X 086 31 4 MS Unsigned

Strictly Confidential: (For Internal and Restricted use only)
Secondary School Examination, 2023

Marking Scheme – Science (SUBJECT CODE -086)
(PAPER CODE –31/4/1)
General Instructions: -
1. You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct
assessment of the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious
problems which may affect the future of the candidates, education system and teaching
profession. To avoid mistakes, it is requested that before starting evaluation, you must
read and understand the spot evaluation guidelines carefully.
2. “Evaluation policy is a confidential policy as it is related to the confidentiality of

the examinations conducted, Evaluation done and several other aspects. Its’
leakage to public in any manner could lead to derailment of the examination
system and affect the life and future of millions of candidates. Sharing this
policy/document to anyone, publishing in any magazine and printing in News
Paper/Website etc may invite action under various rules of the Board and IPC.”
3. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should

not be done according to one’s own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking
Scheme should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed. However, while
evaluating, answers which are based on latest information or knowledge and/or
are innovative, they may be assessed for their correctness otherwise and due
marks be awarded to them. In class-X, while evaluating two competency-based
questions, please try to understand given answer and even if reply is not from
marking scheme but correct competency is enumerated by the candidate, due
marks should be awarded.
4. The Marking scheme carries only suggested value points for the answers. These are
in the nature of Guidelines only and do not constitute the complete answer. The
students can have their own expression and if the expression is correct, the due
marks should be awarded accordingly.
5. The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each
evaluator on the first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the
instructions given in the Marking Scheme. If there is any variation, the same should be
zero after delibration and discussion. The remaining answer books meant for
evaluation shall be given only after ensuring that there is no significant variation in the
marking of individual evaluators.
6. Evaluators will mark( √ ) wherever answer is correct. For wrong answer CROSS ‘X” be
marked. Evaluators will not put right (✓)while evaluating which gives an impression
that answer is correct and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake
which evaluators are committing.
7. If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the
left-hand margin and encircled. This may be followed strictly.
8. If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin
and encircled. This may also be followed strictly.
X_086_31/4/1_Science#Page- 1
9. If a student has attempted an extra question, answer of the question deserving more
marks should be retained and the other answer scored out with a note “Extra
Question”.
10. No marks to be deducted for the cumulative effect of an error. It should be penalized
only once.
11. A full scale of marks 80 (example 0 to 80/70/60/50/40/30 marks as given in Question

