2010 4658 3 3 a fol No.3 2010 58 13 SOUTHEAST ASIAN AFFAIRS General Serial No. 143, 1963 4B EN JE) ett SAPNA Z AEFI TR aR (SERA EOE A BESEBE JH IH 510632) W196 AF 1 ENTREE Fe SR EH AAS” NE) TY ORL FAB ACURA A, SEF SWB a 1 HSE 5 AL De Ra SE SRO Dt AE re ete et RB YM 9 a EI HE ‘Ro A IE HAE) APL SE Se RAUNT A ALB Se AC LM LA AUR DT AF ea AL NEE COs CERISE AY F BB RAIA A A NH OS RSA BUA BE AL A A Hr OH I NHR. SN ET (2) SXF 2 AM RL BA A A a BR KP SRR ADM SORA TE SMSMAAR SEE: DFE) EA ARTES AA I PAR SERS}: D83/87.342.3 KARAT. A SCE 1003 - 9856 (2010)03 — 0019-09 1963 4F 1 ALEVE SALA" MG GK PEM” Bh HEHE) APS RRER ARTA RAR EARP, PUMA LS PRESB — KE KPA i A EE FFL, SET aD MB YOR PB EL | BC ED Fe Sb eR ee IT] BOHM A, BRUBAKER WAAR ASCHER PSEA LE, 3A LT AR ABER ELL” WOE K RIFT, LRT ED CFE) RL” LA BR CAEL, 2010 - 06 -23 ROWE: HL EAE KOHL THA M (20080430846) MH ALLE AAT RI 2008 RH KA A (08)10810157) ERSTE I BR ALIRA, Bech KAPUR A EB MEE IEA ARIE (OBR John Subsitzky, Confronting Sukarno: British, American, Australian and New Zealand Diplomacy in the Mal- aysian-Indonesian Confrontation 1961 § , London; Macmillan Press Lid. , 2000; Matthew Jones, Conflict and Confronta- tion in South East Asia,1961 1965 British, the United States and the Creation of Malaysia, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Press, 2002. 19+NPE) Bab set RR FRE, BERSHAM hh BRA BE OS OP RES, HF FSA BO RAR 25 PR BS SI 20 dite 60 AF ARE BEAK HE ( Macmillan) BLAST} RIE 3 HATS BH RP HS ITE, BR EG A IE TIE, Ie LG RHEAOGEES. 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SEE MSR OH Be, A SHER AAR BRA LE ES SEAH TE MRK RA) BORE ‘TRGB A Ae ET Se AVE (JE, ) Sh SD GR A SE Te aE — 8 BE 9 125+DANE LAPS AMR AR, TOR Me) Se HIBCHFS SB BY J a (88 49 3 al tA A FP 28 VAT BY EE ea J Pe A PE RR I ETL, AEE AO RO EAT a LL BI PKA ATF, BMT FIT EY EE BSN SE AS HAR LS ACA HE ED FB SP EBL SREY SRE D1 Ba 2S” gE HJ TT BT I RE Me Sait EA YS ARS EAP WHA RAS ACT TBR, BIS a RA BE aE RA BANE 3 — PA ST A WO 8 HMB TRAMRAACAM MRA RR. Bt, Be 1963 FACE) BSR AE PE DA Ba RARE HH Be, ERR EH Sh AMAA EJ) EL 2 ae, IE A RO A, FABRE AB aE AAR PH A EK TER: (1)(7] Central Ineligence Agency, “The Malaysian-Indonesian Confit!” (October 30 , 1963) , Declassfied Documents Reference System EES BAGH BE, ULF OA DDRS, FE IE Cale 2° FFF EAH LPC £9 REESE I Be IDA LR SAE Se RAR APB RELY ALIAS IER) , PP.7.9,21-23, [2] Deparment of State, “Background statement on U.S. economic and military assistance to Indonesia and the necessity cf keeping control away from the communists” (1963), DDRS,PP. 1-2 (3] Department of State, “US maintains continuing presence in Indonesia to influence Sukarno’ s policies ” (December 5, 1963), DDRS, PP. 1:3. (4] Conteal Imelligence Agency, “Intelligence Report: Third World Debt Service to the USSR” (February, 1970), DDRS, PP. 4 (5](25] Ie Anak Agung Gde Agung, Twenty Years: Indonesian Forcign Policy (945 1965), Paris: Mouton &CO. , 1973, PP.383-386,433. (6] Central Intelligence Agency, “Intelligence Report: Communist Miltary Assistance to Indonesia” (October, 1966), DORS, PP.1-15. [8] Department of State, “Background statement on U.S. economic and military assistance to Indonesia and the necessity of keeping control away from the communists” (1963) , DDRS,PP. 1. 