PHP.... Part 3

Web Development
ADEL AHMED ALHAJJ

PHP Date and Time 2
 The date/time functions allow you to get the date and time from the server where your
PHP script runs.
 You can then use the date/time functions to format the date and time in several ways.
.‫ النصي‬PHP ‫ الوقت الحصول على التاريخ والوقت من الخادم حيث يتم تشغيل برنامج‬/ ‫تتيح لك دوال التاريخ‬ 
.‫ الوقت لتنسيق التاريخ والوقت بعدة طرق‬/ ‫يمكنك بعد ذلك استخدام دوال التاريخ‬ 
 The date() function formats a local date and time, and returns the formatted date
string.
.‫ وإرجاع سلسلة التاريخ المنسقة‬، ‫ على تنسيق التاريخ والوقت المحليين‬date () ‫تعمل الدالة‬ 
PHP Date and Time 3
 The date/time functions allow you to get the date and time from the server where your
PHP script runs.
 You can then use the date/time functions to format the date and time in several ways.
.‫ النصي‬PHP ‫ الوقت الحصول على التاريخ والوقت من الخادم حيث يتم تشغيل برنامج‬/ ‫تتيح لك دوال التاريخ‬ 
.‫ الوقت لتنسيق التاريخ والوقت بعدة طرق‬/ ‫يمكنك بعد ذلك استخدام دوال التاريخ‬ 
 The date() function formats a local date and time, and returns the formatted date
string.
.‫ وإرجاع سلسلة التاريخ المنسقة‬، ‫ على تنسيق التاريخ والوقت المحليين‬date () ‫تعمل الدالة‬ 
PHP Date and Time 4
 Here are some of the most common date format characters and their values.
Character Meaning Example

D day of the month with leading zeros 03 or 17
J day of the month without leading zeros 3 or 17
D day of the week as a three-letter abbreviation Mon

l full day of the week Monday
m month as a number with leading zeros 09 or 12
n month as a number without leading zeros 9 or 12
M month as a three-letter abbreviation Sep

F full month September
y two-digit year 18
Y full year 2018
PHP Date and Time 5
<?php
echo date('Y');
// Output — 2018
echo date('F Y');

// Output — September 2018
echo date('d F, Y');

// Output — 13 September, 2018
echo date('d F, Y (l)');

// Output — 13 September, 2018 (Thursday) ?>
PHP Date and Time 6
 You can also use the date() function to output the time. Here are some of the most
commonly used time format characters:
Character Meaning Example
g hours in 12-hour format without leading zeros 1 or 12
h hours in 12-hour format with leading zeros 01 or 12
G hours in 24-hour format without leading zeros 1 or 13
H hours in 24-hour format with leading zeros 01 or 13
a am/pm in lowercase am
A am/pm in uppercase AM
i minutes with leading zeros 09 or 15
s seconds with leading zeros 05 or 30
PHP Date and Time 7
<?php
echo date('h:i:s A');
// Output — 11:03:37 AM
echo date('l, h:i:s A');

// Output — Thursday, 11:04:09 AM
echo date('d F Y, h:i:s A');

// Output — 13 September 2018, 11:05:00 AM
?>
PHP Date and Time 8
PHP Date and Time 9
PHP Date and Time 10
 Convert a Datetime String to a Timestamp
 The strtotime() function will be helpful when you want to convert different date and
time values in string format to a timestamp.
 The function can parse almost all kinds of datetime strings into timestamps.
‫ مفيدة عندما تريد تحويل قيم مختلفة للتاريخ والوقت بتنسيق سلسلة إلى طابع‬strtotime() ‫ستكونالدالة‬ 
.‫زمني‬
.‫يمكن للوظيفة تحليل جميع أنواع سالسل التاريخ والوقت تقريبًا إلى طوابع زمنية‬ 
<?php
$some_time = strtotime("10 months 15 days 10 hours ago");
echo 'It was '.date('l', $some_time).' on '.date('d F, Y h:i:s', $some_time).'.';
// Output — It was Sunday on 29 October, 2017 03:16:46.
$some_time = strtotime("next month");

echo 'It is '.date('l', $some_time).' on '.date('d F, Y h:i:s', $some_time).'.';
// Output — It is Saturday on 13 October, 2018 01:18:05.
$some_time = strtotime("third monday");

echo 'Date on the third monday from now will be '.date('d F, Y', $some_time).'.';
// Output — Date on the third monday from now will be 01 October, 2018.
$some_time = strtotime("last day of November 2021");

echo 'Last day of November 2021 will be '.date('l', $some_time).'.';
// Output — Last day of November 2021 will be Tuesday.
?>
PHP Array 18
 An array is a special variable, which can hold more than one value at a time.
 If you have a list of items (a list of car names, for example), storing the cars in single
variables could look like this:
$cars1 = "Volvo"; $cars2 = "BMW"; $cars3 = "Toyota";
 An array can hold many values under a single name, and you can access the values by
referring to an index number.