Paper) has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks if the answer
deserves it.
12. Every examiner has to necessarily do evaluation work for full working hours i.e., 8
hours every day and evaluate 20 answer books per day in main subjects and 25
answer books per day in other subjects (Details are given in Spot Guidelines).This is
in view of the reduced syllabus and number of questions in question paper.
13. Ensure that you do not make the following common types of errors committed by the
Examiner in the past:-
• Leaving answer or part thereof unassessed in an answer book.
• Giving more marks for an answer than assigned to it.
• Wrong totaling of marks awarded on a reply.
• Wrong transfer of marks from the inside pages of the answer book to the title page.
• Wrong question wise totaling on the title page.
• Wrong totaling of marks of the two columns on the title page.
• Wrong grand total.
• Marks in words and figures not tallying / not same.
• Wrong transfer of marks from the answer book to online award list.
• Answers marked as correct, but marks not awarded. (Ensure that the right tick
mark is correctly and clearly indicated. It should merely be a line. Same is with the
X for incorrect answer.)
• Half or a part of answer marked correct and the rest as wrong, but no marks
awarded.
14. While evaluating the answer books if the answer is found to be totally incorrect, it
should be marked as cross (X) and awarded zero (0)Marks.
15. Any unassessed portion, non-carrying over of marks to the title page, or totaling error
detected by the candidate shall damage the prestige of all the personnel engaged in
the evaluation work as also of the Board. Hence, in order to uphold the prestige of all
concerned, it is again reiterated that the instructions be followed meticulously and
judiciously.
16. The Examiners should acquaint themselves with the guidelines given in the
“Guidelines for spot Evaluation” before starting the actual evaluation. Examiners
should acquaint themselves with the guidelines given in the Guidelines for spot
Evaluation before starting the actual evaluation.
17. Every Examiner shall also ensure that all the answers are evaluated, marks carried
over to the title page, correctly totaled and written in figures and words.
18. The candidates are entitled to obtain photocopy of the Answer Book on request on
payment of the prescribed processing fee. All Examiners/Additional Head
Examiners/Head Examiners are once again reminded that they must ensure that
evaluation is carried out strictly as per value points for each answer as given in the
Marking Scheme.
MARKING SCHEME
SCIENCE (Subject Code–086)
[ Paper Code:31/4/1]
Maximum Marks: 80
Q. No. Marks Total
EXPECTED ANSWER / VALUE POINTS
Marks
SECTION A
1. (c) 1 1
2. (b) 1 1
3. (b) 1 1
4. (d) 1 1
5. (b) 1 1
6. (c) 1 1
7. (c) 1 1
8. (b) 1 1
9. (b) 1 1
10. (a) 1 1
11. (a) 1 1
12. (d) 1 1
13. (b) 1 1
14. (c) 1 1
15. (b) 1 1
16. (d) 1 1
17. (a) 1 1
18. (d) 1 1
19. (c) 1 1
20. (b) 1 1
SECTION B
21. (A) (i) • Copper (II) chloride / Copper chloride / Cupric ½
chloride / CuCl2
• colour- blue-green. ½
(ii) CuO + 2HCl → CuCl2 + H2O 1
OR
(B) X : Sodium Chloride / NaCl ½
Y : Hydrogen /H2 ½
Z : Chlorine / Cl2 ½
B : Bleaching powder / CaOCl2 ½ 2
22. (A) (i) Cerebellum / Hind brain ½
(ii) Medulla / Hind brain ½
(iii) Cerebrum / Forebrain ½
(iv) Medulla / Hind brain ½
OR
(B) Tip of shoot / tip of root ½
(i) Shoot / stem ½
(ii) Shoot / stem ½
(iii) Roots ½ 2
23. (i) Brings the blood containing nitrogenous waste into the kidney. ½
(ii) Removal of urine / passing out of urine ½
(iii) Filtration of blood ½
(iv) Selective reabsorption of useful materials. ½ 2
24. • The plant kept in dark is unable to carry out photosynthesis and 1
due to absence of oxygen it cannot respire.
• But the plant kept in light is able to photosynthesize converting 1
CO2 into oxygen which it can use for respiration. 2
25. (A) (i) Myopia / Short Sightedness ½
(ii) • Excessive curvature of eye lens ½
• Elongation of eye ball ½
(iii) Concave lens /Diverging Lens ½
OR
(B) • Size of particles in the atmosphere is smaller than the wavelength 1
of visible light, so they scatter light of shorter wavelengths i.e.
blue.
• In space, there is no scattering of light due to absence of 1
particles. (no atmosphere) 2
26. As these pesticides are non biodegradable so they get concentrated at each
subsequent trophic level progressively & ultimately result in
Biomagnification. 2 2
SECTION C
27. (i) • To increase the conductivity of water ½
• Hydrogen – cathode Oxygen – anode ½, ½
• Anode : Cathode
1: 2
/Volume of hydrogen liberated at cathode is twice that of oxygen ½
liberated at anode.
(ii) • White silver chloride turns grey ½
• Decomposition reaction / Photolytic Decomposition ½ 3
28. (i) The acid must always be added slowly to water with constant stirring. 1
(ii) Sodium sulphate / Na2SO4 ½
pH = 7 ½
(iii) Dry HCl is unable to ionise
/ Due to absence of hydrogen ion or hydronium ion 1 3
29. (A) (i) Food enters through a specific spot with the help of movement of
cilia. 1
(ii)
(a) Creates an acidic medium which facilitates the action of enzyme / ½
kills microorganisms ingested with the food.
(b) Digestion of proteins ½
(c) Mixing the food thoroughly with digestive juices. / pushes food
forward by peristalsis. ½
(d) Conversion of starch into sugar ½
OR
(B) (i) Blood goes through the heart twice during each cycle. 1
(ii) • To prevent oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing for
efficient supply of oxygen to the body. 1
• It helps birds and mammals who have high energy needs and
constantly use energy to maintain their body temperature. 1 3
30. (A)
(i) It is a point on the principal axis of a diverging mirror from where the 1
rays parallel to principal axis appear to diverge after reflection.
(ii) The distance between the pole and the principal focus of a mirror. 1
OR
1 1 1
(B) − = ½
v u f
1 1 1
=𝑓+𝑢
𝑣
f=15 cm, u=-25 cm, h=10 cm ½
1 1 1 2 1
= 15cm+ -25cm = 75 = + 37⋅5
v
v = 37·5 cm 1
v
height of the image =  height of the object ½
u
37  5
 10 cm
- 25 cm
=
h’ = -15 cm ½ 3
31. 1
• Focal length of lens, f(m) = ½
P
P = + 4·0 D
1
 f = + 4 D = 0.25 m = 25 cm ½
• Real and inverted ½
• Magnification = -1 ½
[Deduct ½ mark if direction of rays is not marked] 3
32. (A) (i) Alternating current can be transmitted over long distances 1
without much loss of electric energy.
(ii) Household supply – Alternating current (AC) ½
Battery of Dry cell – Direct current (DC) ½
(iii) It melts and breaks the circuit when a current of higher value than
its rating flows through it. 1
OR
(B) •
[Deduct ½ mark if direction of current or magnetic field is not

