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Related Review of Literature

Struggling language learners may have different uses of literacy and different
experiences of literacy. Thus, all of these affect the success of students as readers.
The traditional approach to teaching reading is to teach the basics through skills-
based instructions. Findings of relevant studies (e.g., Gilakjani & Sabouri, 2016)
have suggested that students should improve their basic skills in order for
comprehension to fully take place. To understand a text, struggling readers are
expected to first decode the meaning of words. Comprehension is however more
complex than learning to decode a text. Meanings are derived from sentences from
the very beginning. When learners cannot decipher the meaning of words, they are
expected to study the context in which it is used and then make an informed guess
about its meaning (Alharbi, 2021)

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