缺乏判断力。
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adamant
美［＇ædəmənt］
记忆方法
拆分联想：a（加强）＋
damant（diamond，钻石）一坚
决的（意志坚强如钻石）
adj.坚决的
unshakable or insistent
especially in maintaining a
position or opinion
近义 unrelenting，unyielding，
obstinate， obdurate， stubborn
反义
compliant，vacillating，yielding
Eva was adamant that she would
not come.
伊娃坚决不来。
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addict
美［＇ædikt］
记忆方法
联想：ad（加强）＋dic（say，
说）＋t 一使上瘾（不停地说想要
某物）一瘾君子（活用为名词）
?
n.瘾君子
person who is unable to stop
taking harmful drugs
相关 addictive adj.上瘾的，
addiction n.上瘾，痴迷
词组 a heroin／drug addict 吸食
海洛因／毒品的人
He is a heroin addict.
他是个吸海洛因成瘾的人。
v.使上瘾
to cause (someone or oneself) to
become dependent (on
something,especially a narcotic
drug)
近义 fascinate
词组 be addicted to drug／
alcohol 沉溺于毒品／酒
154
Likewise, while the naïve, novel-
addicted protagonist of Jane
Austen's Northanger Abbey,
Catherine Morland, finds history
a
chore,the sophisticated, sensible
character Eleanor Tilney enjoys it
more than she does the Gothic
fiction Catherine prefers.
He was addicted to cocaine.
他吸可卡因上瘾。
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adduce
美［ə＇du：s］
记忆方法
拆分联想：ad（加强）＋
duce（duct，引导）一举出，引
证
v.引证，举出
to offer as example, reason, or
proof in discussion or analysis
近义 cite，quote
easy
Although one can adduce myriad
of examples of ecosystem
disruption by nonindigenous
species, nevertheless most
introduced species that survive in
fact appear to have
quite_____effects on the
ecosystem they have invaded. A.
minimal B.trifling C. marked D.
conspicuous E. intriguing
F.deleterious
110
Characteristic of the diplomat's
new book is
the_____relationship between
the evidence adduced and the
inferences drawn, the footnotes
and citations teeming with
ambiguity and complexity, while
the summary statements are
more dogmatic simplicities. A.
healthy B. shifting C.tenuous D.
compelling E. plausible
Several factors have been
adduced to explain the fall in the
birth rate.有几个因素已被援引来
说明出生率降低的原因。
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adept
美［ə＇dept］
记忆方法
近形联想：ad（加强）＋
ept（expert）-熟练的（像专家一
样的）
adj.熟练的
thoroughly proficient
近义 proficient, skilled, adroit,
versed, dexterous
词组 an adept negotiator 高超的
谈判者，be adept at 熟练于，be
adept in 善于
125
While few people doubt that
captive cetaceans are adept at
imitation or that they reproduce
behaviors taught by
researchers, biologists seeking
insight into cetaceans' behavior
in their natural habitats must rely
on deduction rather than
experiments.
19 median
Computers have become adept
in rarefied domains once thought
to be uniquely human.
However,they simultaneously
have (i)_____certain tasks basic
to the human experience,
including spatial orientation and
object recognition, and in so
doing, have shown us how
(ii)_____such fundamental skills
truly are.A. failed to master B.
helped to improve C.managed to
mimic D. outmoded E. common
F. impressive
He is an adept mechanic.
他是一个熟练的机械师。
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adjourn
美［ə＇d33：rn］
记忆方法
谐音联想：adjourn（＂饿着嗯
＂）一将...延期（会议延期，不
能吃饭，大家饿着应付）
v.将...延期
to suspend indefinitely or until a
later stated time
近义
postpone，defer，delay，suspe
nd
相关 adjournment n.休会，延期
The trial has been adjourned
until next week.审判延期至下周。
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adjudicate
美［ə＇d3u：dikeit］
记忆方法
近形音联想：ad（加强）＋
judi（judge，判断）＋cate-裁决
v.裁决
to act as judge
近义 arbitrate, judge ,
mediate,referee, resolve, settle
相关 adjudication n.裁定，判决，
adjudicator n.评判员，裁定者
29 median
The author clearly supports the
causes he writes about, but he is
more a narrator than(i) ___.
Some say he should have
included more (ii)but he is wise
to let the fact speak for
themselves. They are complex
enough to prompt many kinds of
interpretation, and he would bog
down the
complicated tale if he tried to
adjudicate all of their competing
claims.A. a reporter B.an
advocate C. an adversary D.
statistical data E. analysis of
events F. detailed description
A special subcommittee
adjudicates on planning
applications.有一个特别小组委员
会裁决规划申请项目。
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adjunct
美［＇æd3ankt］
记忆方法
近形联想：ad（to，at）＋
junt（join，连接，加入）→附属
物，附件（连在上面的东西）→
助手（领导的附属物）
?
n.附属物，附件
something joined or added to
another thing but not essentially
a part of it
近义
appendage，attachment，suppl
ement，accessary
55 easy
Like all general models, island
biogeography theory
is_____reality,capturing just a
few important elements of a
system while ignoring many
others.A. an adjunct to B. an
improvement on C. a mirror of D.
a corollary to E. a simplification
of
The memory expansion cards
are useful adjuncts to the
computer.内存扩充卡是计算机很
有用的附件。
?
n.助手
an associate or assistant of
another
近义 assistant，subordinate
She has served as a principal of
a dual language school and an
assistant principal at a middle
school.
她在一所双语学校任过校长，在
一所中学做过助理校长。
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adjure
美［ə＇d3ur］
记忆方法
近形音联想：ad（加强）＋
jure（jury，裁决团）一恳求，要
求（恳请裁决团开恩）
v.恳求，要求
to urge or command (someone)
to do
something
近义
entreat，beseech，petition，imp
lore，supplicate
相关 adjuration n.祈求，命令
He adjured them to tell the truth.
他要求他们讲真话。
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admonish
美［əd＇ma：nif］
记忆方法
monish（mind，提醒）一警告，
责（强）一忠告，劝告（弱）
v.警告，责备
to express warning or
disapproval to especially in a
gentle, earnest, or solicitous
manner
近义 rebuke, chide, reprove,
reprimand, scold
相关 admonishment n.警告
His mother admonished him for
shouting.
他妈妈责备他大喊大叫。
?
v.忠告，劝告
to give friendly earnest advice or
encouragement to
近义 advise，counsel，
recommend， urge
反义 discourage，
dissuade，dishearten，dampen
?
RC-陈虎平 36 套
Rabbi Meir, a second-century
scholar, admonished his
disciples to look not at the pitcher
but at its contents because, he
stated, "Many a new pitcher has
been
found to be full of old wine.
RC-OG
Admonished by government
entomologists, farmers began to
diversify.
They admonished her to control
her spending.
他们建议她控制自己的花销。
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adore
美［ə＇do：r］
记忆方法
ore（awe，敬畏）一崇敬，爱慕
v.崇敬，爱慕
to worship or honor as a deity or
as divine;
to regard with loving admiration
and devotion
近义 worship,respect, revere,
glorify, esteem
反义
loathe,detest,abhor,abominate,
despise
相关 adorable adj.值得崇拜的，
可敬重的，adoration n.崇拜，爱
慕
词组 adore sb for sth 因某事而
敬佩某人
TC＆SE-XDF 红皮
The president's secretary and his
chief aide adored him, and both
wrote
obsessively (i)_____personal
memoirs about him;
unfortunately,
however,(ii) does not make for
true intimacy.A.devoted B.
rancorous C. fatuous D.
confidentiality E. idolatry
F.criticism
The kids adore their father and
confide in him.
孩子们崇拜并信赖他们的父亲。
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adrenaline
美［ə＇drenəlin］
记忆方法
近形联想：ad（去，往）＋
renal（肾的）＋ine→肾上腺素
n.肾上腺素
a substance produced in the
body when you are excited,
afraid or angry
相关 adrenal adj.肾上腺的
?
RC-大陆历年真题
These results are as they should
be if adrenaline affects memory
modulation by increasing blood
glucose levels.
Although the hormone adrenaline
is known to regulate memory
storage, it does not pass from
the blood into brain cells.
The excitement at the start of a
race can really get the adrenaline
flowing.起跑时的激动确实能使人
热血沸腾。
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adroit
美［ə＇droit］
记忆方法
谐音联想：adroit（“爱抓它”）一
熟练的，聪明的（练习越多，越
熟练，越聪明）
adj.熟练的，精明的，灵巧的
very clever or skillful
近义 nimble, dexterous,
deft,acumen,skilful,experienced,
adept,proficient
反义 clumsy,inept,maladroit,
bungling, awkward
词组 an adroit negotiator 谈判
老手
China's state-owned enterprises
seem less adroit at exploiting
those assets.
中国的国有企业似乎不那么善于
利用这些资产。
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adulation
美［æd3ə＇leifn］
记忆方法
近形联想：adul（adult，成年
人）＋at＋ion
一过度吹捧，谄媚（成年人之间
经常互相吹捧）
n.过度吹捧，谄媚
excessive or slavish admiration
or flattery
近义 sycophancy, flattery,
fawning, praise, compliment,
fawning
相关 adulate v.谄媚，adulatory
adj.阿谀的，奉承的
81 hard
The stars' attitudes toward their
glowing press are diametrically
opposed:some think it_____and
others take the adulation
seriously. A. flummery
B.consequential C. fanatical D.
coincidental E. sincere
The book was received with
adulation by critics.
这本书受到了评论人士的吹捧。
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adulterate
美［ə＇daltəreit］
记忆方法
拆分联想：adult（成年人）＋
erate 一掺假（成年人掺假，冒充
小孩子）
v.掺假或掺加低劣成分
to make food or drink less pure
by adding another substance of
lower quality to it
近义 contaminate, pollute, taint,
defile,spoil
反义 refine
相关
adulteration n.掺杂
It is against the law to adulterate
milk with water.
向牛奶中掺水是违法的。
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affable
美［＇æfəbl］
记忆方法
谐音联想：affa（＂爱佛＂）＋
ble-和蔼可亲的（爱佛的人往往慈
善）
adj.和蔼可亲的
being pleasant and at ease in
talking to others
近义 easygoing, genial,cordial,
hospitable, sociable, amiable
反义
irascible,testy,peevish,cantanker
ous, fractious
词组 an affable behavior 友善
的行为
?
The meeting on environmental
issues produced (i) discussion
but no commitment on a plan of
action: the many uncertainties
surrounding global climatic
change and the huge cost of
efforts to limit it made the
policymakers(ii)
___.A.little...voluble
B.heated...contentious
C.cordial...quarrelsome D.
frustrating...affable
E.interminable...businesslike
He had an affable and haughty
air, and a mouth which was
always smiling,since it did not
shut.
他的态度和蔼而高傲，有一张合
不拢的嘴，老在笑。
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adumbrate
美［＇ædəmbreit］
记忆方法
umbrate（umbrella，伞）一遮蔽
（伞能遮蔽阳光）一隐隐预示
（遮蔽住，看不清楚）
?
v.隐隐预示
to foreshadow vaguely
近义 herald, prefigure, augur,
presage, forebode, portend
The recent turmoils adumbrated
that a democratic revolution was
coming.近来的动荡预示着一场民
主革命就要来了。
?
v.遮蔽
overshadow, obscure
近义 foreshadow, obscure, cloak,
mask, veil
反义 reveal
His happy reminiscences were
adumbrated by consciousness of
something else
他快乐的回忆被一些其它事件的
意识所遮蔽。
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advent
美［＇ædvent］
记忆方法
ad（加强）＋vent（come，来）
一到来，出现
n.到来，出现
a coming into being or use
近义 coming
词组 the advent of new
technology 新技术的出现
?
22
Spurred by the advent of social
historical methods, a new
generation of historians found
Unionists interesting as
manifestations of the
Confederacy's internal
weaknesses.
73
Even with the advent of
historicist and feminist criticism,
which challenged many previous
characterizations of Austen as
detached from the major social,
political and aesthetic currents of
her time, she continued to be
distinguished from her male
contemporaries.
19 median
Until the advent of film,
commercial entertainment in
England occurred only
where concentrated urban
populations provided audiences
large enough to make it
remunerative: theaters and
music halls were (i)_____in rural
villages. But village cinemas
quicklybecome(ii)_____, even
though they were ramshackle
affairs in comparison to the
urban picture palaces.A.spartan
B.conceivable C. profitable D.
commonplace E. sophisticated
F.unfashionable
With the advent of Internet
technologies, community can be
global.随着互联网技术的出现，
社区可以是全球性的。
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adventitious
美［ædven＇tifəs］
记忆方法
ad（加强）＋vent（come，来）
＋itious 一外来的，非内在的（从
外面来的）一偶然的
（在通常地点之外出现的）
adj.外来的，非内在的
coming from another source and
not inherent or innate
近义 alien， extraneous，
external， foreign， extrinsic
反义 intrinsic，inborn， innate，
inherent ， native， indigenous
Vaccine production is in
accordance with WHO technical
specifications,including detailed
screening for adventitious
viruses.
疫苗生产遵循世卫组织技术标准，
其中包括详尽筛查外源病毒。
adj.偶然的
arising or occurring sporadically
or in other than the usual location
近义
unpremeditated，accidental，
unintentional，unexpected，fort
uitous
反义 planned， deliberate，
calculated， intentional
The jury had to confirm whether
the death was adventitious or
deliberate.陪审团需要确定该死亡
是出于偶然还是蓄意。
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adversarial
美［ædvər＇seriəl］
记忆方法
ad（加强）＋versa（verse，
转）＋rial 一敌对的，对立的（对
着转的）
adj.敌对的，对立的
involving two people or two sides
who oppose each other
近义
antagonistic，opposed，averse
， hostile， inimical
反义
compatible，consistent，congru
ous， harmonious
词组 the adversarial nature of the
two-party system 两党制的对抗
性
106
Environmental models-
mathematical representations
designed to stimulate natural
systems-are regularly used by
litigants in legal disputes over
environmental issues.
Unfortunately, the(i)____scientific
model is (ii)_____in
environmental tort litigation.
Because of the adversarial
nature of litigation, models are
often used by oneside to
(iii)_____empirical evidence
presented by the other. And
because modeling is a
particularly technical field, the
task of asserting a given model's
relevance and reliability may
exceed the abilities of judge
and juries. A. evidentiary value of
B. uncertainty inherent in C.
increasing reliance on D. avoided
E. predictive F.exacerbated
G.adduce H. obfuscate l.replicate
There has been an adversarial
relationship between government
and business in our country for a
long time.
在我国官商敌对的关系由来已久。
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advert
美［＇ædv3：rt］
记忆方法
ad（加强）＋vert（turn，转）一
吸引注意，提及（通过不断转动
引起关注）
v.引起注意，提及
to call attention in the course of
speaking or writing : make
reference
近义 allude，suggest，
mention， refer
相关 advertisement n.广告，
advertent adj.留意的
He adverted to the foreign-
language sources several times
during the conversation.
在对话中他多次提及外文资料。
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aerobes
美［＇eəroubz］
记忆方法
近形联想：aero（air，空气）＋
be（存在，
生物）＋s→需气生物
n.需气生物，需氧菌
an organism (especially a
bacterium)that requires air or
free oxygen for life
相关 aerobic adj.需氧的
The release of the carbon in

these compounds for recycling
depends almost entirely on the
action of both aerobic and
anaerobic bacteria and certain
types of fungi.
All the photosynthetic bacteria
possess the capability in addition
to various facultative aerobes
andobligate anaerobes.
所有光合细菌加上各种兼性的好
氧生物和绝对的厌氧生物具有这
种能力。
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aesthetic
美［es＇θetik］
记忆方法
a＋esthe（sense，感觉）＋ic 一
美学的，审美的，美观的（有关
美感的，美需要用心感受）
adj.美学的，审美的，美观的
of, relating to, or dealing with
aesthetics or the beautiful
近义 artistic，ornamental，
stylish，exquisite
?
37
But these poets always
approached their writing as
artists, and their motive was
aesthetic.
102
A divide between aesthetic and
technical considerations has
played a crucial role in
mapmaking and cartographic
scholarship.
Great changes have taken place
in aesthetic theories these years.
近些年来美学理论发生了重大变
化。
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affect
美［ə＇fekt］
记忆方法
拆分联想：af(=ad)+fect(=act
做）一做事产生影响一影响拆分
联想： af(=ad)+fect(=actt 做）→
表演性地做一假装
?
v.假装
to put on a pretense of
近义 assume,feign
?
In response to the follies of
today's commercial and political
worlds, the author does not(i)_
_inflamed indignation, but
rather(ii)_. the detachment and
smooth aphoristic prose of an
eighteenth-century wit.A.display..
rails at B. rely on.. avoids C.
suppress.. clings to
D.express..affects E. resort
to..spurns
Ms.Redgrave affects a heavy
Italian accent.
雷德格雷夫女士假装带有浓重的
意大利口音。
v.倾向，喜欢
to make a display of liking or
using
近义 prefer, favor
Mary affects plaid coats.
玛丽老爱穿方格呢外衣。
?
v.影响
to produce a change in
somebody or something
近义 influence
?
25
Wollstonecraft rebelled against
the copious sentimental literati
own time, which she felt
patronized women by insisting
that it w
?
advantage to affect chastity and