marked]
• Maximum at A ½
Magnetic field lines are crowded. /
Magnetic field adds up due to ‘n’ number of turns of a solenoid. ½
• Minimum at B ½
Magnetic field lines are far apart. ½ 3
33. •
Biodegradable Non-biodegradable
Biodegradable wastes can be Non-biodegradable wastes 1
broken down by biological cannot be broken down by
processes. biological processes.
• Impact of accumulated biodegradable wastes:

(i) Foul smell ½
(ii) Breeding place for carriers of diseases (or any other) ½
• Impact of accumulated non-biodegradable wastes:
(i) Biological Magnification ½
(ii) Affect soil fertility. (or any other) ½ 3
SECTION D
34. (A) (i)
(a)
(b)
(ii) • Isomers ½
• Because they have same molecular formula but different ½
structures
[any one]
(iii)
Saturated Compounds Unsaturated Compounds
• CnH2n+2 • CnH2n and CnH2n-2
• The number of H atoms is • The number of H atoms is either
more than twice of ‘C’ equal to or less than twice of C 1
atoms atom
(Any one)
OR
(B) (i) H2 gas is evolved and Sodium ethoxide is formed. ½
2CH3CH2OH + 2Na → 2CH3CH2ONa + H2  1
(Do not deduct marks for unbalanced equation)
(ii) The melting point of pure ethanoic acid is low (290K) and hence it 1
freezes during winters in cold climates.
(iii) • Ethene is formed /
Hot Conc.
1
𝑪𝑯𝟑 𝑪𝑯𝟐 𝑶𝑯 → 𝑪𝑯𝟐 = 𝑪𝑯𝟐 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶
𝑯𝟐 𝑺𝑶𝟒
Ethene
• H2SO4 – Dehydrating agent / removes water from Ethanol ½

NaOH
(iv) CH3COOCH2CH3 ⎯⎯ ⎯⎯→ CH3COO-Na+ + CH3CH2OH 1
5
35. (i) The two modes of asexual reproduction observed in hydra are:
• Budding: A bud develops as an outgrowth. These buds develop into ½,1
tiny individuals. When fully matured it detaches from the parent
body and become new independent individual.
• Regeneration: Hydra can be cut into any number of pieces and each ½,1
piece grows into a complete organism.
(ii)• Definition: When any vegetative part of plants like root, stem or leaf 1
is used to grow new plants.
• Advantages: -
1. Plants can bear flowers and fruits earlier than those produced from
seeds.
2. It enables the propagation of plants such as banana, orange, rose
and jasmine which have lost the capacity to produce seeds. ½, ½
3. The plants produced are genetically similar enough to the parent
plant to have all the characteristics.
(Any two) 5
36. (i) Current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the
potential difference. / V I / IV 1
(Any one diagram)

(ii)Since ammeter is connected in series, it should not increase the 1
resistance of the circuit. / should allow maximum current to flow
through the circuit.
(iii) • Series combination - Graph A ½
Less slope and more resistance ½
• Parallel combination - Graph B ½
½ 5
More slope and less resistance
SECTION E
37. (i)
(ii)
• They are hard solids
• They are soluble in water
• They conduct electricity in aqueous solution or molten state ½, ½
[Any other]
[Any two]
(iii) (A) • Sodium atom has one electron in its outermost shell 1
• It attains its nearest noble gas configuration by losing this electron
1
forming Na+ ion / 𝐍𝐚 → 𝐍𝐚+ + 𝐞−
2,8,1 2,8
stable
OR
(iii) (B) (i) Because movement of ions in the solid is not possible due to 1
their rigid structure. 1
(ii) H2 gas is liberated at cathode. 4
38. (i) Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, 1
which combines to the characters of both parents and cause variation.
(ii)
F1 generation F2 generation
• In F1 generation only the • In F2 generation both
dominant traits are expressed. dominant and recessive traits
are expressed.
• It refers to the offspring/ plants • It refers to the

