Madibana Science Tops GRADE 10 PHYSICAL SCIENCES

TOPIC: WAVES, SOUND AND LIGHT

SOUND AND LONGITUDINAL WAVES ACTIVITY 1

CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK 1

QUESTION 1 MCQ

1.1 Which ONE of the following statements is CORRECT?

All waves…
A Are transverse.
B Are longitudinal.
C Travel through a
vacuum
D Transmit energy . (2)
1.2 Study the following wave patterns:

Which COMBINATION is the CORRECT representation of the wave patterns

with the same pitch?

A 1 and 2
B 1 and 3
C 1 and 4
D 2 and 4 (2)

1.3 The amplitude of a sound wave is increased without changing the frequency.
How does this change affect the loudness and pitch of the sound?
LOUDNESS PITCH
A Decreases D
B Decreases Increases
C Increases Unchanged
D Increases Increases
(2)
1.4 The frequency of a wave is defined as the…
A number of complete waves per second.
B time tak,en for one complete wave.
C lowest point on a wave.
D number of points in phase in a wavelength. (2)

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1.5 Which one of the graphs below best describes the relationship between loudness
and the amplitude of the wave? …

(2)

1.6 Which ONE of the combinations below concerning the pitch and loudness of sound
is CORRECT?
The pitch and loudness of sound depend on:

PITCH LOUDNESS
A Speed of vibration Frequency
B Frequency Speed of vibration
C Amplitude of vibration Frequency
D Frequency Amplitude of vibration
(2)
1.7 A tuning fork is made to vibrate by striking it gently on a rubber stopper.
The sound waves produced are…

A transverse waves and require a medium for propagation.

B longitudinal waves and require a medium for propagation.
C transverse waves and do not require a medium for propagation.
D longitudinal waves and do not require a medium for propagation. (2)
1.8 What would a drummer do to make a drum produce a lower pitch?
A Hit the drum less harder.
B Hit the drum harder.
C Tighten the drum skin.
D Loosen the drum skin. (2)

1.9 Doctors use certain equipment to check on the health of unborn babies.
This equipment uses…
…
A x-rays.
B radio waves.
C ultrasound.
D microwaves (2)

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1.10 The diagram below represents two sound waves, A and B.

Which ONE of the following COMBINATIONS that compares the frequency

And loudness of A with B is CORRECT?

Frequency of A Loudness of A
A Greater than B Less than B
B Less than B Greater than B
C The same as B Greater than B
D The same as B Less than B

(2)
1.11 An increase in the amplitude of a sound vibration will…
A increase the loudness but not the pitch
B increase the pitch but not the loudness.
C decrease both the pitch and the loudness.
D .increase both the pitch and the loudness. (2)
1.12. What is the relationship between the pitch and the frequency of the sound wave:…
A inversely proportional.
B directly proportional..
C pitch is directly proportional to loudness.
D both the pitch and the frequency remains constant. (2)

1.13 How is the speed of sound affected by temperature?…

A It increases as temperature increases.
B It decreases as temperature increases.
C It depends on the medium, not temperature.
D It remains constant regardless of temperature. (2)

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ACTIVITY 2

CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK 2

QUESTION 2
A sound wave is produced by a source placed at a certain distance from a building as shown
below. The echo reaches the source after 8 seconds. The speed of sound in air is 340 𝑚. 𝑠−1

2.1 Define the term longitudinal wave. (2)

2.2 Calculate the distance between the sound source and the building. (4)

2.3 Name the property of a sound wave that influences its pitch. (1)

2.4 Above at which frequency magnitude is a sound wave classified as ultrasound (1)

2.5 Name ONE use of ultrasound in the medical treatment of patients. (1)

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ACTIVITY 3
CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK 3

QUESTION 3

3.1 Define the term longitudinal wave. (2)

3.2. A sound wave travels to a high wall which is 225 m away from the source and
it then reflected back.
If the speed of sound in air is 340, calculate the time it takes to hear the echo (4)
The same sound source used in QUESTION 3.2 above is used to produce an echo by
sending the sound into water.

3.3 Is the time it takes to hear the echo LESS THAN, EQUAL TO or GREATER THAN as
that obtained in QUESTION 3.2? Give a reason for the answer.
(3)

3.4 Ultrasound is used in medicine:

3.4.1 State the property of ultrasound waves that enables ultrasound to be used in
imaging. (2)

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ACTIVITY 4
CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK 4
Thembi stands 85 m from a high wall while she is beating a drum. She notices that the echo of
each beat coincides exactly with the beat of the drum if she strikes the drum every 0,5 s.

4.1 Use the information given above to calculate the following:

4.1.1 The speed of sound in the air. (3)

4.1.2 The wavelength of the sound wave, if the drumhead vibrates at 100Hz. (3)
4.2 Ultrasound is often in the medical field to examine the internal parts of the
human body.
4.2.1 What is meant by ultrasound? (2)
4.2.2 Give ONE non medical use of ultrasound. (1)
4.2.3 Why is ultrasound often preferred to other types of body scanning. (2)

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ACTIVITY 5
CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK 5

QUESTION 5
Dolphins communicate through the emission and reception of sounds. A yound dolphin was separated
from its mother and started whistling at a frequency of 130 kHz to call her mother. The speed of sound
in seawater is 1 480 𝑚. 𝑠−1.