modesty and that such virtues
weielr own reward.
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affiliate
美［ə＇filieit］
记忆方法
拆分联想：af（ad，加强）＋
fili（son，儿子）＋ate→隶属于，
并入（成为子公司）一分支机构
?
v.隶属于，并入
to associate as a member
相关 affiliation n.友好关系；联盟
He wanted to affiliate with a U.S.
firm because he needed
professional advice in legal
affairs.
他想成为一家美国公司的会员，
因为他需要法律事务方面的专家
意见。
?
n.分支机构
an organization that is a member
of a larger organization
The World Chess Federation has
affiliates in around 120 countries.
国际象棋联合会在大约 120 个国
家设有分支机构。
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affinity
美［ə＇finəti］
记忆方法
af（＝ad，to，去）＋
fini（finish，边界）＋ty（名词后
缀）一密切关系（建立私密
n.喜爱，吸引力
an attraction to or liking for
something
近义 bent，penchant，
predilection， predisposition，
proclivity，propensity
反义 aversion， repugnance，
antipathy
148
The account of Job Leigh, the
weaver and naturalist who is
devoted to the
study of biology, vividly embodies
one kind of response to an urban
industrial environment: an affinity
for living things that hardens, by
its
very contrast with its
environment, into a kind of
crankiness.
89 hard
Paintings created in India during
the Mughal dynasty were_____in
ambition but ornamental in
presentation: in one direction
they have an affinity with
newspaper photographs, while in
the other they have the intricacy
of jewels. A. metaphorical B.
documentary C. aesthetic
D.sectarian E. baroque
We share an affinity for foreign
films.
我们都喜爱外国电影。
?
n.类似，相似
likeness based on relationship or
causal connection
近义
association，similarity，analogy
，resemblance，kinship
73
To be sure, some critics
throughout the years have
argued for Al affinities with one or
more of the male Romantic
poets.
73
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affix
美［ə＇fiks］
记忆方法
af（ad，加强）＋fix（固定）一
粘上，固定
v.粘上，固定
to attach physically
近义 fasten,attach, bind, stick,
clip
反义 detach
相关 affixation n.附加
According to the International
Postal Convention, it is not
allowed to affix stamps on its
back.
根据万国邮政公约，邮票不得贴
在明信片背面。
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affliction
美［ə＇flikfn］
记忆方法
af（ad，加强）＋flict（击打）＋
ion→折磨人的事物
n.折磨人的事物
the cause of persistent pain or
distress
近义 distress,agony, anguish,
ordeal, scourge
反义 blessing
相关
afflict v.折磨，使痛苦
70 median
People love to talk about their
commutes to and from
work:those with an easy
commute tend to (i)_____, while
those who hate their commute
think and speak of it as a core
affliction, like a chronic illness.
Once you raise the subject,the
testimonies pour out, and, if your
ears are tuned to it, you begin
overhearing commute talk
everywhere. People who are
normally
(ii)_____may,when describing
their
commutes, be
unexpectedly(iii)_____divulging
the intimate details of their
lives.A.
grumble B. commiserate C. gloat
D. inattentive E. garrulous F.
circumspect
G.candid in H. economical in I.
flustered about
Both live or die are affliction for
such a underachiever like me.
对于像我这样的学渣而言，活着
或者死去都是一种折磨。
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affluent
美［＇æfluant］
记忆方法
af（ad，加强）＋fluent（flow，
流动）→丰富的，富裕的（富得
流油的）
adj.丰富的，富裕的
flowing in abundance
近义 abundant, sufficient,
opulent, prosperous, wealthy
反义
insufficient, scanty, scarce,
sparse, inadequate
相关 affluence n.富裕；丰富
词组 a very affluent
neighbourhood 富人区
?
In television programming, a later
viewing time often ( i). a more (ii)
_____audience and, therefore,
more challenging subjects and
themes.A. requires.. critical
B.evinces.. affluent C.implie..
mature D.eliminates..realistic
E.invites..general
Most people in the world are not
affluent,
and their food budgets are
limited.
而事实是，世界上大多数人并不
富裕，他们的食物消费还很拮据。
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afloat
美［ə＇flout］
记忆方法
近形联想：a（加强）＋float
（漂）→漂浮的
adj.漂浮的
in a floating position or condition
近义 buoyant
RC- No.2-No.9
The balloon, a transparent
structure that varies in design
according to the type of
appendicularian inhabiting it, also
protects
the animal and helps to keep it
afloat.
Life jackets can help them to stay
afloat while the boat sinks.
救生衣能帮助他们在船沉了之后
也能漂浮着。
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agglomerate
美［ə＇gla：məreit］
记忆方法
近形联想：ag（ad，加强）＋
glomer（globe，球）＋ate-聚集
（像球一样堆积在一起的）
v.聚集
to gather into a ball, mass, or
cluster
近义 gather, aggregate, cluster,
amass, accumulate, compile
反义 dissipate
相关 agglomeration n.凝聚；结块，
agglomerative adj.成团的，结块
的
These small particles soon
agglomerated together which
surprised all the researchers.
这些微小的粒子很快具体到一起，
这令所有研究者吃惊。
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aggrandize
美［ə＇græn，daiz］
记忆方法
ag（ad，加强）＋grand（大）＋
ize→增加，增大一夸耀（增大某
人的声誉）
?
v.增加，扩张
to make great or greater
近义 enlarge， magnify，
increase， boost， expand
This ambitiousking tried hard to
prepare for the coming war in
order to aggrandize his territory.
这位雄心勃勃的国王为了扩张自
己的领地努力准备战争。
?
v.夸耀
to make appear great or greater :
praise highly
近义 show off， boast， brag，
overstate
反义 relegate， disparage，
demean ， belittle， deprecate
?
42 hard
Viewing people as "social atoms"
that obey
rather simple rule (which are not
unlike the laws of physics), one
may discover certain
(i)_____.Take, for example, the
way channels emerge when
people move in crowds. In the
midst of initially
(ii)_____movements, one person
begins to follow another -in an
effort to avoid collisions-and
streams of movement emerge.As
more people join in, there is
greater pull on others to join the
flow, and the particular channels
become (iii)_____.A.apparent
contradictions B.unproductive
tendencies C. lawlike regulations
D. inflexible E.straightforward
F.chaotic G.self-defeating H. self-
aggrandizing l.self-perpetuating
62 easy
The motives of many major
investors in Pop Art have
arguably been to a large extent,
(i)____.These collectors
demonstrate and enhance their
power over
the art market by establishing
seemingly arbitrary wor' rt as
priceless. This phenomenon
reveals that (ii)_____is
not(iii)_.truth or beauty, but
simply a trick of investment
capital. A. visiol ambiguous
C.self-aggrandizing D. value E.
virtuosity F.originality G.a product
H. an inversion l. a limitation
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aggravate
美［＇ægrəveit］
记忆方法
ag（ad，加强）＋grav（grave，
坟墓）＋ate→使恶化，加剧（使
接近坟墓）一激怒，使恼火（使
情绪恶化）
?
v.使恶化，加剧
to make more serious or severe
近义 exacerbate, exasperate,
worsen, compound, intensify,
augment,worsen
反义 alleviate, assuage, mitigate,
allay , moderate, soothe
相关 aggravation n.恶化
?
105
The environmental threat posed
by the New Zealand mud snail,
an invasive species, is_____by
the snail's small size, which
facilitates its spread across
watersheds through human
activity. A. initiated B.
ameliorated C.exacerbated D.
extenuated E. mitigated
F.aggravated
Caffeine can aggravate certain
heart problems.
咖啡因会加重某些心脏问题。
v.激怒，使恼火
to rouse to displeasure or anger
by usually persistent and often
petty goading
近义 irritate，nettle，
pique，annoy，
bother，provoke
反义 appease, conciliate,
placate, lull, mollify
What aggravates you most about
this country?
该国的哪一点让你最恼火？
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aggrieve
美［ə＇griv］
记忆方法
近形联想：ag（ad，加强）＋
grieve
（grief，悲伤）一使痛苦（令人
悲伤）
v.使痛苦
to give pain or trouble to
近义 distress, afflict,torment,
torture
反义
soothe, calm, appease,
conciliate, propitiate
相关
aggrieved adj.苦恼的，怨念的
He felt aggrieved at not being
chosen for the team.
他因没被选到队里感到愤愤不平。
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aghast
美［ə＇gæst］
记忆方法
近形联想：a（加强）＋
ghast（ghost，鬼）一惊恐的，
惊骇的（像见到鬼一样的）
adj.惊恐的，惊骇的
struck with terror, amazement, or
horror
近义 startled，appalled，
astonished， stunned， horrified
Database mavens will no doubt
be aghast at this apparent
retrograde into mainframe
history.
数据库专家无疑会惊骇于这种向
大型计算机历史的明显倒退。
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agility
美［ə＇d3iliti］
记忆方法
谐音联想：agil（“爱抓”）＋ity-敏
捷（小鸟喜欢练习抓虫，动作敏
捷）
n.敏捷
the quality or state of being agile
近义 nimbleness,litheness,
suppleness, swiftness
相关 agile adj.灵活的，敏捷的
RC-陈虎平 36 套
But people exhibit a great variety
of qualities-"itelligence, physical
strength, agility and grace,
artistic creativity, mechanical
skill,leadership,endurance,
memory, psychological insight,
the capacity for hard work-even
moral strength,sensitiviy, the
ability to express compassion.
Agility, flexibility, and balance all
help us avoid bumping into
things.灵活性、适应性，和平衡
都帮助我们避免碰到东西。
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agitate
美［＇æd3iteit］
记忆方法
agit(=act,，行动）＋ate（动词后
缀）一煽动，鼓动一使焦虑（煽
动使人焦虑，大部分人喜欢安
逸）
v.煽动，鼓动
to attempt to arouse public
feeling
近义 instigate，stir，provoke，
prompt，incite
反义 dissuade， deter，
discourage
His family are agitating to get him
freed.
他的家人在多方鼓动试图将他释
放。
v.使焦虑
to excite and often trouble the
mind or feelings of
近义
bother,discomfort,discompose,
perturb, upset, fluster
反义 calm,compose,soothe,
tranquilize , mollify,lull
相关 agitated adj.激动的
The thought of their getting her
possessions when she dies
agitates her.一想到他们可能会在
她死后得到她的财产，她就心绪
不安。
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agitprop
美［＇æd3itpra：p］
记忆方法
近形联想：agit（agitate，煽
动）＋prop（propaganda，宣
传）一煽动宣传
n.煽动宣传
political propaganda
相关 agitate v.煽动，propaganda
n.宣传
?
The English-language theater
has provided elements as well:
Valdez himself has
acknowledged his debt to the
agitprop socialist theater that
appeared in the United States
during the 1920's and 1930's.
?
In particular, his actos contain
the same assortment of
semiallegorical characters and
the same blend of music, chorus,
and dialogue found in some of
the agitprop pieces, as well as
the same fierce spirit of
social and political critique.
One must learn to weed out
incendiary polemics and agitprop
from the whirling online
maelstrom to become an
informed and thoughtful citizen.
人们应该学会如何从激烈的网络
漩涡中剔除煽动性的巧言令色及
宣传伎俩、并成为一个消息灵通
且有独立见解的公民。
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agonize
美［＇ægənaiz］
记忆方法
谐音联想：agon（agony，痛
苦）＋ize→（使）感到极度痛苦
（精神或肉体上的伤痛）
v.（使）感到极度痛苦
( to cause ) to suffer agony,
torture, or anguish
近义 torture， afflict， anguish，
suffer
He agonized about what he was
doing.
他为自己的所做作为感到痛苦。
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agrarian
美［ə＇greriən］
记忆方法
agra（＝agro，土地）＋rian→土
地的，农业的
adj.土地的，农业的
of or relating to fields or lands or
their tenure
近义 agricultural， farming
81
While the extent of these
reformers' influence requires
more study, their organizations
provided a voice for African
American farmers seeking to
improve their positions in the
agrarian South.
TC&SE-OG
The government has no choice
but to (i)_____the incessant
demands for land reform, and yet
any governmental action that
initiated land reform without
requisite attention to agrarian
reform would (ii)_____the overall
goal of economic modernization.
A. anticipate B. heed C. silence
D.delineate E. condone F.
compromise
Until recently, anthropologists
believed that evolutionary
pressure on humans eased after
the transition to a more stable
agrarian lifestyle.人类学家一直认
为在我们进入到相对稳定的农耕
社会后，人类的进化压力
减小了。
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ailment
美［＇eilmənt］
记忆方法
近形联想：ail（ill，病）＋ment-
小病
n.小病
a bodily disorder or chronic
disease
近义 disorder，sickness
TC&SE-Princeton
Most fans dismissed the press
release detailing the comedian's
ill health as a hoax, as she had
frequently______her audience
by feigning a physical ailment as
part of her stage routine.
A.reconnoitered
B. hoodwinked C.lambasted D.
vitiated E.derided
A small ailment is a blessing.
小病是福。
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airborne
美［＇erbo：rn］
记忆方法
拆分联想：air（空气）＋
borne（born，产生）一空中传播
的
adj.空中传播的
carried by or through the air
词组 airborne viruses 空气传播
的病毒
72
Airborne soot and dirt from the
impact
blanketed Earth, inhibiting
photosynthesis and triggering
mass extinction of species.
For example,the spiral