resulting immediately from a cross offspring/plants resulting from
between the first set of parents. a cross among the plants of F1
1
generation.
[Any one]
(iii) (A) Because if a niche of population of organisms is altered, the
whole population could be wiped out. However, if variations are present
2
in this population they have some chance of survival.
[Alternate answer]
If there is a population of bacteria living in temperate waters and if water
temperature were to be increased by global warming, most of the bacteria
would die, but a few variants resistant to heat would survive and grow
further. Thus, variations are useful for survival of species over time.
OR
(iii) (B) • Wrinkled, yellow ½
Round, green ½
• If two or more traits are involved, their genes are independently 1
inherited irrespective of the combination present in parents. 4
39. 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚 ½
(i) Refractive index of diamond = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑
3  10 8 m / s ½
Speed of light in diamond = = 1·23  108 m/s
2  42
(ii) r in carbon disulphide < r in glass <r in water 1
(iii) (A)
(a) • Glass ½
• The speed of light in water is more than the speed of light in glass. /
½
Refractive index of glass is more than the refractive index of water.
(b) Light will enter from water to glass without bending (undeviated /
straight) because in this case ∠i = 0 ; ∠r = 0. 1
OR
(iii) (B)
3
nglass = 2
4
nwater = 3
vglass = 2 × 108 𝑚/𝑠
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚(𝑐)

nglass = 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑔𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑠(𝑣𝑔 )
c = nglass  vglass
3 8
= 2 × 2 × 10 𝑚/𝑠
= 3 × 108 𝑚/𝑠 1
𝑐 3×108 𝑚/𝑠
vwater = 𝑛 = 4
𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟
3
9
= 4 ×108 m/s or 2.25  108 m/s 1
4
************************
1. You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct
assessment of the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious
problems which may affect the future of the candidates, education system and teaching
profession. To avoid mistakes, it is requested that before starting evaluation, you must
read and understand the spot evaluation guidelines carefully.
2. “Evaluation policy is a confidential policy as it is related to the confidentiality of

the examinations conducted, Evaluation done and several other aspects. Its’
leakage to public in any manner could lead to derailment of the examination
system and affect the life and future of millions of candidates. Sharing this
policy/document to anyone, publishing in any magazine and printing in News
Paper/Website etc may invite action under various rules of the Board and IPC.”
3. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should

not be done according to one’s own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking
Scheme should be strictly adhered to and religiously followed. However, while
evaluating, answers which are based on latest information or knowledge and/or
are innovative, they may be assessed for their correctness otherwise and due
marks be awarded to them. In class-X, while evaluating two competency-based
questions, please try to understand given answer and even if reply is not from
marking scheme but correct competency is enumerated by the candidate, due
marks should be awarded.
4. The Marking scheme carries only suggested value points for the answers. These are
in the nature of Guidelines only and do not constitute the complete answer. The
students can have their own expression and if the expression is correct, the due
marks should be awarded accordingly.
5. The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each
evaluator on the first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the
instructions given in the Marking Scheme. If there is any variation, the same should be
zero after delibration and discussion. The remaining answer books meant for
evaluation shall be given only after ensuring that there is no significant variation in the
marking of individual evaluators.
marked. Evaluators will not put right (✓)while evaluating which gives an impression
that answer is correct and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake
which evaluators are committing.
7. If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks
awarded for different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the
left-hand margin and encircled. This may be followed strictly.
8. If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin
and encircled. This may also be followed strictly.
9. If a student has attempted an extra question, answer of the question deserving more
marks should be retained and the other answer scored out with a note “Extra
Question”.
10. No marks to be deducted for the cumulative effect of an error. It should be penalized
only once.
11. A full scale of marks 80 (example 0 to 80/70/60/50/40/30 marks as given in Question

