Dsg

Traditional Use Reference Scientific Validation Research-Based Reference

Use
Type of Brief description of the Result
study (In study
vitro/in
vivo/clinical
trial
Traditionally, It’s a clinical n Humans As a Glycyrrhizic
licorice has been trial Glycyrrhizin, the main result, acid, 18-β-
reported to constituent licorice, from glycyrrhetinic
treat many showed impaired oral scientific acid, glycyrrhizin
diseases, such as bioavailability in humans validatio and
asthma, and it was found at very n it is licochalcones
tonsillitis, sore low concentrations after proved are the main
throat, oral administration. After that the constituents
hyperdipsia, oral administration of licorice is that have been
flatulence, licorice, glycyrrhizic acid very isolated from G.
epilepsy, fever, is hydrolyzed to 18β- effective glabra extracts.
sexual debility, glycyrrhizic acid by the to Pharmacological
paralysis, action of intestinal overcom ly, G. glabra and
coughs, stomach bacteria, which e the its main
ulcers, influences a specialized different constituents
heartburn, colic, β-D-glucuronidase [23]. diseases. possess
swellings, Glycyrrhizin acid antimicrobial,
rheumatism, pharmacokinetics, after antiparasitic,
skin diseases, oral ingestion, are more antiviral,
acidity, relevant than glycyrrhizic antitussive,
leucorrhoea, acid as they show 200– immuno-
bleeding, 1000 times stronger 11 β- enhancing,
hemorrhagic HSDs inhibition. antioxidant,
diseases, and Afterward, glycyrrhetic anti-
jaundice acid is rapidly absorbed inflammatory,
[28,29,30,31,32] and transferred by carrier and anticancer
. Moreover, it molecules to the liver effects.
was traditionally where it is metabolized Moreover, they
used as an by lysosomal β-D- show
insecticide, glucuronidase to 3- hepatoprotectiv
laxative, anti- mono-glucuronide 18β- e, anticoagulant,
inflammatory, glycyrrhetinic acid and antidiabetic,
anti-ulcer, sulfate conjugates, which and spasmolytic
antibiotic, anti- subsequently re-degrade activities.
arthritic, to glycyrrhetic acid and Glycyrrhizin, the
antiviral, are reabsorbed, leading main active
memory to a significant delay in constituent
stimulant, terminal plasma of G. glabra, is
anticancer, and clearance [111]. Neither contraindicated
anti-diuretic glycyrrhizin nor 18 β- for
agent [33]. It is glycyrrhetinic acid have administration
used in the been documented to with oral
confection cumulate in tissues. The contraceptives,
industry, such as plasma clearance of hydrocortisone,
in soft drinks, glycyrrhizin and 18 β- and
sweets, and glycyrrhetinic acid is only prednisolone.
alcohol and the dose-dependent at high Administration
tobacco doses that exceed the of high doses of
industry. serum protein binding glycyrrhizin
saturation, while it is not causes pseudo
dose-dependent at low aldosteronism
doses below 120 mg in that may leads
healthy people [19]. to several
Previous studies adverse effects.
documented that
glycyrrhizin and 18 β-
glycyrrhetinic acid
pharmacokinetics could
be affected by other
phytochemical
compounds present in
licorice extracts. For
instance, Isbrucker and
Burdock [19] reported
that glycyrrhizin and 18
βglycyrrhetinic acid
concentrations, after
aqueous licorice root
extract administration to
rats and humans, were
low when compared to
pure glycyrrhizin single
therapy and significant
variations were observed
in the Tmax, areas under
the plasma-time curve
(AUC), and Cmax
parameters. Moreover,
Ploeger et al. [111]
revealed that the plasma
clearance of 18β-
glycyrrhetinic acid
decreases significantly in
chronic hepatitis C and
liver cirrhosis patients,
indicating that the liver
capacity is limited in 18
β-glycyrrhetinic acid
metabolism and/or
excretion in the bile.
Notably, 18 β-
glycyrrhetinic acid has
also been documented to
penetrate the placental
barrier and this could be
observed in the rat
fetuses [111].