arrangement of scale-bract
complexes on ovule-bearing pine
cones,where the female
reproductive organs of conifers
are located, is important to the
production of airflow patterns that
spiral over the cone's surfaces,
thereby passing airborne pollen
from one scale to the next.
There is no evidence that the
disease is airborne.
目前并无证据显示疾病是由空气
传播。
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akin
美［ə＇kin］
记忆方法
拆分联想：a（加强）＋kin（亲
属）一类似的（有血源关系，长
得像）
adj.类似的
essentially similar, related, or
compatible
近义
kindred，similar，comparable，
parallel，analogous
The (i)_____ of drummer Art
Blakey was akin to a university
education in jazz, as (ii)_____by
the plethora of successful
musicians who benefited from
playing with him. A. nuance B.
virtuosity C. tutelage D. recanted
E.decried F.evidenced
Listening to his life story is akin
to reading a good adventure
novel.听他的人生故事犹如阅读一
本精彩的冒险小说。
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alacrity
美［ə＇lækrəti］
记忆方法
近形联想：alac（alive，活力）
＋rity-敏捷（有活力的状态）一乐
意（活蹦乱跳地欣然接受）
?
n.乐意
cheerful readiness
近义 willingness, readiness,
eagerness
They accepted the offer with
alacrity.
他们欣然接受了建议。
?
n.敏捷
promptness in response
近义 promptness, agility
She sprang to the door with
alacity.
她敏捷地跳到门口。
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albeit
美［o：l＇bi：it］
记忆方法
近形联想：albeit（although，尽
管）一尽管
conj.尽管
even though,although
64
Gaskell also portrayed Bronte as
irreproachably proper, incapable
of "unladylike" feelings or
dangerous views; this was at
variance with the subversive
spirit Matthew Arnold accurately
discerned, albeit with distance,
deep within Bronte's fiction.
RC-150 必练题目
They strongly suggest that the
neu-trino has mass, albeit an
infinitesimal amount.
I hate him albeit he helped me.
尽管他帮助过我，可是我还是恨
他。
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algae
美［＇æld3i：］
记忆方法
近形联想：algae（allergic，过敏
的）一藻类（很多人对藻类过
敏）
n.藻类
primitive organisms lacking true
stems and roots and leaves
48
The larvae must feed during their
trip, and their springtime release
coincides with a peak in algae
raining down from surface
waters.
123
Biologist know that some marine
algae can create clouds by
producing the gas dimethyl
sulphide (DMS), which reacts
with oxygen in air above the sea
to form solid particles.
123
Algae may also benefit from
nitrogen raining down from
clouds they have helped to form.
12 easy
An abundance of nutrient-rich
pollution in estuaries causes
algae to_much as houseplants
grow better when their soil
contains added fertilizer.A.
abound B. proliferate C.stagnate
D. coalesce E. collect F. diversify
Some of the algae are edible.
有些藻类是可以吃的。
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alien
美［＇eiliən］
记忆方法
谐音联想：alien（“爱邻”）一外国
的，陌生的（对待陌生人象对待
邻居的）一外星人（活用为名
词）
adj.外国的，陌生的
from another country; strange
and frightening
近义 foreign, unfamiliar , exotic
相关 alienate v.疏远
词组 an alien environment 陌生
的环境
?
TC＆SE-XDF 红皮
The feminist poet's extremely
explicit and witty diatribes
against social
convention were so
thoroughly_____ other writers
that her idiosyncratic
brand of rebellion eventually
became the convention of her
time. A.
inimical to B.alien to C. emulated
by D. resented by E.
misunderstood by
80 median
Each new generation of students
grow up (i)_ the world of
classical
physics, with its mostly intuitive,
billiard-
ball causality; that is the
everyday vantage from which we
approach the alien world of
quantum
physics,which has for this reason
never lost its air of (ii)__.A.
immersed in B. disdainful of C.
unmoved by D. verisimilitude E.
objectivity
F.radicalism
In a world that had suddenly
become alien and dangerous, he
was her only security.
在一个突然变得陌生而危险的世
界里，他是她唯一的守护神。
?
n.外星人
a creature from another world
Although we have yet to detect
an alien directly, improvements ir
technology have encouraged us
to think that, if they really exist
space, we might soon find them.
?
尽管我们还没有直接发现外星人，
可是技术上的进步鼓励我们去思
考，如果外星人真的在太空存在，
那么我们就可能很快会发现它们。
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alienate
美［＇eiliəneit］
记忆方法
alien（foreign，外来的）＋ate-
使疏远（当作外人）
v.使疏远
to make unfriendly, hostile, or
indifferent especially where
attachment formerly existed
近义 estrange,disaffect, detach,
turn away
相关 alien adj.陌生的；外国的，
alienation n.
疏远，离间
Marshall's confrontational style
could alienate almost anyone: he
even antagonized a board of
directors that included a number
of his supporters and that had a
reputation for not being
easily____A.intimidated
B.mollifiedC. reconciled D.
provoked E. motivated
Be prepared to lose friends or
alienate other people if youinsist
on being stubborn.
如果你顽固不化，你可能会失去
朋友或是疏远别人。
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all-important
adj.至关重要的
of the greatest importance
近义 vital， essential，
indispensable， crucial，
momentous
反义 inconsequential，
irrelevant， negligible， trivial，
trifling
You may consider it useless, but
for our customers it's an all-
important sign of good service.
您也许会认为这样毫无用处，可
是对于我们的客户而言，它却是
优质服务的重要体现。
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allay
美［ə＇lei］
记忆方法
拆分联想：al（加强）＋lay（放
下）一减
轻，缓解（放下负担）
v.减轻，缓解
to subdue or reduce in intensity
or severity
近义 mitigate，
mollify，palliate， alleviate，
assuage
反义
aggravate，intensify，magnify，
augment， escalate
China could also allay its fears
about energy, food and military
security with the money.
中国还可以用这笔钱减轻自己在
能源、食品还有国防上的担忧。
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allegiance
美［ə＇li：d3əns］
记忆方法
谐音联想：allegiance（＂我力战
死＂）→忠诚，效忠（为了祖国
我会力战而死）
n.忠诚，效忠
devotion or loyalty to a person,
group, or cause
近义 commitment, dedication,
faithfulness, loyalty,fidelity
反义 infidelity,perfidiousness,
treachery
相关 allegiant adj.忠实的；忠心
的
词组 an oath of allegiance 效忠
宣誓
55
He correctly credits third parties
with helping generate the
nineteenth century's historically
high rates of voter turnout by
forcing major parties to bolster
supporters' allegiance, lest minor
parties siphon off their votes,and
with pushing policy demands that
the majorparties ignored.
?
Because the candidate had
switched his party allegiance
immediately before the
campaign, his former associates
called him a (i)_____,and even
his new allies considered him an
(ii)_____.A.strategist B. deserter
C.prophet D. interloper E.
imbecile F. opportunist
The soldiers swore allegiance to
their motherland.
士兵们宣誓效忠于他们的祖国。
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allegory
美［＇æləgo：ri］
记忆方法
近形联想：alleg（allege，宣称，
讲）＋ory
（story，故事）一寓言（讲故事，
说道理）
n.寓言
the expression by means of
symbolic fictional figures and
actions of truths or
generalizations about human
existence
近义 fable
相关 allegorical adj.寓言的，有寓
意的
The shift in values from mother
to son can also be viewed as
allegory for our own nation's
continuing cultural shift.
从母亲到儿子的价值观转变也可
以看成是有关我们民族持续的文
化转变的一个寓言。
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alleviate
美［ə＇li：vieit］
记忆方法
al（加强）＋levi（levy，提升，
举起）＋ate-减轻，缓解（举起减
轻压力）
v.减轻，缓解
to make less painful, difficult, or
severe
近义 mitigate，allay，assuage，
mollify，palliate， soothe
反义 aggravate， exacerbate ，
augment，magnify，inflame
?
RC-OG
Mar-5 tin therefore hypothesized
that adding iron to iron-poor
regions of the ocean could help
alleviate global warming.
56 easy
To pay for the extra spending
under this international poverty
plan,each American would have
to contribute less than the cost of
buying a premium cup of coffee
once a week. But financial aidis
not (i)_____, and even if the
funding recommended here
were to (ii)_____, the grandest
objectives may well remain
unfulfilled. Nonetheless, carefully
targeted aid can reward
responsible governments,
(iii)_____individual initiative, and
alleviate suffering. Many will
think that's worth of a cup of
coffee. A. an impediment B.a
panacea C. a malady D. be
insufficient E. recede F.
materialize G.obviate H.temper
l.encourage
A number of measures were
taken to alleviate the problem.采
取了一系列措施缓解这个问题。
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allude
美［ə＇lu：d］
记忆方法
al（ad，to）＋lud（play，扮
演）一间接提到，暗指（扮演角
色表达）
v.间接提到，暗指
to make indirect reference
近义
hint，imply，insinuate，intimate
， suggest， refer
相关 allusion n.暗示，提及
He alluded to the problem in his
speech.
他在演说中间接提及此问题。
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allure
美［ə＇lur］
记忆方法
al(=ad,to)+luread，to）＋lure
（诱惑）一诱惑，引诱一魅力，
吸引力（动词活用为名词）
v.诱惑，引诱
to entice by charm or attraction
近义 charm,captivate,fascinate,
enchant, seduce, tempt
相关 allurement n.诱惑
Promises of quick profits allure
the unwary investor.
快速收益的承诺吸引了这名不谨
慎的投资者。
?
n.魅力，吸引力
power of attraction or fascination
近义
charm，appeal，enticement，
lure， temptation
Having no sense of moral
obligation, Shipler was as little
subject to
the(i)_____of conscience after
he acted as he was motivated by
its(ii)_ _before he acted.
A.rewards.. chastisement B.
balm..eloquence
C. reproaches.. prompting
D.ridicule..allure E.
qualms..atonement
?
92 easy
The wonder of Amy Chapman
was her____, her tenacious
devotion to certain causes. A.
subtle allure B. refractory
willfulness C. obstinate self-
regard D. brazen hubris E.
staunch fealty
These rare books hold special
allure for collectors.
这些稀少的书籍对收藏者而言拥
有特殊的魅力。
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aloft
美［ə＇l：ft］
记忆方法
近形联想：a(=ad,to)
+loft(lift（lift，提升）一在空中高
处
adv.在空中
in the air; especially : in flight (as
in an airplane)
近义 overhead
The balloon went aloft.
气球升向天空。
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aloof
美［ə＇lu：f］
记忆方法
近形联想：a(=ad,to)
+loof(looad，to）＋
loof（loose，松开）一远离的，
冷漠的
adj.远离的，冷漠的
removed or distant either
physically or emotionally
近义 distant， indifferent， offish
， callous， apathetic
反义 tender, solicitous, attentive,
considerate
词组 keep／hold
（yourself）aloof 不参与；远离
?
RC-OG
Voltaire's book commanded a
wide audience, according to
Feingold,
because "he was neither a
mathematician nor a physicist,
but a literary
giant aloof from the academic
disputes over Newtonian ideas.
The aloof composer neither
worried nor cared about public
opinions.这位超然的作曲家对舆
论既不担心，也不在意。
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altruistic
美［æltro＇istik］
记忆方法
altr（＝alter，other，他人）＋
uist＋ic（形容词后缀）一无私的，
利他的（为了他人的）
adj.无私的，利他的
unselfish regard for or devotion
to the
welfare of others
近义
benevolent,charitable,philanthrop
ic, humanitarian
反义 selfish,egoistic, egocentric,
self-absorbed, narcissistic
相关 altruism n.利他主义
词组 altruistic personality 利他人
格
His motives for helping the poor
were not completely altruistic.
他帮助穷人的动机并非完全是无
私的。
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alumina
美［ə＇lu：mine］
记忆方法
alumina（aluminum，铝）一氧
化铝
n.氧化铝，矾土
the oxide of aluminum
相关 aluminum n.铝
The aluminum silicates are

therefore generally unsuitable
alternatives to bauxite because
considerably more energy is
required to extract alumina from
them.
C-No.2-No.9
Bauxite is the richest of all those
aluminous rocks that occur in
large quantities, and it yields
alumina, the intermediate
product required for the
production of aluminum.
RC- No.2-No.9
Alumina also occurs naturally as
the mineral corundum, but
corundum is not found in large
deposits of high purity, and
therefore it is an impractical
source for
making aluminum.
Alumina is really stable, which is
why it takes so much energy to
make aluminum.
氧化铝相当稳定，这就是为什么
需要消耗大量的能量制造铝了。
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aluminum
美［ə＇lju：minəm］
记忆方法
谐音联想：a＋lum（“铝”）＋
inium（化学元素后缀）→铝
n.铝
a silver-white metal that is very
light and is used to make
cans,cooking pans,window
frames etc.
RC-No.2-No.9
The best aluminum ore is
bauxite, defined as aggregates of
aluminous minerals, more or less
impure, in which aluminum is
present as hydrated oxides.
Aluminum is a kind of light silvery
metal.
铝是一种轻薄并呈银色的金属。
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amalgam
美［ə＇mælgəm］
记忆方法
malgam（mingle，混合）一混合
物
n.混合物
a mixture of different elements
近义 coalescence， blend，
fusion，
meld， synthesis
相关
amalgamatev.（使）合并
?
Nineteenth-century scholars, by
examining earlier geometric
Greek art,
found that classical Greek art
was not a magical(i)_ or a
brilliant(ii)_ blending Egyptian
and Assyrian art, but was
independently evolved by Greeks
in Greece. A. stratagem..
appropriation B.
exemplar..synthesis C.
conversion..annexation D.
paradigm.. construct E.
apparition..amalgam
17 median
Doris Kearns Goodwin's elegant,
incisive study of
Lincoln_____those whose
knowledge of Lincoln is an
amalgam of high school history
and popular mythology as well as
those who are experts. A. gratify
B.entice C.inspire D. confuse E.
perplex F.please
The language they speak is an
amalgam of Spanish and
English.他们所说的语言是一种西
班牙语和英语的混合。
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amass
美［ə＇mæs］
记忆方法
a（to，加强）＋mass（一团）一
积聚（聚成一团）
v.积聚
to collect into a mass
近义 accumulate, gather ,
assemble, compile
反义 dissipate, vanish,
evaporate, disperse, deplete
相关 amassment n.积累
词组 amass a fortune 积累财富
GRE 阅读最新 200 篇 Passage 7
Further, this pejorative view