Paper) has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks if the answer
deserves it.
12. Every examiner has to necessarily do evaluation work for full working hours i.e., 8
hours every day and evaluate 20 answer books per day in main subjects and 25
answer books per day in other subjects (Details are given in Spot Guidelines).This is
in view of the reduced syllabus and number of questions in question paper.
13. Ensure that you do not make the following common types of errors committed by the
Examiner in the past:-
• Answers marked as correct, but marks not awarded. (Ensure that the right tick
mark is correctly and clearly indicated. It should merely be a line. Same is with the
X for incorrect answer.)
• Half or a part of answer marked correct and the rest as wrong, but no marks
awarded.
14. While evaluating the answer books if the answer is found to be totally incorrect, it
should be marked as cross (X) and awarded zero (0)Marks.
15. Any unassessed portion, non-carrying over of marks to the title page, or totaling error
detected by the candidate shall damage the prestige of all the personnel engaged in
the evaluation work as also of the Board. Hence, in order to uphold the prestige of all
concerned, it is again reiterated that the instructions be followed meticulously and
judiciously.
16. The Examiners should acquaint themselves with the guidelines given in the
“Guidelines for spot Evaluation” before starting the actual evaluation. Examiners
should acquaint themselves with the guidelines given in the Guidelines for spot
Evaluation before starting the actual evaluation.
17. Every Examiner shall also ensure that all the answers are evaluated, marks carried
over to the title page, correctly totaled and written in figures and words.
18. The candidates are entitled to obtain photocopy of the Answer Book on request on
payment of the prescribed processing fee. All Examiners/Additional Head
Examiners/Head Examiners are once again reminded that they must ensure that
evaluation is carried out strictly as per value points for each answer as given in the
Marking Scheme.
MARKING SCHEME
Maximum Marks: 80
Q. No. Marks Total
Marks
SECTION A
1. (c) 1 1
2. (c) 1 1
3. (b) 1 1
4. (d) 1 1
5. (b) 1 1
6. (b) 1 1
7. (c) 1 1
8. (d) 1 1
9. (a) 1 1
10. (c) 1 1
11. (b) 1 1
12. (b) 1 1
13. (d) 1 1
14. (b) 1 1
15. (c) 1 1
16. (c) 1 1
17. (b) 1 1
18. (c) 1 1
19. (d) 1 1
20. (a) 1 1
SECTION B
21 (i) It shields the surface of the earth from harmful ultraviolet radiations of 1
the Sun.
(ii) It was due to CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) which are used as 1
refrigerants/ fire extinguishers / aerosols. 2
22 (A) (i) Myopia / Short Sightedness ½
OR
(B) • Size of particles in the atmosphere is smaller than the wavelength of 1
visible light, so they scatter light of shorter wavelengths i.e. blue.
• In space, there is no scattering of light due to absence of
particles. (no atmosphere) 1 2
23 • The plant kept in dark is unable to carry out photosynthesis and 1
24 • The bile juice makes the food alkaline so that pancreatic enzymes can act 1
on it.
• It breaks down large globules of fat into smaller globules / Emulsification 1 2
of fat takes place.
25 • Adrenaline ½
• Three responses:-
(1) It increases the heartbeat.
(2) Blood to the digestive system is reduced.
(3) Breathing rate increases .
(4) Blood to the skin reduced. (Any three points) ½×3 2
26 (A) (i) • Copper (II) chloride / Copper chloride / Cupric ½
chloride / CuCl2
OR
Y : Hydrogen /H2 ½
SECTION C
27 •

(i) Foul smell ½
28 (A) (i) Alternating current can be transmitted over long distances 1
OR
(B) •
[Deduct ½ mark if direction of current or magnetic field is not marked]

• Maximum at A ½
• Minimum at B ½
29
Concave lens Convex lens
• Diminished image / m<1 • Magnified image / m>1 ½
• v<u/ •v>u/
image distance < object distance image distance > object distance ½
• Myopia / Short Sightedness

– diverging lens / concave lens ½
– brings image back to retina ½
• Hypermetropia / Far Sightedness
– converging lens / convex lens ½
– brings image back to retina ½
3
30 (A) (i) Convex lens / Converging lens 1
(ii) Power, P = +2D

1
𝑓(𝑚) = 𝑃 ½
1
f= = 0·5 m = 50cm ½
2
u = -100cm
1 1 1 ½
= -
f v u
1 1 1 1 1 1
= + = - =
v f u 50 100 100
v = 100 cm = 1 m ½
Alternate answer only for image distance
Since object is at 2f, image will be formed at 2f. Therefore, image distance
is 100 cm.
as f= 50 cm, u=1m or 100 cm = 2f
u=v=1m
OR
(B) (i) It is a point on the principal axis of a diverging lens from where the 1
rays parallel to principal axis appear to diverge.
(ii) The distance between the optical centre and the principal focus of the
lens. 1
31 (A) (i) Food enters through a specific spot with the help of movement of
cilia. 1
(ii)
OR
32 (i) Acidified water has more ions than pure water. 1
H O
(ii) KOH (s) ⎯⎯2⎯→ K+ (aq) + OH-(aq) 1
(iii) The process is highly exothermic / may cause excessive heating /heat is
released and may cause harm / mixture may splash out 1
3
33 (i) • To increase the conductivity of water ½
• Anode : Cathode
1: 2
liberated at anode.
• Decomposition reaction / Photolytic Decomposition ½
3
SECTION D
34 (i) Current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the
potential difference. / V I / IV 1
(Any one diagram)

(ii)Since ammeter is connected in series, it should not increase the 1
resistance of the circuit. / should allow maximum current to flow
More slope and less resistance ½
5
35 (i) The two modes of asexual reproduction observed in hydra are:
(ii)• Definition: When any vegetative part of plants like root, stem or leaf is 1
used to grow new plants.
• Advantages: -
seeds.
(Any two) 5
36 (A) (i) Covalent compounds do not have free ions / electrons 1
(ii) • It does not form C4+ cation, as the removal of four valence
electrons will require a huge amount of energy. 1
• Carbon does not form C4- anion as the nucleus with six protons
1
will not be able to hold ten electrons due to its small size.
(iii)
(iv) (a) Oxygen / O ½