PHP Array 19
 Create an Array in PHP
 In PHP, the array() function is used to create an array:
 Type of Arrays
 In PHP, there are tow types of arrays:
 Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index
 Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys

PHP Array 20
 PHP Indexed Arrays
 There are two ways to create indexed arrays:
 The index can be assigned automatically (index always starts at 0), like this:
$cars = array ("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota") ;
 Or the index can be assigned manually:
$cars[0] = "Volvo"; $cars[1] = "BMW"; $cars[2] = "Toyota";

PHP Array 21
 Get The Length of an Array
 The count() function is used to return the length (the number of elements) of an array:
<?php
$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota"); <?php
echo count($cars); $cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");
?> $arrlength = count($cars);
for ($x = 0; $x < $arrlength; $x++)
{ echo $cars[$x];
echo "<br>"; } ?>

PHP Array 22
 PHP Associative Arrays
 Associative arrays are arrays that use named keys that you assign to them.
 There are two ways to create an associative array:
$age = array("Ali"=>"35", "Sameer"=>"37", "Mohammed"=>"20");
 Or:
$age['Ali'] = "35"; $age['Mohammed'] = "37"; $age['Sameer'] = "20";

PHP Array 23
<?php
$age = array("Ali"=>"35", "Mohammed"=>"37", "Sameer"=>"20");
echo "Ali is " . $age['Ali'] . " years old.";
?>
====================================================
<?php
$age = array ("Ali"=>"35", "Mohammed"=>"37", "Sameer"=>"20");
foreach ($age as $x => $x_value)
{ echo "Key=" . $x . ", Value=" . $x_value; echo "<br>"; }
?>
PHP Array 24
PHP Array 25
PHP Array 26
PHP Array 27
PHP Array 28
PHP Array 29
PHP Array 30
PHP Array 31
Functions of Array >>> array_change_key_case() 32
 PHP array_change_key_case() function changes the case of all key of an array.
 array_change_key_case() Function is used to convert all the keys to the Uppercase or
Lowercase of an Array. >>> Note: It changes case of key only.
 Syntax
array_change_key_case(array, case);
 array – This parameter takes an array.
 case – This parameter takes the case option –
CASE_UPPER – Changes the keys to Uppercase
CASE_LOWER – Changes the keys to Lowercase

Functions of Array >>> array_change_key_case() 33
Functions of Array >>> array_chunk() 34
 The array_chunk() function is used to split an array into arrays with size elements.
 The last chunk may contain less than size elements.
 Syntax
array_chunk ( array, size, preserve_keys);
 array : Required. Specifies the array to use
 size : Required. An integer that specifies the size of each chunk
 preserve_keys : Optional. Possible values:
true - Preserves the keys
false - Default. Reindexes the chunk numerically

<?php
$input_array = array('name1', 'name2', 'name3', 'name4', 'name5');
print_r ( array_chunk ( $input_array , 2) ) ; ?>

Functions of Array >>> sort() 37
 The sort() function is used to sort array elements.
 Elements will be arranged from lowest to highest when this function has completed.
<?php
$subject=array("Language", "English", "Math", "History");
sort($subject);
foreach ($subject as $key => $val)
echo "subject[ " . $key . "] = " . $val . "<br />";
} ?>
 sort() - sort arrays in ascending order
 rsort() - sort arrays in descending order
 asort() - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the value
 ksort() - sort associative arrays in ascending order, according to the key
 arsort() - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the value
 krsort() - sort associative arrays in descending order, according to the key

Functions of Array >>> array_reverse() 41
 The array_reverse() function is used to reverse the order of the elements in an array.
 Syntax:
array_reverse(array , preserve_keys) ;
 array :Required. Specifies an array
 preserve :Optional. Specifies if the function should preserve the keys of the array or
not. Possible values:
 true
 false
 The default value is FALSE

Functions of Array >>> array_reverse() 42
Functions of Array >>> array_search() 43
 The array_search() function searches the specified value in an array.
 It returns key if search is successful.
 Syntax
array_search( value, array )
 Parameter Values
 value : Required. Specifies the value to search for
 array : Required. Specifies the array to search in

?php
$fruits = array( 0 => 'Orange', 1=> 'Apple', 2 => 'Banana', 3 => 'Cherry');
$result = array_search ('Cherry', $fruits) ;
echo $result; ?>

Functions of Array >>> array_merge() 46
 The array_merge() function merges one or more arrays into one array
 Syntax:
array_merge(array_name1, array_name2, array_name3...)
 Parameters:
 array_name1: The name of the array.
 array_name2: The name of the array.

Functions of Array >>> array_merge() 47
Functions of Array 48
 The array_pop() function is used to remove the last element of an array.
 Syntax: array_pop (array_name)
 The array_shift() function is used to remove the first element from an array,
 Syntax: array_shift(array_name)
 The array_splice() function removes selected elements from an array and replaces it
with new elements.
 The function also returns an array with the removed elements.