underrates the biographies value
as chronicles:Mather amassed
all sorts of published and
unpublished documents as
sources, and his selection of key
events shows a marked
sensitivity to the nature of the
colony's development.
55 easy
Wolosky claims that Ella Wheeler
Wilcox joined other women poets
such as Julia Ward Howe,
Frances Harper, and Charlotte
Perkins Gilman in critiquing
materialism
and possessive individualism.
Wolosky's description
(i)_____the poetry of Gilman,
Howe, and Harper, but it is not
entirely (ii)_____in the case of
Wilcox, who hardly (iii)_____the
materialism of her time. Rather,
Wilcox seems to have embraced
the amassing of private property.
A. fits B. conflates C.
misinterprets D. apt E. puzzling
F.uncommon G.reflected H.
countenanced I. impugned
The new services will help
Facebook amass even more
data on its users'tastes.
新的服务有助于 Facebook 积累更
多的用户偏好的数据。
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ambivalent
美［æm＇bivələnt］
记忆方法
ambi（both）＋valent（valid，
效力）一矛盾的（两边都有道理
的）一犹豫不决的（两边都有道
理，难以判断）
adj.矛盾的，犹豫不决的
having or showing very different
feelings (such as love and hate)
about someone or something at
the same time
近义 contradictory，
dichotomous， paradoxical，
equivocal ， evasive
相关 ambivalence n.矛盾，犹豫
不决
During their famous clash, Jung
was ambivalent about Freud, so
he attacked the father of modern
psychoanalysis even as
he_____him.A.enlightened
B.chastened C.revered D.
despised E. understood
The senator's remark that she is
ambivalent about running for a
second
term is (i) given the extremely(ii)
___fund-raising activities
of her campaign committee. A.
disingenuous.. Reluctant
B.futile..
Clandestine C. sincere.. Visible
D. persuasive.. Apathetic E.
straightforward..Energetic
RC-陈虎平 36 套
In the nineteenth century,
photography's association with
the real world placed it in an
ambivalent relation to art; late in
the twentieth century,an
ambivalent relation exists
because of the Modernist
heritage in art.
He maintained an ambivalent
attitude to the Church throughout
his long life.
在他漫长的一生中，他对基督教
信仰始终是一种摇摆不定的态度。
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amble
美［＇æmbl］
记忆方法
近形联想：amble（around，附
近）一缓行，漫步（在附近蹓
跶）
v.缓行，漫步
to walk slowly in a free and
relaxed way
近义 stroll， dawdle， saunter，
wander， ramble
反义 stride
We ambled along in front of the
houses.
我们在房子前面漫步。
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ameliorate
美［ə＇mi：liəreit］
记忆方法
melior（million，百万，多）＋
ate-改善（使增多）
v.改善
to make better or more tolerable
近义 improve，enhance，
refine， boost， augment
反义 exacerbate，compound，
worsen， intensify
?
RC-Princeton
Madison argued, alternatively, for
ameliorating the effects of
factions by enlarging the
population of the country and
thus diluting their influence.
Steps have been taken to
ameliorate the
situation.
已经采取措施以改善局面。
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amenable
美［ə＇mi：nəbl］
记忆方法
men（mend，改正）＋able 一顺
从的（愿意改正的）
adj.顺从的
readily brought to yield, submit,
or cooperate
近义
obedient，compliant，acquiesce
nt， docile， submissive
反义 intransigent, intractable,
obdurate,unruly,unyielding,unco
mpromising
TC&SE -Magoosh_Hard
That we can, from a piece of art,
(i)_____the unconscious urges of
the artist-urges that remain
hidden even from the artist
himself-will remain a(n) (ii)_____
issue, as it is one (iii)_____
empirical analysis: we can never
definitively know what is
submerged deep inside the
artist's psyche, let alone
reconcile any such revelations
with the artist's work. A. derive
B.appreciate C.subvert
D.practical E. intractable
F.unambiguous G.easily
subjected to H. not readily
amenable to l. likely to be
resolved by
They had three very amenable
children.
他们有三个很听话的孩子。
?
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amendment
美［ə＇mendmənt］
记忆方法
近形联想：amend（修改）＋
ment（名词后缀）→修正
n.修正，修改，修正案
a change or improvement that is
made to a law or a document
近义 correction，emendation
词组 the Fourteenth Amendment
美国宪法第 14 修正案，to
introduce／propose／table an
amendment 提出一项修正案
71
The Fourteenth Amendment to
the United States Constitution,
ratified in 1868,prohibits state
governments from
denying citizens the "equal
protection of the laws.
71
Yet for the first eight decades of
the amendment's existence, the
Supreme Court's interpretation of
the amendment betrayed this
ideal of equality.
Parliament passed the bill
without further amendment.议会
未作进一步修改便通过了法案。
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amiable
美［＇eimiəbl］
记忆方法
谐音联想：ami（“艾米＂，爱）
＋able-和蔼
可亲的，令人愉悦的
adj.和蔼可亲的，令人愉悦的
being friendly, sociable, and
congenial
近义 affable, amicable, cordial,
genial
反义
aloof，chilly，frigid，indifferent
， apathetic
相关 amiability n.可爱；和蔼可亲，
amiably adv.亲切地；和蔼可亲地
The driver was an amiable young
man.
司机是位友善的年轻人。
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amicable
美［＇æmikəbl］
记忆方法
谐音联想：ami（＂艾米＂，爱）
＋cable→
友好的
adj.友好的
characterized by friendly goodwill
近义
cordial，amiable，genial，easy-
going，affable
反义
antagonistic，hostile，spiteful，
malevolent，rancorous
The amicable flash of her white
teeth was very impressive.她友善
地露齿一笑，给人很深刻的印象。
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amiss
美［ə＇mis］
记忆方法
谐音联想：a（加强）＋miss（过
失）一有错
误的
adj.有错误的
faulty,imperfect
近义 flawed,erroneous,awry
Let's go one step deeper in the
algorithm here and see i
something is amiss.
让我们深入一步考察这个算法，
看看是否有地方出了问题。
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ammonia
美［ə＇mouniə］
记忆方法
谐音联想：am（“俺”“氨”）＋
monia 一氨（俺家厕所的强烈气
味）
n.氨
a pungent gas compounded of
nitrogen and hydrogen
词组 ammonia synthesis 氨合成
124
Sagan and Mullen suggested in
the 1970s that ammonia, a
greenhouse gas, warmed early
Earth's atmosphere, but
subsequent research showed
that the Sun's ultraviolet rays
rapidly destroy ammonia in an
oxygen-free environment, such
as that of early Earth.
RC-No.2-No.9
A huge rate of mass loss (1 M
every 10,000 years) has been
deduced from infrared
observations of ammonia (NH3)
molecules located in the
circumstellar cloud around
IRC+10216.
Tests of the manure showed a
high ammonia content.
这种肥料经过化验表明氨的含量
很高。
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amnesia
美［æm＇ni：3ə］
记忆方法
近形联想：a（not）＋
mne（mind，思想）＋sia（疾
病）一健忘症（没有任何思想的
疾病）
n.健忘症
partial or total loss of memory,
usually resulting from shock,
psychological disturbance, brain
injury, or illness
RC- No.2-No.9
RC- No.2-No.9
It came to be regarded as a poor
agent for amnesia studies,
although, of
course, it was poor only in the
context of our original paradigm
of
protein-synthesis inhibition.
?
RC-Magoosh_Medium
The researchers suggest that
during REM sleep we may be
more open to influence from the
stimuli in our surroundings, but
so-called "dream amnesia"--
which makes us forget most of
our dreams-- may operate on
any conditioning occurring in that
stage of sleep.
This new discovery helps
amnesiacs keep their memory.
这一新的发现有助于遗忘症患者
保持记忆。
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amorphous
美［ə＇mo：rfas］
记忆方法
拆分联想：a（not）＋
morph（form，shape，形状）＋
ous-无固定形状的
adj.无固定形状的
having no defiite form
近义 formless,shapeless,
indefinite, vague, nebulous
词组 an amorphous mass 杂乱
的一团
?
RC-陈虎平 36 套
In contrast, molten nonmetallic
glass-forming materials, when
cooled, do not assume a
crystalline structure, but instead
retain a structure somewhat like
that of the iquid--an amorphous
structure.
60 easy
The evil of class and race hatred
must be eliminated while it is
still____state; otherwise, it may
grow to dangerous
proportions. A.an amorphous
B.an overt C. a rudimentary D. a
threatening E. an independent
F.an embryonic
It is an amorphous colorless or
white powder.
它是一种无定形的无色或白色粉
末。
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ample
美［＇æmpl］
记忆方法
近形联想：ample（apple，苹
果）一足够的，充足的（苹果高
产的）
adj.足够的，充足的
generous or more than adequate
in size, scope, or capacity
近义 abundant, sufficient,
profuse, plentiful, copious,
bountiful
反义
scanty, meager, sparse, paltry,
inadequate
相关 amplify v.放大
词组 ample evidence 充分的证
据
?
35 median
For the urban researcher, the
long lives of ancient cities can
provide ample chronological
data, making up for the paucity
stemming from relative_____of
most present-day cities. A.
complexity B. formlessness
C.transparency D. diversity E.
youthfulness
110
There is ample evidence that
men and women think, express
themselves,and even experience
emotions differently, but in the
area of sensory perception,
psychologists are hard-pressed
to identify
major_____.A.difficulties B.
innovations C. discrepancies D.
challenges E. incongruities
F.trends
There was ample time to get to
the airport.
有足够的时间到达机场。
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anachronistic
美［ə，nækrə＇nistik］
记忆方法
谐音联想：ana（against）＋
chron（time，时间）＋istic 一过
时的（和现在时间相悖的）一时
代错误的（和时间相悖的）
adj.过时的
out of date or old-fashioned
近义 old-fashioned, outmoded,
obsolete, antiquated, archaic
反义 fashionable， stylish，
modish， chic， voguish
There is a politician whose
values seem somewhat
anachronistic.这个政客的价值观
看起来有些过时了。
adj.时代错误的
something that is mistakenly
placed in a time where it does
not belong in a story,movie,etc.
Modern historical criticism rejects
that and says that's wildly
anachronistic.
现代历史批判反对这点，认为那
是严重的时代错误。
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analgesia
美［ænəl＇d3i：3ə］
记忆方法
谐音联想：a（not）＋alge（“挨
针”，pain，疼痛）＋sia（疾病）
一痛觉缺失
n.痛觉缺失
insensitivity to pain without loss
of consciousness
相关 analgesic adj.止痛的
These anions can serve as
analgesia and eliminate fatigue.
这些负离子可以起到镇痛和消除
疲劳的作用。
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analogous
美［ə＇næləgəs］
记忆方法
拆分联想：ana（through，通
过）＋logo（logos，逻辑）＋us
一类似的（通过类比逻辑）
adj.类似的
similar in some way
近义
comparable,akin, alike, parallel,
equivalent
相关 analogy n.类似，相似
?
RC-陈虎平 36 套
Researchers are finding that in
many ways an individual
bacterium is more analogous to a
component cell of a multicellular
organism than it is to a free-
living, autonomous organism.
?
14 easy
Gravitational waves-ripples in the
geometry of space-time-are
analogous to electromagnetic
waves. The challenge in trying to
observe these waves directly is
that they are extremely weak. To
make waves large enough to be
(i)_____, the most
(ii)_____events in the universe
are required:supernova
explosions, the formation of
black holes, or the collision of
stars. Even so, the effects are
(iii)_____.The geometry changes
so little that a distance of several
kilometers changes by less than
the diameter of a proton. A.
detectable B. usable C.
explicable D.obvious E.subtle
F.violent G.masked H. disastrous
I. minuscule
The gills of fishes are analogous
to the lungs in terrestrial animals.
鱼类的鳃与陆上动物的肺类似。
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anarchy
美［＇ænərki］
记忆方法
拆分联想：an（not）＋arch（建
设，秩序）＋y 一无政府状态
n.无政府状态，混乱
absence of government or order
近义
disorder，chaos，riot，tumult，t
urmoil
相关 anarchism n.无政府主义，
anarchist n.无政府主义者；反抗
权威的人
RC-陈虎平 36 套
None of these translations to
screen and stage, however,
dramatize the anarchy at the
conclusion of A Connecticut
Yankee,which ends with the
violent
overthrow of Morgan's three-
year-old progressive order and
his return to the nineteenth
century, where he apparently
commits suicide after being
labeled a lunatic for his
incoherent babblings about
drawbridges and battlements.
The concept of self-organizing
teams does not imply anarchy.自
组织团队的概念不意味着无政府
状态。
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anathema
美［ə＇næθəmə］
记忆方法
谐音联想：anathema（“恶奶色魔
＂）一令人厌恶的人或事物
n.令人厌恶的人或事物
someone or something intensely
disliked or loathed
近义
execration，abomination，aversi
on， abhorrence，antipathy
相关 anathematic adj.厌恶的，可
憎的
Racial prejudice is an anathema
to me.
对我来说，种族歧视非常可恶。
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anatomize
美［ə＇nætə，maiz］
记忆方法
近形联想：anatom（anatomy，
解剖）＋ize-解剖一详细分析（引
申用法）
v.解剖
to cut in pieces in order to
display or examine the structure
and use of the parts
近义 dissect
相关 anatomyn.解剖学
They are anatomizing a frog in
the biology class.
他们正在生物课上解剖一只青蛙。
?
v.详细分析
to analyze in great detail
近义 dissect， analyze，
scrutinize， examine
The magazine is devoted to
anatomizing the inadequacies of
liberalism.该杂志致力于剖析自由
主义的不足之处。
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ancillary
美［＇ænsəleri］
记忆方法
近形联想：ancill（answer，回答，
应答）＋ary 一附属的一辅助的
（被动应答的）
adj.附属的
subordinate,subsidiary
近义 subordinate, subsidiary,
secondary, peripheral
反义
paramount, primary, cardinal,
principal, chief
词组 ancillary rights 附属权益
21 median
The usual (i)_____spending
public monies on scientific
projects is that
such projects have the potential
to make our lives healthier, safer,
and
more productive. However, the
fact that science-even
"pure"science-can
strengthen democracy and
promote public participation in
the political
process is hardly ever (ii)_____.
It should be Scientific literacy
(iii)_____democracy, and this is
an important ancillary benefit of
the
promotion of science. A.
argument against B. rationale for
C. precedent for
D.denied E.mentioned F.
gainsaid G.stifles H. enerizes I.
disregards
The company set its main factory
in China with its ancillary plants
in other countries.
这家公司把主要的工厂设在中国，
其他附属工厂设在其他国家。
?
adj.辅助的
auxiliary,supplementary
近义 auxiliary，supplementary，
accessory， aiding， assisting
词组 ancillary staff／services 辅
助人员／服
务设施
Scientific development meant the
growth of numerous professions
ancillary to medicine.
科技发展意味着许多医学衍生职
业的增长。
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anecdote
美［＇ænikdout］
记忆方法
an（not）＋ec（out）＋
dote（give）一趣闻轶事（不外传
的私密事情，越是私密的大家越
喜欢）
n.趣闻轶事
a usually short narrative of an
interesting, amusing, or
biographical incident
近义 narrative, tale
词组 personal anecdote 个人轶事
?
83 hard
The difficulty for nineteenth-
century advocates of the claim
that forests helped regulate
climate was that their argument
(i)_____historical anecdote and
observations. Proving the forest-
climate link through verifiable
and experimental scientific
means rather than observation
was (ii)_____for these
individuals, a situation that
eventually led to the link
(iii)_____justifications for forest
conservation. A. lacked
B.discounted C.employed
D.problematic E. unnecessary F.
straightforward G.being revived
in H. dropping out of l. losing out
to
He preceded his lecture with a
humorous anecdote.
他以一个幽默的轶事开始他的演
说。
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anesthetic
美［ænis＇θεtik］
记忆方法
谐音联想：anesthe（“安乐死
＂）＋tic-麻醉的，麻木的（无痛
苦的）
adj.麻醉的，麻木的
lacking awareness or sensitivity
Tom is anesthetic to her
afflictions.
汤姆对她的磨难麻木淡漠。
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angular
美［＇ængjələr］
记忆方法
近形联想：angul（angle 角度）
＋ar→有角的
adj.角的，有角的
having, forming, or consisting or
an angle or angles
相关 angle n.角度
词组 an angular face 有棱有角
的脸
138
A 2005 experiment had people
perform some tasks requiring
dexterity and others involving
matching pairs of numbers, while
an area of their parietal lobes-the
left angular gyrus-was stimulated
by a magnetic field.
?
For example, no matter how
much a dancer wishes to leap off
the floor and then start turning,
the law of conservation of
angular momentum absolutely
prevents such a movement.
He had an angular face with
prominent cheekbones.
他有一张颧骨突出、棱角分明的
脸。
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animadversion
美［ænəmæd＇vəjən］
记忆方法
拆分联想：anim（animal，动物，
野蛮）＋adversion（advertise，
宣传，说）一批评，责难（野蛮
地说）
n.批评，责难
a critical and usually censorious
remark
近义 criticism，censure，
denunciation， opprobrium，
castigation
反义 acclaim，approbation ，
praise ， applause， tribute
11 easy
This is neither praise nor
criticism, neither a compliment
nor_____, just an
observation.A.an exposition B.
an elucidation C. an
animadversion D.a culmination
E. a divination
This kind of idea and thinking
method has lost the significance
of history criticism and moral
animadversion.
这种观念与思想方式，其实已经
减弱或干脆丧失了它应有的历史
批判与道德批判的意义。
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animus
美［＇æniməs］
记忆方法
近形联想：animus（animal，动
物，野兽）一憎恶，仇视（像动
物之间相互对待的）
n.憎恶，仇视
a usually prejudiced and often
spiteful or malevolent ill will
近义 animosity， antipathy，
hostility， rancor， enmity
反义 amity
Your animus toward him
suggests that you are the wrong
man for the job.你对他的敌意说
明你不适合这份工作。
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anionic
美［，ænal＇anik］
记忆方法
拆分联想：an（反，阴）＋ion
（离子）＋ic→阴离子的
adj.阴离子的
of or relating to a negatively
charged ion
相关 ion n.离子，anion n.阴离子
By synthesizing electrides from a
variety of materials, one can vary
the geometry of the anionic
cavities and their relation to the
surrounding cations.
Unlike other types of anions,
anionic electrons do not behave
as if they were simple charged
spheres.
与其他类型的阴离子不同，阴离
子电子的行为
不象简单的带电球体。
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annex
美［ə＇neks］
记忆方法
近形联想：an（加强）＋
nex（next，下一个）一获得，吞
并（得到下一个）
v.获得，吞并
to obtain or take for oneself
近义 occupy, seize, arrogate,
acquire, commandeer
反义 relinquish, renounce,
abdicate, surrender, abandon
相关
annexation n.合并；附加物
Germany annexed Austria in
1938.
1938 年德国吞并了奥地利。
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annihilate
美［ə＇naiəleit］
记忆方法
近形联想：an（加强）＋
nihil（no，否定）＋ate 一使消失，
使毁灭（否定存在）
v.使消失，使毁灭
to destroy completely
近义
eradicate, extinguish,
exterminate, abolish, ruin
反义 establish
73 median
Any antimatter in our part of the
universe
is necessarily____because of the
overwhelming preponderance of
ordinary matter, by which
antimatter is quickly
annihilated.A.short-lived B.
nebulous C. scarce D. concrete
E.substantial F.ephemeral
The human race has enough
weapons to annihilate itself.
人类有足够的武器灭绝自己。
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annotate
美［＇ænəteit］
记忆方法
an（加强）＋not（note，注解）
＋ate→给...作注释
v.给...作注释
to make or furnish annotations
for (as a literary work or subject)
近义
comment，elucidate，explicate
， interpret， explain
?
148
Her method is partly
documentary in nature: the novel
includes such features as a
carefully annotate reproduction
of dialect, the exact details of
food prices in an account of a tea
party, an itemized description of
the furniture of the Bartons' living
room, and a transcription (again
annotated )of the ballad "The
Oldham Weaver".
Historians annotate, check and
interpret the diary selections.历史
学家们对这些日记选段进行注释、
核对和阐释。
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annul
美［ə＇nal］
记忆方法
an（加强）＋nul（no，否定）→
废除，取消
v.废除，取消
to make ineffective or inoperative
近义
nullify,invalidate,abolish,repeal,re
voke,rescind
反义
enact，establish，authorize，sa
nction， legislate
相关 annulment n.取消；废除
Some leaders of the opposition
party are now pressing for the
entire election to be annulled.
一些反对党领导人现正强烈要求
宣告这次选举无效。
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anomalous
美［ə＇na：mələs］
记忆方法
近形联想：a（否定）＋
nomal（normal，正常的）＋
ous→异常的
adj.异常的
inconsistent with or deviating
from what is usual, normal, or
expected
近义 abnormal,atypical,
eccentric, exceptional, aberrant
反义 normal, typical, regular ,
natural
相关 anomaly n.反常，异常
词组 anomalous zeeman effect
反常塞曼效
应
?
easy
History teaches us that science
is not_ _enterprise; indeed, it is
quite the opposite, a motley
assortment of tools designed to
safeguard researchers against
their own biases. A. an
opportunistic B.an anomalous C.
a haphazard D.a collective E. a
monolithic
easy
Mr.Stevens found that home
schooling, far from representing
(i)____philosophy, (ii)_____some
of the most widely accepted
education ideas: that children
should be treated as individuals,
taught in small numbers, and
given a measure of discretion
over their own learning. A.a
benign B. an orthodox C. an
anomalous D. overcomes E.
embodies
F.anticipates
41 hard
The physics graveyard is strewn
with the skeletons of failed
theories,unexplained effects, and
anomalous particles
thatbriefly_____the research
spotlight, then rapidly fade from
view. A. douse B.intensify
C.perpetuate D. capture E.
extinguish F.secure
For years this anomalous
behaviour has baffled scientists.
几年来这种反常行为让科学家们
很困惑。
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anonymous
美［ə＇na：niməs］
记忆方法
近形联想：a（否定）＋
nonym（name，名字）＋ous→
匿名的→不知名的（无名之辈）
adj.匿名的
not named or identified
近义
obscure, unidentified,unknown
相关 anonymity n.匿名；平淡无
奇
?
RC-OG
Most of these titles have
subsequently been attributed,
either through the
author's own acknowledgment of
a previously 5 anonymous or
pseudonymous work, or through
bibliographical research.
?
98 hard
Because of the
newspaper's_____joint bylines,
lots of reporters were compelled
to do anonymous work on stories
credited to other people.
A.toleration of B.aversion to C.
instigation of D. endorsement of
E.leniency toward
An actor may be human or
machine, and its identity may be
anonymous or known.
参与者可能是人或机器，其身份
可以是匿名的，或者是已知的。
adj.不知名的，平淡无奇的
lacking individuality, distinction,
or recognizability
近义 obscure, nondescript,
commonplace, undistinguished
反义
eminent,renowned,esteemed,cel
ebrated,illustrious
词组 the anonymous faces in the
crowd 大众脸
Here is the most anonymous part
of north-west Washington.这里是
华盛顿西北部最无特色的地区。
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antagonize
美［æn＇tægənaiz］
记忆方法
近形联想：anta（anti，对抗）＋
gonize（organize，组织）→引起
敌意（组织对抗活动）
v.引起敌意
to incur or provoke the hostility of
近义 vex,irritate, rile, offend,
provoke
反义 pacify, placate, appease,
conciliate, allay
相关 antagonistic adj.敌对的
29 median
The author engages this issue
from diverse
perspectives, supports his
arguments with many examples,
and manages to avoid
antagonizing
others in dealing with a
very_____subject. A. contentious
B. pedestrian C.
controversial D. perplexing E.
mundane F. intriguing
He didn't want to antagonize her.
他不想引起她的反感。
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Antarctic
美［æn＇ta：rktik］
记忆方法
近形联想：Ant（anti，相反）＋
arctic（北极）→南极洲，南极地
区（与北极相对的地
区）
n.南极洲，南极地区
the region around the south pole
Ice shelves make up nearly half
of the Antarctic coastline and
have level or gently undulating
surfaces.
差不多有一半的南极海岸线由冰
架构成，海岸地表平坦或稍有起
伏。
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ante
美［＇ænti］
记忆方法
近形联想：ante（anti，对抗）→
赌注（对着下注）
n.赌注
(poker) the initial contribution that
each player makes to the pot
词组 raise／up the ante 增加赌注
If an investor wants to raise the
ante, he will borrow money to
buy the shares.
要使投资者想提高赌注，他们就
会借钱购买股票。
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antebellum
美［ænti＇beləm］
记忆方法
近形联想：ante（anti，反，之
前）＋bellum（battle，战斗）→
战争前的
adj.战争前的
existing before a war;
especially :existing
before the American Civil War
62 easy
The_____of biographies of
antebellum capitalists is
particularly striking in contrast
with the abundance of life stories
of industrialists in later eras.
A. brevity B. banality C. utility D.
paucity E. triteness F.dearth
Cotton rapidly became far and
away the nation's most valuable
commercial crop during the
antebellum years.
内战前的几年里，棉花快速成了
全国绝对最有价值的经济作物。
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antecedent
美［ænti＇si：dnt］
记忆方法
ante（before，之前）＋ced
（走）＋ent（名词／形容词词
缀）一从前的（走在前面的）一
祖先，先例
?
n.祖先，先例
one that precedes another
近义 ancestor,forebear
From books you can not only
trace back to the wisdom of our
antecedents,but keep up with the
latest developments of science
and technology.从书本上你不仅
可以追溯到我们祖先的智慧，而
且能跟上科学技术的最新发展。
?
adj.从前的
prior
近义 previous, foregoing,
precursory,
preceding
词组 antecedent events 先前的事
件
Those antecedent events
affected the outcome of the war.
先前的事件影响了战争的结果。
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antediluvian
美［æntidi＇lu：viən］
记忆方法
近形联想：ante（之前）＋
diluvian（deluge，洪水）→古老
的，过时的（发生在圣经旧约记
载的大洪水之前的）
adj.古老的，过时的
very old or old-fashioned
近义 archaic，old-fashioned，
antique，
outmoded， archaic， outdated
反义 modern
It is surprising that he has
antediluvian notions about the
role of women in the workplace.
令人惊奇的是，他对于工作场景
下女性的角色还抱着旧有的观念。
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antelope
美［＇æntiloup］
记忆方法
近形联想：ante（＝
anti，opposite）＋lope（run）一
羚羊（经常被捕杀，见人反着跑，
要保护羚羊）
n.羚羊
an African or Asian animal like a
deer, that runs very fast
词组 Tibetan antelope 藏羚羊
68
Historically, more cold-adapted
antelope species originating in
Eurasia have migrated into
Africa, where the climate is
generally warmer, than have
warm-adapted African species
into Eurasia.
It is conceivable that the
pronghorn antelope would have
continued to evolve, get faster
maybe, if the cheetah was still
around.
可以理解的是，如果猎豹继续存
在，长角羚羊将会继续演化，或
许更快地演化。
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anthology
美［æn＇θa：ləd3i］
记忆方法
谐音联想：anthology（“俺收了集
＂）→选集（把俺的作品都收在
一个文集里面）
n.选集
a collection of selected literary
pieces or passages or works of
art or music
42
Carolina Hospital notes that
Cuban-American writers who
write primarily in English are
dismissed from anthologies and
analyses of Cuban exile literature
on that account.
77 median
The introductions to each
section, written by the editors of
the anthology,provide useful
background material, but they do
not provide analysis of the
articles. Because the articles are
in many senses
the editors' personal favorites, it
is probably (i)_____to expect
more such criticism would be as
(ii)_____as the articles
themselves. A. juvenile B.
paradoxical C.unrealistic D.
biased E. complex F. informative
110
Notwithstanding a lack of_____,
nineteenth-century anthologies
such as Evert and George
Duyckinck's Cyclopaedia of
American Literature represents
serious attempts to collect the
national writings up to that point
as a way of establishing the
viability of American letters. A.
bias B.earnestness C. rigor D.
ambition E. ambiguity
Michael Rosen is the editor of
the anthology.
迈克尔·罗森是这本选集的编者。
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anthropogenic
美［ænθrəpə＇d3nik］
记忆方法
anthropo（people，人类）＋
genic（产生）一人为的（人导致
产生的）
adj.人为的
of, relating to, or resulting from
the influence of human beings on
nature
49
What sets current changes in
landslide activity apart is the
likely influence of anthropogenic
[i.e., human-caused] factors,
either acting alone or in concert
with climate, which can further
modify the process of landsliding
and the nature of ecosystem
responses.
183
That inconsistency has led
greenhouse contrarians to claim
that any recent warming could be
natural rather than
anthropogenic.
Carbon dioxide is the most
important anthropogenic
greenhouse gas, with annual
emissions growing 80 per cent in
1970-2004.
二氧化碳是最重要的人为温室气
体，它的年排放量在 1970 年到
2004 年之间增长了 80％。
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anthropology
美［ænθrə＇pa：ləd3i］
记忆方法
anthrop（people，人类）＋
ology（knowledge，学问）一人
类学（关于人的学问）
n.人类学
the science of human beings
相关 anthropologist n.人类学家
词组 social／cultural
anthropology 社会／文化人类学
104
Cultural anthropology, according
to the post-1970s critique, is
unavoidably subjective, and the
anthropologist should be explicit
in
acknowledging that fact.
104
Anthropology should stop striving
to build a better database about
cultural behavior and should turn
to developing a more humanistic
interpretation of cultures.
At that point I became really
interested in anthropology and I
really wanted to be an
archeologist.
那时候我开始对人类学十分感兴
趣，而且我希望成为一个考古学
家。
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anthropomorphism
美［ænθrəpə＇mor，fizəm］
记忆方法
anthropo（people，人类）＋
morph（form，形态）＋ism-拟人
论，拟人观（使具有人的形态）
n.拟人论，拟人观
an interpretation of what is not
human or personal in terms of
human or personal
characteristics
相关 anthropomorphize v.拟人
化
69 median
Throughout much of the
twentieth century, common
scientific sense seemed to
dictate that animals could not
make a choice based on rational
or aesthetic criteria. Such
choices were (i)_____the mental
capacity of humans. Scientists
who (ii)_____this animal-human
cognitive division were often
accused of anthropomorphism.
A. reserved for B. inconsistent
with C. similar to D. accepted E.
transgressed F. exacerbated
The comments on webcam sites
are rife with anthropomorphism,
and even when this is pointed
out, the contributors are often
undaunted.在动物直播网站里充
满了各种拟人化的评论，虽然已
经有人指出，但是那些评论者却
从不更改。
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antidote
美［＇æntidout］
记忆方法
anti（对抗）＋dote（dose，剂
量）一解毒药一对抗手段（词义
泛化）
?
n.解毒药
a remedy to counteract the
effects of poison
近义 remedy, therapy,cure
There is no known antidote to the
poison.
这种毒的解药尚未发现。
?
n.对抗手段
something that relieves,
prevents, or
counteract
?
95 median
In the nineteenth century, the
circus, for all its glitz and even its
glamour,was entertainment with
an old soul,_____the fast-
forward pace of change in
modern life. A. a forerunner of B.
an antidote to C. a respite from
D.a break from E.a precursor to
F.a rebuke to
A Mediterranean cruise was the
perfect antidote to a long cold
winter.到地中海航游是度过漫长
寒冬的绝妙办法。
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antimatter
美［＇æntimætər］
记忆方法
近形联想：anti（反的）＋
matter（物质）→反物质
n.反物质
matter that is made up of anti-
particles
?
RC-No.2-No.9
We encounter excited nucleons,
new types of particles such as
mesons,heavy electrons, quarks,
and gluons, and also antimatter
in large quantities.
73 median
Any antimatter in our part of the
universe is
necessarily_____because of the
overwhelming preponderance of
ordinary matter, by which
antimatter is quickly annihilated.
A. short-lived B. nebulous C.
scarce D. concrete E.substantial
F.ephemeral
The observed imbalance
between matter and antimatter is
a puzzle yet to be explained.
在物质和反物质之间观察到的不
平衡仍然是一个还没有解释的难
题。
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antipathy
美［æn＇tipəθi］
记忆方法
anti（对抗）＋pathy（feeling，
情感）一反感，憎恶
n.反感，憎恶
settled aversion or dislike
近义
enmity,animosity,antagonism,
hostility,abhorrence
反义
penchant, predilection , affinity,
proclivity, propensity
词组 mutual antipathy 相互反感
55
Voss-Hubbard cites the
frequency of third-party eruptions
during the period as evidence of
popular antipathy to the two-
party regime.
She'd often spoken of her
antipathy towards London.
她常提及她对伦敦的反感。
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antiquarian
美［ænti＇kweriən］
记忆方法
antiqua（antique，古老）＋rian
一古文物研究者一古文物的，古
董的（活用为形容词）
?
n.古文物研究者
one who collects or studies
antiquities
He enjoyed a great reputation as
an antiquarian.
他是一个享有盛名的古玩收藏家。
adj.古文物的，古董的
of or relating to antiquarians or
antiquities
The library is rich in historical
books and antiquarian works.这
家图书馆拥有大量历史和古籍。
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antithesis
美［æn＇tiθəsis］
记忆方法
近形联想：anti（against，对立，
对抗）＋thes（setting，设置，
放置）＋is→对立（面）
n.对立（面）
opposition, contrast
近义 opposition, contrast,
contrary, opposite
反义 synonym, analogue (or
analog)
相关 antithetical adj.对立的，
正相反的
The Amazons were often