(b) Chlorine / Cl ½
OR
(B) (i) • The molecules of soap are Sodium or potassium salts of long chain
1
carboxylic acids / RCOO-Na+ .
• The ionic end of soap interacts with water while the carbon chain
interacts with oily dirt. The soap molecules thus form structures
called micelles where one end of the molecule is towards the oil
droplet while the ionic end faces outside. This forms an emulsion
2
in water. The soap micelles thus helps in pulling out dirt in water
and we can wash our clothes clean.
(ii) Detergents do not form insoluble precipitates (scum) with calcium and
1 5
magnesium ions present in hard water.
SECTION E
37 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚 ½
(i) Refractive index of diamond = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑
3  10 8 m / s ½
Speed of light in diamond = = 1·23  108 m/s
2  42
(iii) (A)
(a) • Glass ½
½
Refractive index of glass is more than the refractive index of water.
(b) Light will enter from water to glass without bending (undeviated /
straight) because in this case ∠i = 0 ; ∠r = 0. 1
OR
(iii) (B)
3
nglass = 2
4
nwater =
3

3 8
= 2 × 2 × 10 𝑚/𝑠
= 3 × 108 𝑚/𝑠 1
𝑐 3×108 𝑚/𝑠
vwater = 𝑛 = 4
3
9 1
= 4 ×108 m/s or 2.25  108 m/s 4
38 (i) Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, 1
(ii)
are expressed.

1
generation.
[Any one]
(iii) (A) Because if a niche of population of organisms is altered, the whole
population could be wiped out. However, if variation is present in this
2
population they have some chance of survival.
[Alternate answer]
OR
Round, green ½
• If two or more traits are involved, their genes are independently inherited
irrespective of the combination present in parents. 1
4
39 (i)
(ii)
[Any other]
[Any two]
1
forming Na+ ion / 𝐍𝐚 → 𝐍𝐚+ + 𝐞−
2,8,1 2,8
stable
OR
(iii) (B) (i) Because movement of ions in the solid is not possible due to 1
their rigid structure.
(ii) H2 gas is liberated at cathode. 1 4
1. You are aware that evaluation is the most important process in the actual and correct assessment
of the candidates. A small mistake in evaluation may lead to serious problems which may affect
the future of the candidates, education system and teaching profession. To avoid mistakes, it is
requested that before starting evaluation, you must read and understand the spot evaluation
guidelines carefully.
2. “Evaluation policy is a confidential policy as it is related to the confidentiality of the