9] Central Inelligence Agency, “Marshal Malinovskiy* » Statements to Indonesian Leaders on Malaysia” (March 29 , 1963), DDRS,PP.1.3. [10] J. D. Legge, Sukarno; A Political Biography, London; The Penguin Press, 1972, PP. 342-345. [11] Department of State, “Nasution meets President Johnson to achieve a beter understanding” (November 29, 1963) , DDRS,PP. 1-3, (12) SRE « ARO C88 6H $0 Be) AE EA ARAL, 1982.3 164 — 165 FE [13][14] Central Ineligence Agency, “Britain” Malaysia policies” (October 25, 1963), DDRS,PP. 1-8 [15]{16] Department of Site, “Summary of U.S. , Australian, British, New Zealander 10/16/63 discussions on Indone- sia and Malaysia” (1963), DDRS,PP. 1-10. [17] Department of State, “Summary of a meeting between U.S. and Australian officials regarding the effects ofthe Indo- nesian-Malaysian conflict to Australia’ » security” (October 14, 1963), DDRS, PP. 1-7. ; Department of Sute, “Summary of U.S. , Australian, British, New Zealander 10/16/63 discussions on Indonesia and Malaysia” (1963), DDRS, FP.3-6. [18] Department of State, “Summary of a meeting between U.S. and Australian officials regarding the effects ofthe Indo- nesian-Maleysian conflict to Australia’s security”, (October 14, 1963), DDRS,P.6. [19] “Letter From Secretary of State Rusk to Minister of External Afare Barwick” (January 9, 1964) , Foreign Relations of the United States 1964 1968 (DIF RYRR FRUS, A335 BS BC Te AMER 2 CREE +26CH), FI), Volume X XV I,, Document 9, 20] Masashi Nishibare, The Japanese and Sukarno" s Indonesia; Tokyo-Jokarta Relations, 1951-1966, Hawaii: The Uni- verity Press of Hawaii, 1975, PP. 129-130. (21) BSR CA OE BRT 9 BEARS A —" HG IE” IE 2, 1987 — 1966) , AIR = BIC HE, 2004 4, 3 6 He (22) AOI CORSE RAE SCA HES AAI) ) AER AEH , 1973 4,35 167-174 He (23) Che A SEIT LER E/E PU SEAUEDIR A PHA «ABE LARD 1963 AF 4 74 21 SB Me (24) CR aE AA I) CA HA), 1963 4S A173 io (26) Cima a ee Bi AB A DEA ARAL LUD CAB LAR) 1963 4 11S 5B 3 Mo [27] Department of State, “Johnson adnsinistrative history ofthe Deparment of State” time is uncertin) , DDRS, PP.23. [28] Department of State, “Communists and opposition to economic stabilization will exploit effect of Broomfield Amend- ment” (July 31, 1963), DDRS, P.1. [29] “Memorandum from Secretary of State Rusk to President Johnson” (January 6,1964) , FRUS, 1964-1968 , Volume XVI, Document 4, [30] Department of Ste, “Background statement on U.S. economic and military assistance to Indonesia and the necessity cof keeping control away from the communists” (1963) , DRS, PP.1-2. [31] “Telephone conversation between President Johnaon and Secretary of Defense McNamara” (January 2, 1964), FRUS, 1964-1968, Volume XVI, Document 1. (SEE SaaS HA) ‘The Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation of 1963 and Contentions among Big Powers in Southeast Asia ZHANG Xiao-xin (Acodemy of Overseas Chinese Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, Guangdong } Abstract; In 1963, Indonesia launched military confrontation agninst Malaysia to curb the formation of Malaysia Fed-" ration initiated by UK, and « number of big powers were involved. In order to prevent Indonesia from joining the commu nist camp and avoid the ANZUS constraints, the Johneon administration decided to continue its ai policy towards Indonesia while appealing to resolve the confontation by Asian countries concemed. UK, Australia and New Zealand, nevertheless, strongly promoted the formation of Malaysia as a new country, and opposed Indo confrontation policy, aiming at smaintaining the stability of Southwest Pacific. Japan put forward the Ikeda Plan in the hope of restoring the regional peace ‘and market stability, but USA opposed it. Inthe meantime, because ofthe shared political stand to fight agaist imperal- fm and colonialism, Soviet Union and PRC provided the Indonesian goverment with arma and financial aid necesary in the confrontation while considerably increasing their suppor in interatonal media. Contending powers and their different policies resulted from different interests and considerations, thus it deepened the crisis and complicated the confrontation sitution, which in tum eventually led tothe significant changes both in Indonesian domestic politics and in Southeast 5 a whole Key words; The Indoncsia-Malaysia Confvatation, Southeast Asian region, Contentions among big powem, Cold War