characterized, for example, as
the equivalents of giants and
centaurs, enemies to be slain by
Greek heroes; thus, their
customs were presented not as
those of a respectable society,
but as the very antitheses of
ordinary Greek practices.
105
It is plausible to regard a
collection of letters spanning
youth and old age as (i)_____of
autobiography: the precession of
characters who inhabit a life and
a chronology of incidents turn up
reliably in either form.Yet
autobiography, even when
ostensibly steeped in candor,
tends toward (ii)_____through
later perspectives, afterwords,
and second thoughts,whereas
letters have an undeniable
(iii)_____, offering select
glimpses of the fought and living
moment. A. an approximation B.
a precursor C. the antithesis D.
concision E. reconsideration F.
sensationalism G.sensitivity
H.immediacy l. formality
Love is the antithesis of
selfishness.
爱是自私的对立面。
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apathy
美［＇æpəθi］
记忆方法
近形联想：a（not）＋pathy（感
情）一冷漠（没有感情）
n.冷漠
lack of interest or concern
近义
impassivity,indifference,nonchala
nce
反义
enthusiasm, fervor, passion,
zeal, ebullience
相关 apathetic adj.漠然的
?
Although it is unusual to
denounce museum-goers for no
painting, it is quite common,
even for those. who are
unenthusiastic about sports, to
criticize (i) _____for athletic (ii)
_____A.artists..ignorance
B.spectators..inactivity C.
athletes.. snobbery D. scholars..
apathy E.commentators..
partiality
Smile can dissolve apathy and
pass warmth.
微笑能够溶解冷漠，传递温暖。
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ape
美［eip］
记忆方法
词义联想：ape（猿，类人猿）一
模仿（猩猩喜欢模仿人类）
?
n.猿
a large animal like a monkey,
with no tail
Early man shows certain
affinities with the ape.
早期的人类和猿有某些相似之处。
v.模仿
to copy closely but often clumsily
and ineptly
近义
copy，imitate，emulate，mimic
For years the British film industry
merely aped Hollywood.多年来，
英国电影业一味模仿好莱坞。
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apex
美［＇eipeks］
记忆方法
pex（peak，顶点）一顶点
n.顶点
the top or highest part of
something
近义
vertex，summit，climax，zenith
， pinnacle
33
This emphasis would have
puzzled the architects of the
Italian Renaissance (sixteenth
century), a period widely
regarded as the apex of
architectural achievement,for
Renaissance architects' designs
were determined only minimally
by the materials employed.
At 37,she'd reached the apex of
her career.
她在 37 岁时达到了事业的巅峰。
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aphorism
美［＇æfərizəm］
记忆方法
谐音联想：aphor（＂爱佛人＂）
＋ism 一格言，警句（爱佛的人，
参悟人生，满嘴格言警句）
n.格言，警句
a terse formulation of a truth or
sentiment
近义 adage，epigram，
maxim， precept
The Chinese have a wise
aphorism:"When you are in a
common boat,you need to cross
the river peacefully together."
中国有一句充满智慧的格言：“同
舟共济”。
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aplomb
美［ə＇pla：m］
记忆方法
谐音联想：aplomb（“饿扑老
母”）一镇定，沉着（冷血般的镇
静）
n.镇定，沉着
complete and confident
composure or self-assurance
近义 calmness， composure，
equilibrium， poise
He delivered the speech with his
usual aplomb.
他以惯常的沉着语气作了演讲。
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apocalyptic
美［ə，pa：kə＇lptik］
记忆方法
谐音联想：apocaly（“一片颗
粒”")+ptic-tic-末日的，夸张描述
坏结果的（世界毁灭成一片颗
粒）
adj.末日的，（对灾难后果）夸张
的
characterized by usually
exaggerated predictions of or
allusions to a
disastrous outcome
近义
exaggerated, grandiloquent,
rhetorical, bombastic, overblown
反义 understated
相关 apocalypse n.大灾难，大
动乱
64 median
Discussions of impending water
shortages are often couched in
apocalyptic rhetoric, yet if the
language is somewhat_____,the
basic message is sound: water is
indeed scarce and growing
scarcer. A. abstract
B.complacent C.ambiguous
D.unfamiliar E. overblown
Barring from the apocalyptic
tone, the basic message is
sound.除了夸张的语气，其基本
信息还是可靠的。
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apocryphal
美［ə＇pa：krifl］
记忆方法
谐音联想：apocryphal（“阿保克
利夫”）一可疑的，虚假的（阿保
装扮的克利夫）
adj.可疑的，虚假的
of doubtful authenticity
近义 spurious,fake,
bogus,counterfeit
反义
authentic，veritable，legitimate
， authoritative， veracious
TC&SE-Magoosh Very hard
When constantly (i)_____,
apocryphal quotations can make
the truth seem (ii)_____. For
instance,people often spout the
phrase “Play it
again,Sam,"(iii)___quoting
Humphrey Bogart in Casablanca.
When they watch the movie, they
assume that the actor has
botched his lines during the
scene in which he says, "Play it,
Sam." A. bandied about B.
discredited C.eschewed D.
elusive E. suspect F.ironclad
G.faithfully H.ostensibly
I.retroactively
Urban legend is a form of
modern folklore consisting of
apocryphal stories believed by
their tellers to be true.都市流言是
现代民间传说的一种，那些虚假
故事被它们的讲述者演绎得可以
以假乱真。
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apology
美［ə＇pa：ləd3i］
记忆方法
谐音联想：a（to）＋po（跑）＋
log（speak）＋y 一道歉（知错就
改，跑过去说的话）一辩 a（to）
＋po（跑）＋lo 护（嘴上道歉，
实际维护）
?
n.道歉
a regretful acknowledgment of an
offense or failure
相关 apologize v.道歉
词组 offer／make／demand／
accept an
apology 主动道歉／致歉／要求／
接受道歉
TC＆SE-XDF 红皮
Read's apology to Heflin was not
exactly abject and did little to
(i)their decades-long quarrel,
which had been as (ii) _____ as
the academic etiquette of
scholarly journals permitted. A.
resolve B. encourage C. blur
D.sporadic E. courteous F.
acrimonious
You owe him an apology for what
you said.你要为你所说的话向他
道歉。
?
n.辩护
something that is said or written
to defend something that other
people criticize
近义 excuse, defence, plea,
explanation
The President's speech was an
effective apology for his foreign
policy.总统的演说是对其外交政策
的有力辩护。
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apoplectic
美［æpə＇plektik］
记忆方法
poplect（perplex，复杂的）＋
ic-，勃然大怒的（搞不明白，恼
羞成怒）
adj.勃然大怒的
greatly excited or angered
近义 furious， indignant，
enraged， incensed， infuriated
反义 calm，composed，
unruffled， imperturbable，
tranquil
Democrats became apoplectic
about a proposal to raise the
retirement age.
民主党对于提高退休年龄的建议
很愤怒。
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appall
美［ə＇pol］
记忆方法
近形联想：ap（加强）＋
pall（pale，苍白的）一使惊骇
（吓的脸发白的）
v.使惊骇
to overcome with consternation,
shock, or dismay
近义 terrify，intimidate，
frighten， horrify， daunt
TC＆SE-巴朗
Appalled by the confused jumble
of laws he had inherited from his
predecessors, King Joseph Il
attempted to
codify the existing (i)_____of
medieval law into a modern and
(ii)_____code.A.dearth
B.intransigence
C.welter D. consistent E.
idiosyncratic F. draconian
We were appalled by the news of
the war.
听到战争的消息我们大为震惊。
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appendix
美［ə＇pεndiks］
记忆方法
pend（hand，悬挂）＋ix→阑尾
（悬挂在外面，多余的东西）→
附录（比喻用法）
?
n.阑尾
a small bag of tissue that is
attached to the large intestine
I have recently had my appendix
removed.
我最近切除了阑尾。
?
n.附录
a section giving extra information
at the end of a book or document
Full details are given in
Appendix3.
详情见附录 3。
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apposite
美［＇æpəzit］
记忆方法
posite（position）一合适的，贴
切的（适合某一位置的）
adj.合适的，贴切的
highly pertinent or appropriate
近义 fitting，germane，
appropriate， apt， pertinent
反义
extraneous，irrelevant，impertin
ent
He provided an incisive analysis
of the rise of state capialism
together with apposite examples.
他对国家资本主义的崛起结合贴
切的案例做了深入分析。
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apprehend
美［æpri＇hend］
记忆方法
近形联想：ap（加强）＋pre（向
前）＋hend（hand，手，抓）一
逮捕（抓人）一理解（抓住主
旨）一担心，忧虑（把心抓住，
使人身心不安）
?
v.逮捕
arrest,seize
近义 capture, catch,
detain,imprison
Within hours, police had
apprehended the thief.
数小时内，警察就将小偷抓获。
v.理解
to grasp with the understanding
近义 understand, grasp,
comprehend
相关 apprehension n.忧虑；逮捕；
理解， apprehensive adj.忧虑不
安的；理解的，apprehensible
adj.可理解的
These subtle differencs are
difficult to
apprehend.
这些不易察觉的差别很难被理解。
v.担心，忧虑
to anticipate especially with
anxiety, dread, or fear
近义 worry
▶A guilty criminal apprehends
danger in every sound.这个罪犯
对每一个声音都感到危险。
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apprentice
美［ə＇prentis］
记忆方法
近形联想：ap(=ad,，去）＋
prent（seize，抓）＋ice→学徒
（被抓来做工的人）-当学徒
（活用为动词）
?
n.学徒
one who is learning by practical
experience under skilled workers
a trade,art,or calling
近义 novice, assistant
词组 an apprentice electrician／
chef 电工／厨师学徒
He left school at 15 and trained
as an apprentice carpenter.他 15
岁辍学，当上木工学徒。
v.当学徒
to work or study as an apprentice
60
He immersed himself in Harlem's
art scene in the 1930s, even
apprenticing with sculptor
Richmond Barthe for a time.
I was apprenticed to a plumber
when I was fourteen.
我 14 岁时给一个管子工做学徒。
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apprise
美［ə＇praiz］
记忆方法
近形联想：
apprise（apprehend，理解）一
告知（告知使理解）
v.告知
to give notice to
近义 inform， notify， instruct
We must apprise them of the
dangers that may be involved.
我们必须告诉他们可能涉及的危
险。
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approbation
美［æprə＇beifn］
记忆方法
近形联想：approb（approve，同
意）＋ation-赞美，认同
n.赞美，认同
praise or approval
近义 commendation, approval,
praise, applause, acclamation
反义 disapproval, criticism,
censure, opprobrium,
denunciation
相关 approbate v.同意，批准
62 easy
Because the critic thought that
the mark of great literature was
grandiosity and elegance not to
be found in
common speech, writers
seeking his approbation_____the
vernacular. A.
exploitedB.embraced C.
misapplied D. considered E.
eschewed
The result has not met universal
approbation.
该结果尚未获得普遍认同。
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apt
美［æpt］
记忆方法
apt（fit，suit，合适）一恰当的，
贴切的（适合于做某事的）-聪慧
的（适合做某事才能展现出自己
的聪慧）一倾向于做某事的（人
们倾向于去做适合自己的事情）
adj.倾向于做某事的
having a tendency
近义 likely,inclined, tending,
disposed,prone
反义 unlikely,disinclined
相关 aptness n.才能；倾向；适
当，aptitude n.天赋；倾向；适当
词组 apt to be careless 常常粗心
大意
148
Indeed, for a similarly convincing
re-creation of such families'
emotions and responses (which
are more crucial than the
material details on which the
mere reporter is apt to
concentrate), the English novel
had to wait 60years for the early
writing of D.H.Lawrence.
53 easy
the notion that attention is a
limited resource, scientists have
found lots of evidence that
drivers with cell phones drives
slower and are more apt to miss
important details than drivers
who drive solely on the road.
A.controverting B. buttressing C.
questioning D. bolstering E.
perpetuating F.refuting
This type of weather is apt to be
more common in winter.这种天气
在冬季往往更为常见。
adj.适当的
suited to a purpose
词组 a particularly apt description

