4 Results Below is a table that shows the operational usability heuristics, The frst column shows ‘the original 10 heuristics of Nielsen. The second column shows the concepts under each adits definition. The third column shows the questions related toeach concept Heuristic Concept Visibility of ysiem status 1 -State: Uses should Know what they are capable of doing in the system at any given moment [2 Location: Users should | Know what system they ae in and where they are located | within the system Questions that shouldbe asked ‘State: + When looking at the diferent elements on the system (inks, buttons, et). do you know what you ean do with them? = When any changes happen in the system, ae they immediatly reflected inthe system? Do changes happen immediately, or do they tke | Location: | Do you know in which system ‘you are located, and can you | Setermine this easily? Do you know the page you are [on Can you ind out easily? = Do you know where you are [in elation to other pats of the system? Can you determine this easly? continued) @ Dipindai dengan CamScannerOperational Usability Hewisics 177 comme) — _ Heise ‘Concept Qoestions that should Be asked 3 - Progress The wer shold | Progress: ‘know To far they are fiom - When you Work on a action, ccouplnbing de yoal Joes he ysten el you tam Jong iwi take for competion? = When you complete 2 mult-page task oes the ‘yale tell you how many steps welett When there Hite capacity In the system (rage. memory, fc) does the system ell you ow mh i eft? Are progress measures Sccurt Itsy takes one ‘mite, does realy ake one Tre bath active and passive ress measures provided? “4-Cloure: Users should" Closure: ‘expliclykinow that heir gol = When you finish a tak, does teas accomplished repaless the spstem provide you with ‘ofthe outcome feedback? = Does the sysem give you feedback if you got eter a Fight ora wrong esl” Does feedback spp immediatly, o dest the 2 ong time? = Can you easly interpret the fewahack? what you did was wrong, does the system offer a explanation? “Match between system and 1- Understandably: The Understandably: the real word content of the system should - Is every piece of stem Teunderstandable bythe content (ext, icons. images, ers ofthe sytem fe) understandable, specially bythe age idence? (continued) @ Dipindai dengan CamScanner178 A. Abulfaraj and A Stele (comiued) Heuristic “User control and freedom Come‘ veo ar stl ak 2 Naturaland gad | Natural and lel order: Grd The comet and |- Date spe reed o SECGerae joe sout | comple atk oo swe! {Sw sean andl |e 00th allow de oe ie aft th tk wel be heen va wo? Tra te sep ied 2 complete sk yah te. Sangou pir wht es _sepstould be? 3 Appropriateness Te | Appropriateness: ote aftesymem shelley content clement a he ftmyoyetoihe wes |ytem text con. mages fee ayacr i) pprepie? Dothey “faach be emi o te freee “There anager ofthe ‘yen tt mia be ene [ote ange ane? Reversi Can ou any accion felbany ate taeon (dela, sent pate) 08 teyuen Shc perma on the ate? "Canyon eo ay acon (detec sem pat, o) you ‘Sve promo the ster? ‘undo and ed cay oo? How many tps ack on 00 snd oF eo? 2 Emergency ext The wser | Emergency exit should beableto quit any ~Can you escape fom any ‘undesinble situation on the situation in the sytem? ‘sem Theiteaty toda? 3 Informing users: Users Informing user should know why the system —_- When the system asks you for ashing them to enter cman personalemsive information, fnformation, and they should” does tell you why itis Know how the information waned? lle handed Does the system tell you how ‘his information i going vo be stored and handled? ‘contact @ Dipindai dengan CamScannerOperational Usability Hewisies 179, (eominued Hewinie Concept Question that shoul be asked ‘Consistency and standards |= Consistency: Elements of | Consistency: meaning anti, = Does the system alway eer ‘iganizaion effort and tothe same element by the Teeling shouldbe consistent same nae across the ssem? throughout the whole system = Do elements that appear ‘Ment acrons the systems always dothe same hing? Do the inerface layout and organization have similar appearance actos the ystmn? When you work oa a multi-page ask, she same tffort needed fr each page. leis thee consistency inthe effet needed fr each pags? {Do the mpl parts of the ‘stem have the same fel, tho you perceive the diferent pats ofthe system as belonging 2.Standards: The system Standards: should take advantage of = Do you el that your pat ‘common practices in similar experiences with smile ‘ystems and follow thems systems helped yout using this system? = Does this help you in ‘understanding comtent meaning? =Does it hep in performing ‘tion on the sptem? Dees the system erganization ook simile that of ther similar systems? Enror prevention 1-tnstructions: Sufficient | Instructions: isrvtions shouldbe Does the system provide you Provided to the user before with instructions an bow wo any given ask complete a ceri ak that requires a specific thing tobe ‘hone? Are isrtions cea and cay to understand? “Are isiutions clearly visible? = Are insirutions to long? (continued) @ Dipindai dengan CamScanner180 A. Abulfaraj and A Steele (continued) Heuristic ‘The system should not allow the usce to take action that wil Hea wo obvious errors 3+ Conlirmation: The ‘system should ask users to confirm their actions 10 make ‘ure that the ation is intended 4 Notification: The system should notify users when ‘changes on the system are happening ‘5 Autosaving: The system ‘should auto-save users’ input tomake sure ther effort will ‘not be los if something goes ‘wrong (6 Flexible inputs: The system should give users a ‘choice to enter the inputs ina [orm with which they feet | comfortable ‘Questions that should be asked ‘Constraints: = Tn situations where the ctiowinput is clearly wrong oF ‘ill lead t erroneous outcome, does the system prohibit that