examinations conducted, Evaluation done and several other aspects. Its’ leakage to public
in any manner could lead to derailment of the examination system and affect the life and
future of millions of candidates. Sharing this policy/document to anyone, publishing in
any magazine and printing in News Paper/Website etc may invite action under various
rules of the Board and IPC.”
3. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should not be
done according to one’s own interpretation or any other consideration. Marking Scheme should
be strictly adhered to and religiously followed. However, while evaluating, answers which
are based on latest information or knowledge and/or are innovative, they may be assessed
for their correctness otherwise and due marks be awarded to them. In class-X, while
evaluating two competency-based questions, please try to understand given answer and
even if reply is not from marking scheme but correct competency is enumerated by the
candidate, due marks should be awarded.
4. The Marking scheme carries only suggested value points for the answers. These are in the
nature of Guidelines only and do not constitute the complete answer. The students can have
their own expression and if the expression is correct, the due marks should be awarded
accordingly.
5. The Head-Examiner must go through the first five answer books evaluated by each evaluator
on the first day, to ensure that evaluation has been carried out as per the instructions given in
the Marking Scheme. If there is any variation, the same should be zero after delibration and
discussion. The remaining answer books meant for evaluation shall be given only after ensuring
that there is no significant variation in the marking of individual evaluators.
marked. Evaluators will not put right (✓)while evaluating which gives an impression that
answer is correct and no marks are awarded. This is most common mistake which evaluators
are committing.
7. If a question has parts, please award marks on the right-hand side for each part. Marks awarded
for different parts of the question should then be totaled up and written in the left-hand margin
and encircled. This may be followed strictly.
8. If a question does not have any parts, marks must be awarded in the left-hand margin and
encircled. This may also be followed strictly.
9. If a student has attempted an extra question, answer of the question deserving more marks
should be retained and the other answer scored out with a note “Extra Question”.
10. No marks to be deducted for the cumulative effect of an error. It should be penalized only once.
11. A full scale of marks 80 (example 0 to 80/70/60/50/40/30 marks as given in Question Paper)
has to be used. Please do not hesitate to award full marks if the answer deserves it.
12. Every examiner has to necessarily do evaluation work for full working hours i.e., 8 hours every
day and evaluate 20 answer books per day in main subjects and 25 answer books per day in
other subjects (Details are given in Spot Guidelines).This is in view of the reduced syllabus and
number of questions in question paper.
13. Ensure that you do not make the following common types of errors committed by the Examiner
in the past:-
• Answers marked as correct, but marks not awarded. (Ensure that the right tick mark is
correctly and clearly indicated. It should merely be a line. Same is with the X for incorrect
answer.)
• Half or a part of answer marked correct and the rest as wrong, but no marks awarded.
14. While evaluating the answer books if the answer is found to be totally incorrect, it should be
marked as cross (X) and awarded zero (0)Marks.
15. Any unassessed portion, non-carrying over of marks to the title page, or totaling error detected
by the candidate shall damage the prestige of all the personnel engaged in the evaluation work
as also of the Board. Hence, in order to uphold the prestige of all concerned, it is again reiterated
that the instructions be followed meticulously and judiciously.
16. The Examiners should acquaint themselves with the guidelines given in the “Guidelines for
spot Evaluation” before starting the actual evaluation. Examiners should acquaint themselves
with the guidelines given in the Guidelines for spot Evaluation before starting the actual
evaluation.
17. Every Examiner shall also ensure that all the answers are evaluated, marks carried over to the
title page, correctly totaled and written in figures and words.
18. The candidates are entitled to obtain photocopy of the Answer Book on request on payment of
the prescribed processing fee. All Examiners/Additional Head Examiners/Head Examiners are
once again reminded that they must ensure that evaluation is carried out strictly as per value
points for each answer as given in the Marking Scheme.
MARKING SCHEME
Maximum Marks: 80
Q. No. Marks Total
Marks
SECTION A
1. (b) 1 1
2. (c) 1 1
3. (d) 1 1
4. (b) 1 1
5. (c) 1 1
6. (c) 1 1
7. (b) 1 1
8. (b) 1 1
9. (b) 1 1
10. (d) 1 1
11. (a) 1 1
12. (a) 1 1
13. (c) 1 1
14. (b) 1 1
15. (d) 1 1
16. (b) 1 1
17. (d) 1 1
18. (a) 1 1
19. (b) 1 1
20. (c) 1 1
SECTION B
21. • Auxin
1
• Auxins slowly diffuse towards the shady side of the shoot which
stimulate cells on the shady side to grow longer, causing the plant to 1
bend towards light. 2
22. (A) (i) • Copper (II) chloride / Copper chloride / Cupric ½
chloride / CuCl2
OR
Y : Hydrogen /H2 ½
23. • The plant kept in dark is unable to carry out photosynthesis and 1
24. • Lymph 1
• Functions:
(i) carries digested and absorbed fat from intestine. ½
(ii) drains excess fluid from extracellular space back into the blood. ½ 2
25. Gardens have biotic components like plants, and animals. All these living
organisms interact with each other and with abiotic components of 2
ecosystem like water, air and soil. 2
26. (A) (i) Myopia / Short Sightedness ½
OR
(B) • Size of particles in the atmosphere is smaller than the wavelength of 1
visible light, so they scatter light of shorter wavelengths i.e. blue.
• In space, there is no scattering of light due to absence of
particles. (no atmosphere) 1 2
SECTION C
27. (a) •7 ½
• salt of strong acid and strong base ½
(b) • Pink / orange ½
• salt of weak base and strong acid ½
(c) • No change / remain blue 1 3
28. (i) • To increase the conductivity of water ½
• Anode : Cathode
1: 2
liberated at anode.
• Decomposition reaction / Photolytic Decomposition ½ 3
29. Given,
Distance of object, u = -20 cm
1
Magnification m =
2
−𝑣 1
 m = 𝑢  v = -  -20 = 10 cm ½, ½
2
Using mirror formula
1 1 1
= + ½
𝑓 𝑣 𝑢
1 1 1 1
= 10 – 20 = 20
𝑓
f =20 cm ½
1
If m = and v’ and u’ are the corresponding image distance and object
3
1 −𝑣′ −𝑢′
distance. = 𝑢′  𝑣 ′ = 3 ½
3
1 1 1
= 𝑣′+ 𝑢′
𝑓
1 −3 1 1 −2
= + 𝑢′  =
20 𝑢′ 20 𝑢′
u’ = – 40 cm. ½ 3
30. (A) (i) Food enters through a specific spot with the help of movement of
cilia. 1
(ii)
OR
31. (A) (i) Alternating current can be transmitted over long distances 1
OR
(B) •
[Deduct ½ mark if direction of current or magnetic field is not