特别恰当的描述，apt to do sth 适
合于做某事
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aquifer
美［＇ækwifər］
记忆方法
近形联想：aqui（＝aqua，水）
＋fer（ferry，carry，承载）→蓄
水层
n.蓄水层
an underground bed or layer or
earth, gravel, or porous stone
that yields water
An aquifer is a water - bearing
rock stratum such as sandstone
and chalk.地下蓄水层是一些有水
的岩石层，如沙岩和白垩岩。
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arable
美［＇ærəbl］
记忆方法
近形联想：arable（area，面积，
土地）一可耕种的
adj.适合耕种的
connected with growing crops
such as wheat
词组 arable land 可耕地
?
In eighth-century Japan, people
who (i)____wasteland were
rewarded
with official ranks as part of an
effort to overcome the shortage
of (ii)
fields.A. conserved.. forested B.
reclaimed.. arable C. cultivated..
domestic D. irrigated.. accessible
E. located.. desirable
There are mainly six farming
types in Britain. They are arable
farming,dairy farming, stock
farming, mixed farming, hill
farming and market gardening.英
国主要有六种农作业类型：耕地
业、乳品业、家畜业、混合农业、
山地畜牧业和市场果蔬业。
?
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arboreal
美［a：r＇bo：riəl］
记忆方法
近形联想：arbor（amber，琥珀，
树脂化石，lumber，木材）一树
木的一树栖的（生活在树上的）
adj.树木的
of, relating to, or resembling
atree
He is impressed by the the
arboreal splendor of the valley.这
个山谷的树木奇观让他印象深刻。
adj.树栖的
inhabiting or frequenting trees
Squirrels are arboreal creatures.
松鼠是栖于树上的动物。
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arcane
美［a：r＇kein］
记忆方法
近形联想：arcane（archaic，古
老的）一难懂的，神秘的（古老
的往往神秘难懂）
adj.难懂的，神秘的
secret or mysterious
近义 esoteric, recondite,
abstruse , obscure, enigmatic,
opaque, dense
反义 intelligible, comprehensible,
accessible, explicit,
penetrable,fathomable
TC＆SE-XDF 红皮
Many more eighteenth-century
novels were written by women
than by men, but this dominance
has, until very recently, been
regarded merely as fact, a bit of
arcane knowledge noted only by
bibliographers.A.a controversial
B.a statistical C. an analytical D.
an explicit E. an unimpeachable
Nobody knows how long the
aliens have lived there, because
aliens are very arcane and smart
creatures.
没有人知道外星人在那里生活了
多长时间，因为外星人是非常神
秘，非常聪明的生物。
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archaeology
美［a：rki＇a：ləd3i］
记忆方法
近形联想： ent)
+aeo+logy(arch（＝
first，ancient）＋aeo＋logy（学
科）一考古学（关于古代的学
科）
n.考古学
the scientific study of material
remains (as fossil relics, artifacts,
and monuments) of past human
life and activities
相关 archaeological adj.考古的，
archaeologist n.考古学家
词组 prehistoric archaeology 史
前考古学
115
Although the passenger pigeons,
now extinct, were abundant in
eighteenth-and nineteenth-
century America, archaeological
studies at twelfth-century
Cahokian sites in the present day
United States examined
household food trash and found
that traces of passenger pigeon
were quite rare.
67 median
Despite the general_____of
Roman archaeological studies
toward the major cities and their
monuments, archaeology has
contributed much to a better
understanding of rural
developments in Roman territory.
A.openness B. indifference C.
hostility D. animus E. bias
F.orientation
Aerial photography has
revolutionized the study of
archaeology.航空摄影已经给考古
学研究带来了一场革命。
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archaic
美［a：r＇keilk］
记忆方法
arch（first，ancient 古老）＋
aic（形容词后缀）一古代的，过
时的
adj.古代的，过时的
of,relating to, or characteristic of
an earlier or more primitive time
近义 antiquated,
obsolete,outmoded, outdated,
old-fashioned
反义
fashionable,up-to-
date,chic,modish,voguish
相关 archaism n.古语
词组 archaic art 古代艺术
RC- Magoosh_Medium
Additionally, even the most
archaic forms of Katharevousa
were never thought of as ancient
Greek, but were always
called"modern Greek", so that
the phrase "modern Greek"
applies to Demotic, Standard
Modern Greek and even
Katharevousa.
Year after year, Americans are
burdened by an archaic,
incoherent federal tax code.
年复一年，美国人民承担着陈旧
而不合理的联邦纳税制度的重负。
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archetype
美［＇a：kitaip］
记忆方法
arche（第一的，主要的）＋
type（模型）一典范，典型
n.典范，典型
an ideal example of a type
近义 ideal，quintessence，
paradigm， prototype，
exemplar
相关 archetypal adj.典型的，有代
表性的
TC&SE -Magoosh_Very hard
A successful revolution, whereby
those who have unseated the
previous government are able to
usher in an irenic
transformation,is not (i)
Nonetheless, scholars, and even
the public at large, persist in
believing that the American
Revolution, while clearly
successful, bequeathed a(n)
(ii)that all restive nations need
only follow to enjoy effective self-
rule.One must look no further
than the sweep of the 20th
century, to realize the (iii)_____of
this conception. A. the norm B.
an aberration C. an archetype
D.template E. notion F. maxim
G.futility H. ambiguity I. folly
She is the archetype of an
American movie star.
她是典型的美国影星。
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archipelago
美［a：rki＇peləgou］
记忆方法
近形联想：archi（主要的）＋
pelago（谐音＂怕路过＂）→群
岛（海中航行怕路过的地方，群
岛暗礁太多）
n.群岛，列岛
a group of islands and the sea
surrounding them
相关 archipelagic adj.群岛的，
peninsula n.半岛，islet n.小岛
?
57
While colonization from outside
areas has clearly contributed to
the high species
richness,speciation within the
archipelago has contributed at
least a quarter of the total
species richness, including many
of the most abundant species.
RC-150 必练题目
These carnivores live only on
four small islands in the
archipelago where,scientists
note, the prey base is too small
to support mammalian
carnivores.
RC-150 必练题目
Chromosomal analysis has since
supported Mertens' contention,
and in addition, geologic
evidence points to a collision
between the archipelago and the
Australian landmass after
Varanus evolved-a fact that could
account for the genus' present
distribution.
Indonesia is the largest
archipelago in the world.
印尼是世界上最大的群岛。
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archive
美［＇a：rkaiv］
记忆方法
近形联想：archive（achieve，成
就）一档案馆（记录成就的地
方）一把...存档（活用作动词）
?
n.档案馆
a place in which public records or
historical documents are
preserved
词组 archive film 档案胶片
27
By studying these components,
scientists have obtained a
detailed archive of many
aspects of climate, including air
temperatures, snowfall, and
concentrations of greenhouses
gases in the atmosphere.
12 easy
The author suggests that cinema
archives should become more
like museums, justifying their
existence by selecting, grouping
and commenting on important
films. By thus
(i)_____films,archives would not
only serve as repositories but
would provide (ii)_____as well.
A. improving B.restoring C.
interpreting D. conservation E.
education F. income
The BBC's archives are bulging
with material.英国广播公司的档
案库材料极其丰富。
v.把...存档
to file or collect in or as if in an
archive
67 median
Until now, old snapshots and
home movies
faded and crumbled and were
eventually (i)_____. Only a few
precius mementos were
preserved and passed along. But
as photography moves into the
digital realm, family albums and
home videos see capable of
(ii)_____:our capacity to store
them is, for all practical
purposes, approaching the
infinite. Is such transformation a
good thing? The natural world
teaches us that (iii)_____are vital
to ecological health. Does a
similar principle communal
memory? A. archived B.
discarded C. reproduced
D.transmission E.immortality F.
revolution G.death and decay H.
predator adiad ral
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ardent
美［＇a：rdnt］
记忆方法
近形联想：ard（arid，干旱的）
＋ent-热烈的（干旱往往热）
adj.热烈的
characterized by warmth of
feeling typically expressed in
eager zealous support or activity
近义 zealous， impassioned，
fervent， passionate， avid
反义 half-hearted， lukewarm，
apathetic， indifferent
Building clean government is a
long-term yet urgent task as well
as the ardent hope of the people.
建设廉洁的政府是一项持久而又
紧迫的任务，是人民的热切期望。
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arduous
美［＇a：rd3uəs］
记忆方法
ard（to grow high，长高）＋
uous-困难的，艰苦的（成长需要
辛苦努力，GRE 考高分需要辛苦
努力）
adj.困难的，艰苦的
hard to accomplish or achieve;
marked by great labor or effort
近义 strenuous，demanding，
rigorous， gruelling， taxing，
onerous
反义
easy，simple，facile，effortless
词组
arduous journey／work 艰巨的旅
程／工作
71 median
Today the chair of task force in
charge of revising the psychiatric
diagnostic manual is_____post-
people work for years to position
themselves as candidates-but in
the early 1970s, descriptive
psychiatry
was a backwater.A.a coveted B.
an arduous C. a taxing D. a
lucrative E.an
enviable F. an influential
The African people are carrying
out an arduous fight for the
complete emancipation of the
whole Africa.
非洲人民正在为争取非洲的彻底
解放进行着艰巨的斗争。
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aria
美［＇a：riə］
记忆方法
谐音联想：aria（音乐家练声“啊-
啊-啊＂）一咏叹调
n.咏叹调
a solo vocal piece with
instrumental accompaniment, as
in an opera
相关 opera n.歌剧
词组 an aria from a opera 歌剧
中的一段咏叹调
During the opera's most famous

aria the tempo chosen by the
orchestra's conductor
seemed_____, without
necessary relation to what had
gone before.A.tedious B.
melodious C. capricious D.
compelling E. cautious
RC-No.2-No.9
The only coherence was the
singer's vocal technique: when
the cast changed, new arias
were almost always substituted,
generally adapted from other
operas.
RC-No.2-No.9
The integrity of the character is
achieved through the music:
once he had become
established, Verdi did not rewrite
his music for different singers or
countenance alterations or
substitutions of somebody else's
arias in one of his operas, as
every eighteenth-century
composer had done.
The audience applauded after
the soprano sang the aria so
beautifully.女高音将咏叹调唱得十
分优美，观众爆发出热烈的掌声。
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arid
美［＇ærid］
记忆方法
近形联想：arid（ash，灰，灰
烬）一干旱的一枯燥无趣的（内
容干瘪无生趣）
adj.干旱的
excessively dry; specifically :
having insuficient rainfall to
support agriculture
相关 aridity n.干旱
RC-No.2-No.9
The skin is too acid and too arid
for some species.
RC-Magoosh_Medium
Dams in arid areas also may
face increased sedimentation,
since a 10percent annual icrease
in precipitation can double the
volume of sediment washed into
rivers.
These new strains of crops that
can withstand arid conditions.这
些新品种作物可以抵抗干旱的气
候条件。
?
adj.无趣的，枯燥无味的
lacking in interest and life
近义 boring, humdrum, dull,
tedious, monotonous, banal
反义 absorbing, appealing,
engrossing, engaging, riveting
词组 arid discussion／topic／
study 枯燥的讨论／话题／研究
She had given him the only joy
his arid life had ever known.她为
他枯燥无味的生活带来了从未有
过的乐趣。
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aristocracy
美［æri＇sta：krəsi］
记忆方法
aristo（best，elite，精英）＋
cracy（统治）一贵族，上层社会
（精英统治阶层）
n.贵族
a group or class considered
superior to others
近义 elite,patriciate,nobility
相关 aristocrat n.贵族，
aristocratic adj.贵族的
词组 status of aristocracy 贵族
身份
?
25
But Wollstonecraft nonetheless
managed to show how the
traditionally feminine virtues of
sentimental morality had been
transferred by Burke to the
aristocracy.
TC＆SE-XDF 红皮
Not surprisingly, the (i)____ of
the printing press(ii) mass
literacy, as books were no
longer(iii) exclusive to the clergy
and aristocracy.A. prospect B.
advent C. demise D.
subsidizedE.engendered
F.ameliorated G.tokens H.
windfalls I. assets
In time of aristocracy, people's
fates are not in the hands of
themselves.贵族统治时代人们的
命运并不掌握在自己手中。
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armory
美［＇arməri］
记忆方法
近形联想：arm（武器）＋
ory（factory，工厂）→军械库，
兵工厂
n.军械库，兵工厂
a supply of arms for defense or
attack
相关 munition n.军火
▶The armories were important in
the World War ll.
兵工厂在二战中是很重要的。
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aroma
美［ə＇roumə］
记忆方法
谐音联想：aroma（＂啊肉末
＂）一芳香（闻到肉的香味）
n.芳香
a distinctive pervasive and
usually pleasant or savory smell
近义 fragrance， incense，
redolence， perfume
The aroma of coffee always
cheers me up.
咖啡的浓香总能给我一份好心情。
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arouse
美［ə＇rauz］
记忆方法
rouse（rise，升高，起来）一唤
醒（提高音量）一引起，激起
（提高刺激强度）
?
v.唤醒
to awaken from sleep
相关 arousal n.唤醒；引起，激起
Diana aroused them just before
dawn.
戴安娜在黎明前唤醒了他们。
v.引起，激起
to rouse or stimulate to action or
to physiological readiness
foractivity
近义 stir, rouse, instigate, incite,
provoke
反义
pacify, conciliate, assuage,
soothe, propitiate
词组 arouse sb＇s interest／
curiosity 引起某人的兴趣／好奇
心
Without invoking gods or