action/inpat from taking place? = When you are prohibited fom performing a certain ‘ctiowvinput, do you have an idea why this has happened? ‘Confirmation: ‘When committing to a major ction that has a long-lasting impact, does the system ask you to confirm the action? Notification: = When an importanyserious ‘event occurs, does the system notify you? = Does the system ell you what is going to happen if you donot take a econimended action? Autosaving: + When you ate entering/writing input that takes considerable imefetfort, does the sysern ulomatically save your work? Do you know when your input is being ato-saved? + Is input retrieval easy or automatic? Flexible inputs: = When the system asks you to fenler an input that comes in ferent forms (ate, phone ‘number, weight, ee.) does it allow yout enter it inthe form you want? When it takes form you like and converts it, cam you see the conversion? (continued) @ Dipindai dengan CamScannerOperational Usability Heuristics 181 (continued) Heuristic ‘Concept ‘Questions that should be asked T-Defaults: The system Defaults should use the most expected - When you ae in an empty eta State, athe system dfauls the expected ones? Is there any indication of| exactly what the defaults are? Recognition rather than 1 Availability: The content Availablity: recall that users needto accomplish 1s everything you would need certain goals shouldbe clearly to accomplish your goal clearly ‘resented to them, and they presented to you? Should not need 1 rely on = When completing a multi-step their memory to remember task, ithe information them presented in one step also needed in other steps presented toyou? 2. Suggestions: The system | Suggestions: Should provide users with = When you ae inthe empty suggestions vo make the sate, does the system provide process of remembering thei you with suggestions on how to code easier proceed? + When you search for something within the system and don't exactly recall it does the sytem provide you with suggestions? = When you browse the system, ‘does it provide you with suggestions of things similar to your browsing target? Are these suggestions secure? Flexibility and emiciency of 1 - Flexibility: The system Flexibility: we ‘Should provide users with = Does the system prove you Ailferent ways to accomplish with ferent paths toward the same goal 0 sccomplishing the same geal? ‘accommodate diferent users = Will Were with a vaiely of ‘and differen situations abilities and shils beable to ‘we the systems? 2-Efficieney: The tasks Efficiency: ‘Sequence ofthe system should. = Could the numberof ‘be nits simplest form Stepstimeletfr required to accomplish a goal be reduced? (continued) @ Dipindai dengan CamScanner182A. Abulfarajand A. Steele (continued) Heewistic ‘Aesthetic and minimalist 1 - Aesthetie: The system design should be aesthetically Is the system aesthetically pleasing to users pleasing w you? =Do the imerface elements appear tobe in harmony’? = Are audiovvideo ___ell-presented in the system? 2 Organization: The (Organization: ‘content ofthe system should - When looking at the interface, be organized ina way that are related elements organized allows the user 1o distinguish in a way tha shows their each element ‘relationships? = When looking at the imerace, ‘could you easily distinguish among the different elements (meaus, paragraphs, et)? 3-Simplicity: The system Simplicit should not contain any = Is there any extraneous ‘unnecessary content that content on the system (features, ‘would distract the user icons, texts, ec.) that could be mite? = Is there anything inthe Jmerface that distracts you from _ _ propery focusing? Help users recopnize, 1 Recognizing errors: The Recognizing error diagnose, and recover from user should easly recognize - When an error oceus, do you ‘errors that an error happened notice it? Is the error indication the expected one, or did it tke 2- Understanding errors: | Understanding errors: ‘The user should easily = When you notice an error, do ‘understand what error you know exactly what itis? ‘occurred "Can you read it easily? + Is eror information writen in ‘an appropriate way’? ‘Is it writen ina way that might intimidate or ty wo blame you? (continued) @ Dipindai dengan CamScanner(continued) Heuristic Concept ‘Questions that shouldbe asked 3 Recovering from errors: | Recovering from errors “The system should provide the - When you know ofan ror, tier with a evoantendation | do you kaw how wo cesove i? ‘onhow toresole the err = Is the solution presented 0 you in an appropriately ‘tionable manner? The system should Help: Provide the user with means = Does the system provide you fo contact the help team with the capability to comtact. the suppoet tam? Are there malipe ways 10 ‘contact the support team or only one? Do you receive an explanation ‘of ow long it wll ake ‘receive a support eam response? 2- Documentation: The | Documentaton: system should provide the | Is there documentation fom ‘ser with suficiem material o | which you can find solutions or lear the system and to know | Jeam more about the system? how tocvercome any Can you in all posible potential obstacles soltions? Isthe material easy 10 ‘understand? Can you easily find the material? Can you easily search with the terial? Does the material priori the ation frequency? Is the material categorized? = Hf there are video/audio tutorials. ae they t00 long? 1s conental documentation splayed next othe maj tusks? ep and documenta 5. Discussion ‘The reason for having operational usability heuristics isto facilitate the detection of usability problems and increase the quality of the results. Although this list of questions is part ofa more comprehensive work that focuses on different aspects of HE, it could be used as a standalone material, The list was produced mainly to help novice evaluators. @ Dipindai dengan CamScanner