marked]
• Maximum at A ½
• Minimum at B ½
32. •

(i) Foul smell ½
33. (A)
• The splitting up of white light into its constituent/seven different 1
colours while passing through a glass prism is called dispersion of white
light.
• (i) Violet bends the most ½
• (ii) Red bends the least ½
OR
(B)
• A rainbow is a natural spectrum of sunlight appearing in the sky after the 1
rainfall.
•
Red Violet
SECTION D
34. (i) The two modes of asexual reproduction observed in hydra are:
(ii)• Definition: When any vegetative part of plants like root, stem or leaf 1
is used to grow new plants.
• Advantages: -
seeds.
(Any two) 5
35. (i) Current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the 1
potential difference. / V I /IV
(Any one diagram)

(ii)Since ammeter is connected in series, it should not increase the
resistance of the circuit. / should allow maximum current to flow 1
More slope and less resistance ½ 5
36. (A)
(i) CH4 +2O2 → CO2 +2H2O 1
(ii)
1
Ethanol Ethanoic Acid
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
OR
(B) (i)
½,½
(ii)
(iii)
(a) Propanol ½
(b) Propanal ½
(iv)
(a) Benzene ½
(b) Butene ½
(v)
SECTION E
37. (i) Sexual reproduction involves the fusion of male and female gametes, 1
(ii)
are expressed.

1
generation.
[Any one]
(iii) (A) Because if a niche of population of organisms is altered, the whole
population could be wiped out. However, if variation is present in this 2
population they have some chance of survival.
[Alternate answer]
OR
Round, green ½
• If two or more traits are involved, their genes are independently
1
inherited irrespective of the combination present in parents. 4
38. 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚
(i) Refractive index of diamond = 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑑 ½
3  10 8 m / s
Speed of light in diamond = = 1·23  108 m/s ½
2  42
(iii) (A)
(a) • Glass ½
Refractive index of glass is more than the refractive index of water. ½
(b) Light will enter from water to glass without bending (undeviated / 1
straight) because in this case ∠i = 0 ; ∠r = 0.
OR
(iii) (B)
3
nglass = 2
4
nwater = 3

3 8
= 2 × 2 × 10 𝑚/𝑠
= 3 × 108 𝑚/𝑠 1
𝑐 3×108 𝑚/𝑠
vwater = 𝑛 = 4
3
9
= 4 ×108 m/s or 2.25  108 m/s 1 4
39. (i)
(ii)
[Any other]
[Any two]
forming Na+ ion / 𝐍𝐚 → 𝐍𝐚+ + 𝐞− 1
2,8,1 2,8
stable
OR
(iii) (B) (i) Because movement of ions in the solid is not possible due to
their rigid structure. 1
1 4
(ii) H2 gas is liberated at cathode.

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Secondary School Examination, 2023

2. “Evaluation policy is a confidential policy as it is related to the confidentiality of

3. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should

11. A full scale of marks 80 (example 0 to 80/70/60/50/40/30 marks as given in Question

• Real and inverted ½

[Deduct ½ mark if direction of rays is not marked] 3

[Deduct ½ mark if direction of current or magnetic field is not

• Impact of accumulated biodegradable wastes:

34. (A) (i)

(iii) • Ethene is formed /

• H2SO4 – Dehydrating agent / removes water from Ethanol ½

(Any one diagram)

• It refers to the offspring/ plants • It refers to the

vglass = 2 × 108 𝑚/𝑠

𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚(𝑐)

2. “Evaluation policy is a confidential policy as it is related to the confidentiality of

3. Evaluation is to be done as per instructions provided in the Marking Scheme. It should

11. A full scale of marks 80 (example 0 to 80/70/60/50/40/30 marks as given in Question

• Impact of accumulated biodegradable wastes:

[Deduct ½ mark if direction of current or magnetic field is not marked]

• Myopia / Short Sightedness

(ii) Power, P = +2D

(Any one diagram)

(iv) (a) Oxygen / O ½

vglass = 2 × 108 𝑚/𝑠

𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚(𝑐)

• It refers to the offspring/ plants • It refers to the

2. “Evaluation policy is a confidential policy as it is related to the confidentiality of the

[Deduct ½ mark if direction of current or magnetic field is not

• Impact of accumulated biodegradable wastes:

(Any one diagram)

• It refers to the offspring/ plants • It refers to the

vglass = 2 × 108 𝑚/𝑠

𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑢𝑚(𝑐)

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