demons, great comic art arouses
courage in reason, courage
which grows out of trust in what
human beings can do as
humans.
The whole community was
aroused by the crime.
这个罪行使整个社会行动起来。
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arrest
美［ə＇rest］
记忆方法
近形联想：ar（ad，to）＋rest
（静止，休息）一抓捕（使人强
制休息）→阻碍，阻止
（使事物静止不动）→吸引（使
别人的眼光停留下来）
v.逮捕
to take or keep in custody by
authority of law
近义 apprehend, detain, seize
反义 discharge , emancipate,
release, unfetter
相关 arrested adj.被逮捕的
152
However, such documents are
likely to be highly unreliable,
unrepresentative, and
unsystematically preserved,
especially when
compared to the detailed judicial
dossiers
prepared for everyone arrested
following a failed insurrection.
The police say seven people
were arrested for minor offences.
警方称有 7 人因轻罪被捕。
v.阻碍，阻止
to stop the progress or
movement of
近义 hamper， thwart，
stymie， impede， hinder，
inhibit， handicap，
check，shackle,fetter
反义 promote, assist, facilitate,
expedite, precipitate
The sufferer may have to make
major changes in his or her life to
arrest the disease.
患者可能得对自身生活作大的调
整以抑制病情。
?
v.吸引
to attract and hold the attention
of
近义 enchant, fascinate,
mesmerize, enthrall, captivate,
engross
相关 arresting adj.有趣的；引人
注意的
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artful
美［＇a：rtfl］
记忆方法
近形联想：art（＝skill，技巧）
＋ful→有手腕的，狡猾巧妙的
（展现技巧的）
adj.有手腕的，狡猾巧妙的
adroit in attaining an end usually
by insinuating or indirect means :
wily
近义
shrewd，crafty，cunning，devio
us，wily，astute
反义 artless， guileless，
ingenuous， innocent
47 hard
Schechter is atypically
(i)_____the film version of
Stephen King's horror novelThe
shining because the qualities for
which the majority of other critics
have approved it (its artful
camera work and so on) get in
the way of narrative and render
the story less, rather than more,
(ii)_than other films of the same
genre. This is not (iii)_____view,
and we must be grateful to
Schechter for putting it forward.
A. unimpressed with B.confused
by C.enamored of D.
heartbreaking E. comical
F.terrifying G.a commonplace
H.a superior l. an unfamiliar
Some politicians have realised
that there are more artful ways of
subduing people than shooting or
jailing them.
一些政客已经意识到有比枪和监
狱更高明的使民众屈服的方法。
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ascendant
美［ə＇sendənt］
记忆方法
a（加强）＋scend（climb，爬
升）＋ant→上升的一占主导的
（升至主要位置）
adj.占主导的
dominant in position or
influence;superior
近义
dominant，chief，primary，
principal， cardinal
反义 secondary， subordinate，
peripheral， marginal，
subsidiary
Confucianism became the
ascendant beliefs at that time.
儒家学说成为那个时期的主导思
想。
adj.上升的
moving upward
近义 rising,increasing,growing
反义 declining
词组 in the ascendant（权力、影
响等）越来越大；日益受欢迎
The actor's ascendant career
brings him more fame.
这名演员蒸蒸日上的事业带给他
更多的荣誉。
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ascetic
美［ə＇setik］
记忆方法
谐音联想：ascetic（“饿死挨踢
可”）一苦行的，禁欲的
adj.清苦的，苦行的
relating to having a strict and
simple way of living that avoids
physical pleasure
近义 austere,abstemious,
abstinent, frugal, spartan
反义 sumptuous, luxurious ,
sybaritic, voluptuous, hedonistic
词组 ascetic life 清苦的生活
The monks lived a very ascetic
life.
僧侣过着很清苦的生活。
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aseptic
美［ei＇septik］
记忆方法
拆分联想：a（not）＋septic（有
菌的）一无菌的
adj.无菌的
preventing infection
近义 sanitary，hygienic，sterile
Aseptic food processing allows
juices and other liquid foodstuffs
to be packaged and shipped
around the world in mass
quantities.
无菌食品加工使果汁和其他液体
食品的大批量包装和全球运输成
为可能。
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askew
美［ə＇skju：］
记忆方法
近形联想：a（not）＋
skew（skill，技巧）一歪斜的
（没有技巧，画线歪斜）
adj.歪斜的
out of line
近义
awry，oblique，lopsided，slanti
ng，listing
反义 straight，erect
His hat was slightly askew and
he regarded it as stylish.他帽子
稍稍有点歪，他视之为时髦。
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aspen
美［＇æspən］
记忆方法
联想：as（作为）＋pen（笔，铅
笔）一白杨（白杨木质松散，只
适合做铅笔）
n.白杨（树）
a type of poplar tree, with leaves
that move
even when there is very little
wind
词组 aspen forest 白杨林
?
GRE 阅读最新 200 篇
Passage193
During the wolf-free era, heavy
browsing of aspen trees by elk
populations
spelled doom not only fro trees
themselves but for a host of
other
creatures dependent on them,
such as beavers, whose
population in
Yellowstone crashed after wolves
were removed.
?
In stands dominated by trees

such as aspen, however,
incipient gypsy moth outbreaks
are quickly suppressed by viral
epidemics.
There is no lonely aspen on the
grassland.
草原上没有孤单的白杨。
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asperity
美［æ＇sperəti］
记忆方法
谐音联想：a（加强）＋sper（＂
撕破＇")+ity→一严厉，粗暴（撕
破衣服）
n.严厉，粗暴
roughness of manner or of
temper
近义 severity，harshness，
crudity， acrimony
反义 mildness
TC&SE-Magoosh_Medium
With
characteristic___,H.L.Mencken
skewered the sacred cows of his
time, criticizing social trends and
government
institutions with equal asperity.A.
hauteur B. playfulness C. vitriol
D. civility E. dash
He spoke to the boy with
asperity.
他严厉地对那男孩讲话。
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aspersion
美［ə＇spə：3ən］
记忆方法
谐音联想：a（加强）＋sper（＂
撕破＇")+sion＇）＋sion-诽谤，
中伤（语言暴力）
n.诽谤，中伤
a false or misleading charge
meant to harm someone's
reputation
近义 slur，defamation，
calumny， maligning，
obloquy，slander
反义
tribute，eulogy，laudation，prai
se， compliment
88 hard
The writer's assignment of the
critic includes
personal_____such as jibes
about his physical girth and style
of delivery, and is not the better
for it. A.aspersions B.
commendations C. falsehoods D.
fantasies E. whims F. slurs
You should not cast aspersions
upon an innocent man.
你不应该诽谤一个无辜的人。
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assail
美［ə＇seil］
记忆方法
拆分联想：as（加强）＋sail
（帆）一攻击（扬帆远航，攻击
敌人）一强烈抨击，指责（用语
言进攻）
v.强烈抨击，指责
to attack violently with blows or
words
近义
berate，lambaste，castigate，re
vile， condemn
反义
praise，extol，eulogize，acclai
m，applaud
108
This overturning of convention,
this assailing of standard graphic
and typographic formats, was
part of a search for intellectual
freedom.
The labour movement has been
assailed by accusations of
sexism and demands for change
from feminists.
劳工运动遭到女权主义者的猛烈
抨击，指责其存在性别歧视，并
要求作出改善。
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assemble
美［ə＇sembl］
记忆方法
as（＝ad，加强）＋
semble（same，相同的）一聚集；
组装（把相同的人／东西聚在一
起）
v.聚集；组装
to bring together (as in a
particular place or for a particular
purpose)
近义 gather,concentrate,
congregate, aggregate,amass
反义 disseminate, diffuse,
disperse, scatter
相关 assembly n.集合，集会；
装配，assemblage n.装配，集会
词组 to assemble evidence／
data 收集证据／数据
?
RC-陈虎平 36 套
A nucleus that large cannot be
stable, but it might be possible to
assemble one next to a vacuum
for long enough to observe the
decay of the vacuum.
48 hard
The author of this biography
gives an accurate and
(i)_____account of the
subject'slife story, but all the
carefully assembled detail fails to
compensate for the general lack
of (ii)_____in her writing. A.
exhaustive B.glib C. selective D.
specificity E. veracity F.vivacity
He has assembled a team of
experts to deal with the
problems.
他召集了一班专家来解决这些问
题。
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assent
美［ə＇sent］
记忆方法
近形联想：as（加强）＋
sent（sense，感知，认识）一同
意，赞成（一样的认识）
v.同意，赞成
to agree to something especially
after thoughtful consideration
近义 accede， consent，
subscribe， endorse， sanction
反义 dissent， disagree
The leaders refused to assent to
the peace proposal.领导人们不同
意这个和平协议。
?
n.同意，赞成
official agreement to or approval
of
something
近义 consent, approval,
agreement, concurrence,
compliance,acquiescence
反义 discord,dissent, refusal,
objection, opposition
?
RC-OG
Title pages were generally
prepared last in the publication
process, often
without full authorial assent, and
in the last-minute rush to press,
mistakes were frequently 10
made.
The director has given her
assent to the proposals.
负责人已表示同意提案。
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assiduous
美［ə＇sid3uəs］
记忆方法
as（加强）＋sid（sit，坐）＋
uous-刻苦的，坚持不懈的（久坐
的，说明长期坚持伏案工作）
adj.刻苦的，坚持不懈的
marked by careful
unremittingattention or persistent
application
近义
diligent，industrious，sedulous
， laborious， indefatigable，
painstaking
反义 idle，indolent， sluggish，
lethargic， languorous
TC＆SE-150 必练题目
When the normally (i)_____film
director was interviewed, it was
only the topic of her next movie
that (ii) _____her flow of
words. Her (iii)_____on that
subject suggested that it was an
unwelcome one. A. assiduous
B.loquacious C. diffident D.
diverted E. stanched
F.accentuated G.taciturnity
H.alacrity I. rhapsody
Everyone knows the degree of
master means many years of
assiduous study and hard work.
每个人都知道硕士学位代表着多
年来的勤奋学习和辛苦工作。
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assuage
美［ə＇sweid3］
记忆方法
suage（sweet，甜的）一减轻，
缓解（给吃点糖，减轻痛苦）
v.减轻，缓解
to lessen the intensity of
(something that pains or
distresses)
近义 ease,pacify,appease ,
relieve, alleviate, mollify, allay
反义 aggravate,exacerbate,
worsen, intensify, compound
easy
When the Agriculture Department
(i)_____its dietary guidelines, it
laid down a challenge: Eat better,
smarter, and healthier or else.
The “or else"included a long list
of (ii)_____that (iii)_____the
developed world,from heart
disease and osteoporosis to
diabetes. A. make public
B.debunked C.refused to
consider D. intangibles E.
misconceptions F. maladies G.
assuage H. plague I.ignore
20 median
Though humanitarian
emergencies are frequent
features of television news, such
exposure seldom_____the
public, which rather seems
resigned to a sense of
impotency. A. paralyzes B.
demoralizes C. assuages
D.galvanizes E. exasperates
His reply did little to assuage my
suspicions.
他的答覆一点也没有减少我的怀
疑。
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asteroid
美［＇æstəroid］
记忆方法
近形联想：aster（星星）＋oid
（像）一小行星（像星星的）
n.小行星
any of the small rocky celestial
bodies
found especially between the
orbits of Mars and Jupiter
相关 comet n.彗星
词组 asteroid belt 小行星带
?
120
Rubin suggests that asteroids'
heat could have derived from
collisions between asteroids.
142
Herbert Shaw argues that
because scientists have
underestimated the input of
substantial amounts of energy
from extraterrestrial impactors
(asteroids and comets striking
Earth), they have difficulty
accounting for the difference
between the quantity of energy
produced from sources intrinsic
to Earth and that involved in
plate tectonics.
The earth was struck by an
asteroid, a huge
amount of debris was jettisoned
into the atmosphere.
地球被小行星撞击，大量碎片抛
入大气层。
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astounding
美［ə＇staundin］
记忆方法
stound（strong，强壮的）＋
ing→令人震惊的（强有力的）
adj.令人震惊的
causing a feeling of great
surprise or wonder
近义 astonishing, dumbfounding,
startling,stunning,
stupefying,sensational
?
Until about five years ago, the

very idea that peptide hormones
might be made anywhere in the
brain besides the hypothalamus
was astounding.
?
RC-Magoosh_Medium
Furthermore, a slow process of
continual change does not well
explain why a planet with an
astounding history of volcanic
activity is now volcanically dead.
There was an astounding 20%
increase in sales.
销售量惊人地增加了 20％。
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astringent
美［ə＇strind3ənt］
记忆方法
拆分联想：a（加强）＋string
（绳子，拉紧）＋ent 一严厉的，
尖刻的（声音拉紧的）
adj.严厉的，尖刻的
having a sharp or bitter quality
近义 acerbic, mordant , trenchant
, scathing, sarcastic
反义 moderate,mild
词组 astringent writers 尖刻的
作家
70 median
One might expect someone of
such_ views to have a
comparably dour personality, but
people who have worked with
her talk about how she uses her
considerable charm to convince
people that she is right. A.
forbearing B. convoluted C.
felicitous D. astringent E.
hyperbolic
Her speech included some
astringent comments about the
other candidate.
她的演讲包含着一些对另一位竞
选者尖刻的评论。
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astronomical
美［æstra＇na：mikl］
记忆方法
拆分联想：
astronomi（astronomy，天文）
＋cal→天文的一极大的（以天文
学单位计量的）
?
adj.天文的
of or relating to astronomy
相关 astronomy n.天文学
词组
astronomical observations 天文
观测
142
Classical geology borrowed a
decisive, if unspoken, premise
from Newton-the independence
of Earth's processes from any
astronomical context.
60 easy
The 1840s were_____time for
young women beginning to study
science,particularly astronomy, in
1847 Maria Mitchell discovered
the Nantucket comet, the first of
several important astronomical
discoveries of the era. A.a
favorable B.an awkward C. a
perilous D. a hazardous E. an
improbable F.an auspicious
The figures are astronomical.
这些都是天文数字。
adj.极大的
enormously or inconceivably
large or great
近义 huge, colossal,enormous,
giant, tremendous, gigantic
The costs of land for building are
astronomical.
买地建房的花费很庞大。
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astute
美［ə＇stu：t］
记忆方法
tute（cute，聪明的）一精明的
adj.精明的
having or showing shrewdness
and perspicacity
近义
crafty，artful，shrewd，canny，
perceptive
反义 unwise，ill-advised，
imprudent， injudicious，
improvident
?
RC- No.2-No.9
In spite of such omissions, what
Rosenblatt does include in his
discussion makes for an astute
and worthwhile study.
?
61 easy
The pupil had a reputation for
obduracy, but the teacher found
her to be,on the
contrary,quite_____.A. zealous
B. astute C. tractable D. efficient
E.amusing
He made a series of astute
business decisions
他做了一系列精明的商业决策。
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asunder
美［ə＇sandər］
记忆方法
谐音联想：a（加强）＋
sunder（“散的＂）一撕碎的一成
碎片地，四分五裂地（活用作副
词）
adv.成碎片地，四分五裂地
into parts
近义 apart
The debate is tearing Wall Street
asunder.
这场争论令华尔街分崩离析。
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atomize
美［＇ætəmaiz］
记忆方法
拆分联想：atom（原子）＋ize-
粉碎（使分成原子）
v.使分裂成原子，使粉碎
to reduce something to atoms or
very small pieces
The tube is finally heated to a
temperature of about 2700℃ to
atomize the sample.
最后则把石墨管加热到 2700℃左
右，使样品原子化。
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atrocious
美［ə＇troufəs］
记忆方法
谐音联想：a（加强）＋troci（＂
丑死＂）＋ous-残暴的（暴行是
丑恶的）
adj.残暴的
extremely wicked, brutal, or cruel
近义 brutal，barbaric，
monstrous，savage， vicious
反义 benign，kind-
hearted，humane，sympathetic
， benevolent
词组 atrocious acts of brutality 残
暴的兽行
They committed the most
atrocious cruelties.
他们犯下了极其凶残的暴行。
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atrophy
美［＇ætrəfi］
记忆方法
拆分联想：a（not）＋trophy（营
养）一萎缩，衰退（营养不良）
n.萎缩，衰退
decrease in size or wasting away
of a body part or tissue
近义 decrease， decline，
decay， deterioration，
degeneration
反义
strengthening，improvement，a
dvance， boost， enhancement
The cultural life of the country will
sink into atrophy unless more
writers and artists emerge.
如果没有更多的作家和艺术家出
现，这个国家的文化生活将衰退。
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attenuate
美［ə＇tenjueit］
记忆方法
拆分联想：at（加强）＋
ten（stretch，拉伸）＋uate-削弱，
降低（拉长以降低强度）
v.削弱，降低
to lessen the amount, force,
magnitude, or value of
近义 weaken，diminish，
moderate， temper， mitigate
反义 enhance，magnify，
boost， amplify， heighten
67
However, patronage had been in
decline for 50 years, yet would
survive, in
attenuated form, for another 50.
The drug attenuates the effects
of the virus.
这药能减轻病毒的作用。
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attorney
美［ə＇t3：rni］
记忆方法
谐音联想：attorney（“委托你
＂）→律师，代理人（被人委托
的）
n.律师，代理人
one who is legally appointed to
transact business on another's
behalf;especially :lawyer
36 median
Investors are grateful that the
attorney general has stepped in
to pursue
inquiries into misfeasance in the
financial markets, given that the
regulators officially charged with
policing the industry have been_
A.diffident B.meticulous C.
straightforward D. implacable E.
tenacious
?
71 median
The monitoring is not_____: on
the contrary, the defendant and
his or her attorney are required
to be given notice of the
governments listening activities.
A. obtrusive B. circumspect C.
surreptitious D. adroit
E.meticulous
She was made her father's
attorney when he became ill.
她在父亲生病时代理父亲的事务。
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attune
美［ə＇tun］
记忆方法
at（加强）＋tune（音调）一使协
调（统一音调）
v.使协调
to bring into harmony
近义
accommodate，harmonize，
conciliate， reconcile，
accustom ， adjust
For both, arousal attunes the

