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Explain what has to happen for a set of process to achieve a deadlocked state

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A deadlock in a system occurs when two or more processes are unable to proceed because each is
waiting for the other to release a resource. For a set of processes to achieve a deadlock state, the
following conditions, known as the four necessary conditions for deadlock, must be satisfied
simultaneously:

Mutual Exclusion: At least one resource must be held in a non-shareable mode, meaning only one
process can use it at a time. This condition ensures that once a process acquires a resource, no other
process can access it until the first one releases it.

Hold and Wait: Processes must hold a resource while simultaneously waiting for additional resources. In
other words, a process that already holds some resources can request more, and it will be allowed to do
so while retaining its current resources.

No Preemption: Resources cannot be preempted or forcibly taken away from a process. If a process is
holding a resource and another process needs it, the second process must wait until the first process
willingly releases it.

Circular Wait: A circular chain of processes must exist, where each process is waiting for a resource held
by the next process in the chain. This circular wait condition implies that there is a cycle of dependencies
between processes.

When these four conditions are met simultaneously, the system enters a deadlock state, where none of
the processes can make progress, and it may require external intervention to resolve the deadlock, such
as killing processes, releasing resources, or employing deadlock detection and recovery algorithms.