5.1 Explain the term ultrasound. (2)

5.2 Calculate the wavelength of the young dolphin`s whistle. (4)

5.3 Another dolphin hears the distress call of the young dolphin 2 s later. How far in
Apart are two dolphins from each other? (4)

5.4 The speed of sound in air is 340 𝑚. 𝑠−1.Briefly explain why the sound in air is
different from the speed of sound in seawater. (2)

5.5 Describe how dolphins use echolocation to hunt their prey. (3)

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ACTIVITY 6

CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK 6

QUESTION 6
The diagram below shows two pulses, P and Q, that move towards each other in a slinky coil.
Pulse P has amplitude of 12 cm and pulse Q has amplitude of 8 cm. The pulses meet at point Y.
Assume there is no loss of energy.

6.1 Define the term transverse pulse. (2)

6.2 Write down the name of the phenomenon that occurs when the two pulses meet at
position Y. (1):

6.3 Calculate the amplitude of the resulting pulse when pulse P and Q meet at position Y. (2)

6.4 Pulse P travels a distance of 0,6 m in 1,5 s. Calculate the speed of pulse P. (3)

6.5 A turning fork, with frequency of 100Hz, created a sound wave as illustrated in the sketch
below.

6.5.1 What type of wave does the turning fork create? (1)

6.5.2 Name the parts labeled R and S. (2)

6.5.3 Calculate the period of the sound wave produced by the fork. (3)

6.6 During a thunderstorm, it is noted that the flash of lightning is seen before the l
oud roar of thunder is heard.

Provide a scientific explanation for this observation.

(2)
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ACTIVITY 7

CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK 7

QUESTION 7
7.1 A longitudinal wave moves along a slinky spring. Positions A and B are the cetres of a
compression and a rarefaction respectively. A and B are 24 cm apart..

7.1.1 Define the term longitudinal wave. (2)

7.1.2 Use the diagram to determine the wavelength of the wave. (2)

7.1.3 Determine the period of the wave if it takes 1,5 s for a particle to
move from A and B. (2)

7.2. Thabo and Thabiso conducted an experiment to determine the speed of sound in air.

They stood 500 m away from a mountain and Thabo fired a toy gun directly towards the

mountain. Thabiso simultaneously started a stop-watch. He then recorded the time taken to

hear the echo. The experiment was repeated three times and readings were recorded.

Experiment Number Time Taken (s)

1 3,01

2 2,95

3 3,04

7.2.1 How is an echo produced? (2)

7.2.2 Determine the average time from the above readings. (1)

7.2.3 Calculate the speed of sound (3)

7.2.4 How does the speed of sound in water compare to the speed of sound in air?

Choose from GREATER THAN, LESS THAN or EQUAL TO). Give a reason. (2)

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ACTIVITY 8

CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK 8

QUESTION 8
Experiments were done to investigate the effect of temperature on the speed of sound. One
person beat a drum while another person, who was standing 50 m away from the sound
source, recorded the time travelled by the sound.

They performed the experiment at different temperatures at different times of the day. They
recorded their findings in the table below.

TEMPERATURE(°C) TIMES(s)
0 0,151
5 0,150
10 0,148
15 0,147
20 0,146
25 0,145

8.1 For the investigation, write down the:

8.1.1 Investigative question. (2)

8.1.2 Independent variable (1)

8.1.3 Dependent variable (1)

8.2 Calculate the speed of sound for the investigation. (3)

8.3 Write down a conclusion for this investigation. (2)

The person who beat the drum, noticed that the sound reflected back after a while.

8.4 Name the term used to describe the reflection of sound waves. (1)

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ACTIVITY 9

CLASSWORK/HOMEWORK 9

QUESTION 9
A band decides to do an experiment on sound during one of their practice sessions.
The diagram below shows a musician playing specific notes on the electric guitar. The
guitar is plugged into a speaker to amplify the sound.

A microphone is connected to an oscilloscope so that the frequency of the sound can

be measured.

The table below represents the data of the notes played by the musician.

NOTE PLAYED BY THE WAVELENGTH OF THE FREQUENCY OF THE

MUSICIAN NOTE(m) NOTE(Hz)
W 3 110
X 6 55
Y 9 37
Z 12 27

9.1 Write down the independent variable. (1)

9.2 Write down the dependent variable. (1)

9.3 Draw a graph of the data by plotting the (y-axis) versus the wavelength (x-axis) of each
note played by the musician. Use the graph paper provided on the attached NSWER
SHEET. (4)

9.4 Use the graph in QUESTION 9.3 to determine the mathematical relationship

between the frequency and wavelength of the notes. . (2)

9.5 Use the information for note X to calculate the speed of the sound. (3)

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