animal to whatis ahead.
Collaborating with scientists from
similar socio-economic and
scientific backgrounds can help
attune research to a particular
country's needs.与来自类似的经
济社会和科学背景的科学家协作
可以有助于让科研和特定国家的
需求相适合。
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audacious
美［o：deifəs］
记忆方法
谐音联想：audaci（＂奥德赛
＂）＋ous→大胆的，放肆的（奥
德赛是荷马史诗中远征的勇士）
adj.大胆的，放肆的
very confident and daring
近义
valiant，intrepid；，impudent，
unflinching，presumptuous
词组 an audacious decision 大胆
的决定
50 hard
The cat known to researchers as
M-120-beefy, audacious, and
apparently smart enough to spot
a free lunch-is perhaps the
world's least_____lynx:the
scientists catch him several
times a year. A. intelligent
B.evasive C.fearless D. furtive E.
elusive F. intrepid
82 hard
His own writing style
was____:colorful and tart in its
choice of language,willing to run
risks in its allusions, metaphors,
and verbal juxtapositions,prone
to irreverent conclusions
designed to surprise or
startle.A.effusive B.audacious C.
lyrical D. striking E. ornate
F.emotional
She made an audacious decision
to quit her job.
她做了一个大胆的决定，辞掉了
工作。
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audible
美［＇o：dəbl］
记忆方法
近形联想：audi（audio，声音）
＋ble-能听到的
adj.能听到的
heard or capable of being heard
近义 detectable， discernible，
perceptible
反义 faint
RC-Magoosh_Easy
That leaves the present as the
only audible judge of his work;
but the present is made up of
precisely the people whom the
writer cannot live among, which
is why he subtracts himself from
the actual world in order to
deposit a version of himself in his
writing.
A noise was audible in the
house; it was the Lark sweeping
the stairs.在那所房子里，只听见
一种声音，就是百灵鸟扫楼梯的
声音。
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augment
美［o：g＇ment］
记忆方法
近形联想：aug（big，大）＋
ment→增加，加强
v.增加，加强
to make greater, more numerous,
larger, or more intense
近义 amplify， escalate，
intensify ， exacerbate ，
aggravate
反义 decrease， lessen，
diminish ， dwindle ， abate
104
Scientists suspect that athletes
may experience augmented
bloodstream levels of the
hormone oxytocin during
competition.
(i)_____considerations, however,
make it difficult to
(ii)_____oxytocin levels during
sports events: few will willingly
interrupt play in the middle of a
game in order for scientists to
test players' blood. A. practical
B.theoretical C.ethical D. predict
fluctuations E. quantify changes
in F.trigger elevation of
Caffeine can augment this effect-
increasing our amount of
available fuel.咖啡因可以增加这
种作用，增加我们的可用能量。
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augur
美［＇o：gər］
记忆方法
近形联想：augur（August，八月，
丰收季节）一预言者（预言丰收
的人）一预言
（活用为动词）
?
n.预言者
an official diviner of ancient
Rome
近义 prophet,forecaster
It is surprising that an augur can
see an augury.
出乎意外，占卜家能知预兆。
?
v.预言
to foretell especially from omens
近义 presage,forebode,forecast,
predict, prognosticate,
prophesy,portend
38 hard
The new art museum's
(i)_____building augurs well for
that ambitious institution because
it speaks of
(ii)_____contemporary
architecture on the part of the
board of directors that may
(iii)_____equal astuteness about
contemporary art. A. nondescript
B. outstanding C. outdated D.a
discernment about E.a hostility
toward F.an intoxication by
G.conceal H.supplant l. promise
An uptick in output does not
augur prosperity.
产量上涨并不预示着经济繁荣。
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august
美［：gast］
记忆方法
近形联想：august（August，八
月，丰收季节）一威严的（古代
丰收季节是神圣庄严的节日）
adj.威严的
marked by majestic dignity or
grandeur
近义
revered，venerable，esteemed
， distinguished
▶There's an august group of
statesmen in the auditorium.
大礼堂里坐着一群德高望重的政
治家。
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aura
美［b：rə］
记忆方法
近形联想：aura（air，空气）一
气氛
n.气氛
a distinctive atmosphere
surrounding a given source
近义 atmosphere，mood
She always has an aura of
confidence.
她总是满有信心的样子。
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aurora
美 D＇rore］
记忆方法
词源联想：aurora（Aurora，北
欧神话中的黎明女神）→极光
n.极光
an atmospheric phenomenon
consisting of bands of light
caused by charged solar
particles following the earth's
magnetic lines of force
The aurora is one of nature's
most awesome spectacles.
极光是自然界最可畏的奇观之一。
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auspicious
美［o：spifəs］
记忆方法
au（avi，鸟，飞）＋
spicious（spic，看）一有望成功
的，吉利的（古人认为看到鸟，
是吉利的征兆）
adj.有望成功的，吉利的
showing or suggesting that future
success is likely
近义 favorable,propitious,
prosperous, promising, felicitous,
providential
反义 adverse，inopportune，
untoward， ominous
相关 auspice n.前兆，augurv.
预言，占卜
词组 an auspicious start to the
new school year 新学年的开门红
21 median
Although the political science
professor's paper is
quite(i)_____about the
government's problem,
suggesting that they are part of
(ii)_____a process,
the prognosis for the government
is, on the contrary, actually quite
auspicious.A.straightforward B.
circuitous
C. pessimistic D. degenerative
E. comprehensive F.spontaneous
?
60 easy
The 1840s were_____time for
young women beginning to study
science,particularly astronomy, in
1847 Maria Mitchell discovered
the Nantucket comet, the first of
several important astronomical
discoveries of the era. A.a
favorable B. an awkward C. a
perilous D. a hazardous E. an
improbable F.an auspicious
The publication of my first book
was an auspicious beginning of
my career.我第一本书的出版是我
事业成功的开始。
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austere
美［：stir］
记忆方法
谐音联想：austere（＂熬死爹啊
＂）一清苦的（生活太清苦，缺
少物资，饿死老爹）
一严厉的（缺少愉悦导致没有轻
松和蔼的态度）一朴素的（缺少
华丽的装饰）
adj.朴素的
simple or plain
近义 unadorned, modest, plain,
sober , unembellished
反义 ornate, elaborate ,
baroque
词组
the austere grandeur of mountain
scenery 山区风景的峻秀壮丽
TC＆SE-XDF 红皮
The (i) _____nature of classical
tragedy in Athens belies the
modern
image of tragedy: in the modern
view tragedy is austere and
stripped down,
its representations of ideological
and emotional conflicts so
superbly
compressed that there's nothing
(ii)_.____for time to erode. A.
unadorned
B. harmonious C. multifaceted D.
inalienable E. exigent
F.extraneous
The room was furnished in
austere style.
这间屋子陈设得简单朴素。
adj.清苦的，苦行的
strict or severe in discipline;
giving little or no scope for
pleasure
近义 ascetic , abstemious ,
abstinent, spartan , frugal
反义 voluptuous , extravagant ,
luxurious , hedonistic,sybaritic
相关 austerity n.艰苦；简朴，
austerely adv.严格地，朴质地
词组 the monks＇austere way of
life 僧侣的苦行生活方式
The life of the troops was still
comparatively austere.
军队的生活还是相对清苦的。
?
adj.严肃的，严厉的
stern and cold in appearance or
manner
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authoritarian
美［ə，θo：rəteriən］
记忆方法
拆分联想：authorita（authority，
权威）＋rian→专制的，独裁的
（自认为权威的）
adj.专制的，独裁的
of, relating to, or favoring a
concentration of power in a
leader or an elite not
constitutionally responsible to the
people
近义 autocratic, imperious,
dictatorial,
peremptory , despotic
反义 autonomous, egalitarian
相关 authoritative adj.权威的
词组 an authoritarian regime／
government 威权主义的政体／政
府
?
TC&SE-OG
Unenlightened authoritarian
managers rarely recognize a
crucial reason for the low levels
of serious conflict among
members of democratically run
work groups: a modicum of
tolerance for dissent often
prevents____.A.demur B. schism
C. cooperation D. compliance E.
shortsightedness
TC＆SE-XDF 红皮
Unenlightened authoritarian
managers rarely recognize a
crucial reason for the low levels
of serious conflict among
members of democratically rn
work
groups: a modicum of tolerance
for dissent often
prevents_____.A.demur
B.schism C.cooperation D.
compliance E. shortsightedness
Senior officers could be
considering a coup to restore
authoritarian rule.高官们可能会策
划一场政变来复辟独裁统治。
?
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autocracy
美［o：＇ta：krəsi］
记忆方法
拆分联想：auto（self，自己）＋
cracy（统治）一独裁统治，独裁
政府（自己一个人说了
算）
n.独裁统治，独裁政府
the authority or rule of an
autocrat; government in which
one person possesses unlimited
power
近义 absolutism，dictatorship，
totalitarianism， tyranny
反义 democracy
相关
autocratic adj.独裁的，专制的
Many poor countries are
abandoning autocracy.
很多贫穷国家都在放弃独裁统治。
?
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avant-garde
adj.前卫的，先锋派的
of,relating to,or being part of an
innovation group,especially one
in the arts
近义 experimental，innovative，
pioneering， original， novel
反义 banal，stale，trite，
hackneyed， stereotyped，
clichéd
108
Instead,graphics produced by
avant-garde artists exclusively
for the avant-guard (as opposed
to their advertising work) were
usually difficult to decipher,
ambiguous, or nonsensical.
27 median
Though many avant-garde
writers_ _traditional distinctions
among literary categories,
combining elements of biography
and fiction, prose and poetry, this
fusion of forms has been slow to
catch on with publishers. A.flout
B. presuppose C. exploit
D.imitate E. illuminate
Where the show really excites is
in the display of avant-garde
photography.那场展览真正令人激
动的就是先锋派摄影的展示。
?
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avaricious
美［ævə＇rifəs］
记忆方法
谐音联想：avari（＇挨饿啊＂）
＋cious→贪婪的（挨饿的人贪
吃）
adj.贪婪的
excessively acquisitive especially
in seeking to hoard riches
近义 rapacious, covetous,
greedy, acquisitive, voracious
反义 generous,altruistic ,
magnanimous ,
philanthropic , humanitarian
相关
avarice n.贪婪
59 easy
Because experience had
convinced her that Hector was
both self-seeking and avaricious,
she rejected the possibility that
the motivation behind his
donation had been
wholly_____.A.redundant
B.frivolous C. egotistical
D.ephemeral E.altruistic
F.benevolent
The old peasant was an
avaricious and close-fisted
fellow.
那个老农是个贪婪而又吝啬的家
伙。
?
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avenge
美［ə＇vend3］
记忆方法
谐音联想：avenge（“无畏者”）
一报仇（报仇者不顾自身安危）
v.报仇
to take vengeance for or on
behalf of
近义 revenge，retaliate， requite
TC＆SE-XDF 红皮
The Muses are_____deities: they
avenge themselves without
mercy on those who weary of
their charms. A. rueful B.
ingenuous C. solicitous
D.vindictive E. dispassionate
She swore to avenge herself on
them for the insult that had been
offered to her name and
reputation.
她发誓为侮辱她的名望和声誉向
他们进行报复。
?
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aver
美［ə＇v3：r］
记忆方法
谐音联想：aver（＂啊我”）一断
言，坚称
v.断言，坚称
to say (something) in a very
strong and definite way
近义 affirm，assert， maintain，
claim，avow
反义 deny，gainsay，
contradict， disprove ，
repudiate
I aver it will not rain tomorrow.
我断言明天不会下雨。
?
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averse
美［ə＇v3：rs］
记忆方法
谐音联想：a（against，反对）＋
verse（转动）一反对的，不愿意
的（反向转动）
adj.反对的，不愿意的
having an active feeling of
repugnance or distaste
近义 disinclined,antipathetic,
reluctant , loath, unwilling
反义
keen，eager，longing，yearning
，avid，agog
相关
aversion n.厌恶，反感
53
And although Herrmann offers
Seneca's modesty as an
explanation, Seneca is not
averse to referring to his other
writings.
I mentioned it to Kate and she
wasn't averse to the idea.
我向凯特提起这个想法，她不反
对。
?
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avert
美［ə＇v3：rt］
记忆方法
谐音联想：a（加强）＋vert（转
动）一转移一避免（自己转移，
避免正面冲突）
v.转移
to turn away or aside
?
Their mutual teasing seemed
(i)_____, but
in fact it (ii)___a
long-standing hostility. A.
aimless.. produced B. friendly..
masked C.
playful..contravened D.
bitter..revealed E.clever.. averted
He avoids any eye contact,
quickly averting his gaze when
anyone approaches.
他避免任何眼神接触，一有人靠
近就把目光迅速移开。
?
v.防止，避免
to prevent from happening
近义 forestall,stave off, preclude,
obviate
?
47 hard
Not only is the advent of
bookless or largely bookless
libraries too large and powerful a
change to be_____, it also offers
too many real advantages for it
to be
considered a tragedy. A.
understood B.averted C.
foreseen D.forestalled E.
endured F.anticipated
He did his best to avert
suspicion.
他尽量避嫌。
?
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avian
美［＇eiviən］
记忆方法
谐音联想：avian（“爱飞”）一鸟
类的（和飞翔相关的）
adj.鸟类的
of, relating to, or derived from
birds
TC＆SE-XDF 红皮
Because we assume the
(i)_____ of natural design, nature
can often(ii) us:as the Wright
brothers noted, the birds initially
misled them in almost every
particular,but their Flyr eventually
succeeded by being the least
avian of the early flying
machines. A. quirkiness B.
preeminence C.maladroitness
D.galvanize E. befriend F.beguile
He is an expert in avian studies.
他是鸟类研究的专家。
?
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avid
美［＇ævid］
记忆方法
谐音联想：avid（＂爱未得＂）
一渴望的，贪婪的（尚未得到，
渴望得到）一热衷的，酷爱的
（褒义化）
adj.渴望的，贪婪的
desirous to the point of
greed:urgent eager
近义 greedy,eager,avaricious,
covetous, rapacious, ravenous,
voracious
相关 avidity n.贪婪
He was avid for more
information.
他渴望知道更多信息。
adj.热衷的，酷爱的
characterized by enthusiasm and
vigorous pursuit
近义 keen,agog, ardent, eager,
thirsty,fervent,zealous
反义 apathetic, indifferent,
lukewarm, phlegmatic,detached
词组 an avid reader／collector
酷爱阅读／收藏的人
?
TC&SE-OG
The novelist devotes so much
time to avid descriptions of his
characters'clothes that the
reader soon feels that
such____concerns, although
worthy of attention, have
superseded any more directly
literary aims. A.didactic
B.syntactical C. irrelevant D.
sartorial E. frivolous
89 hard
To the avid reader of E.O.
Wilson, much of his most recent
book Consilience:The Unity of
Knowledge will be (i)_____, as
the book represents the
culmination of a life spent
thinking about everything from
the social lives of ants to the
social lives of people.
Nonetheless,new thoughts have
been mixed in with the old to
produce a book remark-for its
(ii)_____and ambition. A.
predictable B. discounted C.
startli purvie E.overreaching
F.contingency
She has taken an avid interest
inthe project.
她对这个项目入了迷。
?
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awash
美［ə＇wo：f］
记忆方法
拆分联想：a（加强）＋wash
（冲洗）一充斥的，充满的（水
满而冲洗）
adj.充斥的，充满的
filled, covered, or completely
overrun as if by a flood
近义
full，teeming，overflowing，swa
rming，abundant
反义
deficient，insufficient，meager
，scarce，wanting
84 hard
The recent exhibition on
Dadaism is nothing if not___, for
the visual arts
are currently awash in Dadaist
gestures and gambits of one
variety or
another.A.sensational B. timely
C. daunting D. ill-advised E.
opportune F.
misguided
The ciy is awash with drugs.
这座城市毒品泛滥。
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awe
美［o：］
记忆方法
谐音联想：awe（“嗷”，看到新奇
事物自然发出的声音）一敬畏一
使敬畏（名词活用为动词）
?
n.敬畏
an emotion variously combining
dread, veneration, and wonder
that is inspired by authority or by
the sacred or sublime
近义 admiration, reverence,
respect, veneration
反义
irreverence, insolence, scorn,
superciliousness , derision,
disdain
相关
awesome adj.引起敬畏的，极好
的，awe-inspiring adj.令人起敬畏
心的
词组 awe and respect 敬畏和尊
敬，stand in awe of somebody
对某人望而生畏
?
TC＆SE-XDF 红皮
Their (i) _____ was expressed in
quotidian behavior: they
worshipped regularly,(ii)_____all
the regenerative processes of
nature respect, and even awe. A.
selflessness B. piety C. serenity
D. refusing E.according
F.exacerbating
RC-陈虎平 36 套
These assemblages, walls, even
entire environments create a
mysterious,almost awe -inspiring
atmosphere.
He speaks of her with awe.
他谈到她时肃然起敬。
?
v.使敬畏
to inspire with awe
近义 astonish, horrify, intimidate,
stun,daunt
相关 awesome adj.令人敬畏的
?
She seemed awed by the
presence of so many famous
people.见到这么多名人出席，似
乎令她惊叹不已。
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awry
美［ə＇rai］
记忆方法
wry（wrong，错误的）一出错地
一歪斜的（出错就是一种偏离）
adv.出错地
off the correct or expected
course
近义 amiss,erroneously
?
18 median
Scholarly works on detective
stories often begin with
(i)_____,suggesting that there is
something vaguely wrong with
adults who spend their time
reading such fiction and certainly
something (ii)_____those who
devote energy to its analysis.A.
chronologies B.apologies C.
synopses D. awry in E.astute
about F.courageous about
All my plans for the party have
gone awry.
我的聚会计划全乱了套。
adj.歪斜的
not straight or neat
近义 askew,lopsided,uneven
反义 straight，level，erect，
upright
Her clothes were all awry.
axiomatic
taken for granted: self-evident
近义 self-evident, undeniable,
unquestionable, assumed
反义 controversial ,
contentious,
disputable
Documenting science's (i)_____
philosophy would be
(ii)_____,since it is
almost axiomatic that many
philosophers use scientific
concepts as the
foundations for their
speculations.
A. influence on
B. reliance on
C.Differences from
D. elementary
E. superfluous
F. difficult
It is axiomatic that life is not
always easy.
Axis
a straight line about which a
body or a geometric figure
rotates or may be supposed to
rotate
Passage 20
Finally, Earth's unique and
massive satellite, the Moon,
plays a crucial role in stabilizing
the obliquity of Earth's rotational
axis, this obliquity creates the
terrestrial seasonality so
important to the evolution and
diversity of life.
In addition, "wrinkles"
superposed on each cycle -small
decreases or surges in ice
volume -have come at intervals
of roughly 23,000 and
41,000years, in keeping with the
pre-cession and tilt frequencies
of the Earth's spin axis.
The earth's axis is the line
between the North and South
Poles.

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base

to lower in rank, office, prestige,

to destroy the self-possession or

to accept without objection

Whereas most modern terrestrial

GRE 填空最新 1100 题 Section

immeasurably low or wretched

Woolf's literary models were

The release of the carbon in

advantage to affect chastity and

For example,the spiral

The aluminum silicates are

Further, this pejorative view

The Amazons were often

词组 a particularly apt description

During the opera's most famous

Without invoking gods or

In stands dominated by trees

Until about five years ago, the

For both, arousal attunes the

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