 Syntax: array_splice (array, start, length, replacement)
 array (Required) – The array whose fraction of elements you want to remove.
 start (Required) – This parameter takes the position number of the element from where
you want to start removing.
 length (Optional) – The length defines how many elements you want to remove from the
starting number. If length is omitted, removes everything from starting position to the
end of the array
 replacement (Optional) – If you specify an array into this parameter, then the removed
elements will be replaced with elements from this array.

Functions of Array >>> array_pop() 50
?php
$array1= array ('Mathematics','Physics','Chemistry','Biology') ;
$subject = array_pop ($array1) ;
print_r($array1) ; ?>
Functions of Array >>> array_shift() 51
?php
$fruits_list = array(0 => 'Orange', 1=> 'Apple', 2 => 'Banana',3 => 'Cherry');
$result= array_shift ($fruits_list) ;
print_r($fruits_list) ;
echo '</br>'.$result;
?>
Functions of Array >>> array_splice() 53
?php
$colors = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow", "orange");
$removedEl = array_splice ($colors, 1, 2 );
print_r($colors);
echo "\n# - Removed Element\n";
print_r ($removedEl); ?>

?php
$colors = array("red", "green", "blue", "yellow", "orange");
$newColors = array("purplle", "pink", "white");
$removedEl = array_splice ($colors, 1, 2, $newColors );
print_r($colors); echo "\n# - Removed Element\n";
print_r($removedEl); ?>
Functions of Array >>> array_push() 58
 The array_push() function is used to add one or more elements onto the end of an
array. The length of array increases by the number of variables pushed.
 Syntax: array_push(array_name, value1, value2...)
<?php
$array1= array('Mathematics','Physics');
array_push ($array1,'Chemistry','Biology');
print_r($array1); ?>
Functions of Array >>> array_push() 59
Functions of Array >>> implode() 60
 The implode() function returns a string from the elements of an array.
 Syntax
Implode ( separator , array ) ;
 separator :Optional. Specifies what to put between the array elements.
 array :Required. The array to join to a string

Functions of Array >>> explode() 63
 The explode() function breaks a string into an array.
 Syntax
explode( separator, string , limit )
 separator Required. Specifies where to break the string
 string Required. The string to split
 limit Optional. Specifies the number of array elements to return.


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Web Development

ADEL AHMED ALHAJJ

PHP script runs.

PHP script runs.

Character Meaning Example

J day of the month without leading zeros 3 or 17

D day of the week as a three-letter abbreviation Mon

n month as a number without leading zeros 9 or 12

M month as a three-letter abbreviation Sep

echo date('F Y');

echo date('d F, Y');

echo date('d F, Y (l)');

commonly used time format characters:

Character Meaning Example

g hours in 12-hour format without leading zeros 1 or 12

h hours in 12-hour format with leading zeros 01 or 12

G hours in 24-hour format without leading zeros 1 or 13

H hours in 24-hour format with leading zeros 01 or 13

echo date('l, h:i:s A');

echo date('d F Y, h:i:s A');

 Convert a Datetime String to a Timestamp

time values in string format to a timestamp.

$some_time = strtotime("next month");

$some_time = strtotime("third monday");

$some_time = strtotime("last day of November 2021");

variables could look like this:

$cars1 = "Volvo"; $cars2 = "BMW"; $cars3 = "Toyota";

referring to an index number.

 Create an Array in PHP

 In PHP, the array() function is used to create an array:

 In PHP, there are tow types of arrays:

 Indexed arrays - Arrays with a numeric index

 Associative arrays - Arrays with named keys

 PHP Indexed Arrays

 There are two ways to create indexed arrays:

$cars = array ("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota") ;

 Or the index can be assigned manually:

$cars[0] = "Volvo"; $cars[1] = "BMW"; $cars[2] = "Toyota";

 Get The Length of an Array

$cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota"); <?php

echo count($cars); $cars = array("Volvo", "BMW", "Toyota");

?> $arrlength = count($cars);

for ($x = 0; $x < $arrlength; $x++)

echo "<br>"; } ?>

 PHP Associative Arrays

 There are two ways to create an associative array:

$age = array("Ali"=>"35", "Sameer"=>"37", "Mohammed"=>"20");

$age['Ali'] = "35"; $age['Mohammed'] = "37"; $age['Sameer'] = "20";

$age = array("Ali"=>"35", "Mohammed"=>"37", "Sameer"=>"20");

echo "Ali is " . $age['Ali'] . " years old.";

$age = array ("Ali"=>"35", "Mohammed"=>"37", "Sameer"=>"20");

foreach ($age as $x => $x_value)

{ echo "Key=" . $x . ", Value=" . $x_value; echo "<br>"; }

 PHP array_change_key_case() function changes the case of all key of an array.

 array_change_key_case() Function is used to convert all the keys to the Uppercase or

Lowercase of an Array. >>> Note: It changes case of key only.

 array – This parameter takes an array.

 case – This parameter takes the case option –

CASE_UPPER – Changes the keys to Uppercase

CASE_LOWER – Changes the keys to Lowercase

 The last chunk may contain less than size elements.

array_chunk ( array, size, preserve_keys);

 array : Required. Specifies the array to use