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Any reproduction in any form, physical or electronic mode on public forum ete will lead to infringement of Copyright of NCERT KAKSHA and will attract penal actions including FIR and claim of damages under Indian Copyright Act 1957. $- ica NCERT KAKSHA & afeart sik atttase arnt 2 1 aria var of ux ferett off eu sift or ectagifte ats 4 fret off as hart @ CERT KAKSHA & aithage a1 Sete ot sik ada atthage afta 19S7 ded DTUfAA sik afa ch ard aed ester Hears Ht ore 1 NOTE - go att 3a Alea Mer fed Oo es Te TT A eT EH a TAT fees aga arfaret it on vet 8 safer aia are aia fave & oft sta + mR cS rece MATHS PHYSICS FORMULA SHEET FORMULA SHEET poet Eard ® eClass XII - 2023 - 2024 == Tnx = [és.[untts] COURSE sTRucTURE__| MaRks| re ee Fa nt 2 eeioeng [3] 7 ee 7 [s [ones [Concern A DG, DEL 3 | ¢[Unit-6 | Halealkanes and Haloanenes |S []ot-7 [Ale Phenls and tens | 6] [+ Migrates [8 | Cr [10 [unit-10 | Biomolecules | eta ae | tn TS Ba, Umesh, Bhoiga @ Vaishali Didi @ Always wally you Always with you www.ncertkaksha.comUNIT- 1 ns => Mass Pencentage (w/w) Mass of Solute Total mass of the solution Mass /- of the component = x (00 => volume Pexcentage, (V/V) Solute » component, 'P Total Volume of the solution Volume. of the component ~ Volume of Solute x (00 Mass by Volume pexcentage (w/v) Mass by Volume , - Mass of Solute , Volume of Solution 100 =» Ponts Pen Million Cppm) neni Total Numben_o} ints of the component of pants of all components of the solution x (08 no => Mole fnaction Mole fraction of the component - 0. of moles of the component Total mo. of moles of all the component => Mole fHaction of the solvent in the solution |%_ =_“a m+ => mole fraction of the solute in the solution |%_" "se _ Na+ eg G Note) :-sum of the mole fraction of the component is unity | x_+4 2-1 > Molanity (M) : Moles of Solute Volume of Solution in litne ao | Molality (m) . Moles of Solute _ Numben of mass of Solute, 1009] Mass of Solvent (in ka) Mass of Solvent (in gnams) =~ Nonmatity = Gnam equivalents of solute _ We Volume of solution in litne GEM of solute X V Cin ml) => |qnom equivalents of solute = _Mass_of solute _ Equivalent mass = 1= 9G NCERT Kaksha = Umesh Vaisholl=> Henxy's low p> Kye => Raoult's (aw a0 | OR [ms tr => Raoult’s law fon volatile solute PMC ATR aD => Total pressure |p = 2 +P, Lt + Pantiat Pressure + Henny’ (aw constant ‘mole fraction of the gos Pantial vapoun pressure of 1 antial vapour pressure of 2 vapoun pressure of pune L vapoun pressure of pune 2 R- ne e Cn => Tdeal Solution => Raoult’s law fon non-volatile solute 4) Raoults law’ is obeyed mM, Bi [We * W, Y Baxi =0 @ © 4 (a = eh Wa ) 3) [Bmx V = 0 ‘ 7 ‘=> Non-Tdeal Solution => Relative lowening of vapoun pressune 5) ao ey. Raa Ta Ties WPA 2) [Ang #0 Py Mi Ws 5) [Bn V4 > Elevation of boiling point LAT, = Kym] > ebuttiscopic constont at - Ke x We X 1000 M. X Ws => Depnession of frezzing point | Aly = Kpm| Ky * enyoscopic constant aT; - KeX Ws X 1000 M. X We W, = Mass of Solvent W, = Mass of Solute Mz * Molar mass of solvent M, * molar mast of solute C= molanit => Osmotic pressure(M) | = CRT T= "RT v T= We X RAT Mz XV T + Tempenatune => Van's Hoff facton (i) i = Nonmal_molan mass Abnormal molan mass j= Odsenved colligative propenty Calculated colligative propenty 9 wote :- Tn case of association , £< 1 Th case of dissociation , When thene is neithen association, non dissociation, ¢=£ pt i _ Total _no of moles of particles after association / dissassociation ‘no. of moles of panticies befone association / dissassociation OG NCERT Kaksha = Umesh Vaishali=> Degnee of Disassociation W = Let | m+ number of ions ciel => Modified foxm of Colligative pnopexties p/P. i@) glan= ikym| ylaye- ikem] [T= in, RI/v Ke ® nN => Relation between Molanity and nonmality Nonmality X Equivalent mass. Molanity xX Molan mass (solute) (solute) => Relation between Molanity and “nonmalitys) with rnass) percentage Motanity + __p Xd X 10 Moleculan mass (solute) p> Wnuss percentage Nonmatity = xd X10 SieOey Equivalent mass (solute) => Relation between molanity (M) ond molality (m) |m Gael a a) me) 6 => Relation between Motaliey (m) and Mole fnaction of solute (x4) qe = mx GMM, also, [rm = 1000 my 1000 +m X GMMq TX GMM, => Dilution Fonmula Mii = MV, Similan, [Ny Vy = Ny Vy => molanity of a miztune |M>_MiVi + MM Vit => Relation between molanity (Mm) and mole fraction of solute (25) ae M_X_ GMM, Alo, [M = 1000Xd X x5 M (aMM, - GMMg) + 10004 %q X GMM, + % t GMM, =2= 9 G NCERT Kaksha = Umesh VaishaliUNIT-2 Elatrochemistey - Eu * Ecattode ~ Eanede (cell potential) > Nennst Equations fox a general @electnoue xeaction a Ercan ® Cargay BL ty (CLOT EON cree TVNEIEAD om! haa ae RAR Coates ary) ~ © Yn) 3 Tartar Earyny * EGunyyy)~ 0-059 log (CI (DI*| ny 200% Ca) Yn) TE Tarte Earn) = Ewwryn) BE (| ae Ey/y + Stondand Electrode potential Ew"/m + Electnode potential Een ry oe =o R= ast se'malt Coe Fe hy dT, J Tops empéhatureslin kelvin E arta)” E Gantny ~ ee | av over F >| Fonaday (constant ( 96500 ¢ mol") + | nowof electrons gained > : Dy Or" = -RT Un Ke | OR | An Cr" = - 2.303 RT 10g Ke => Ohm's law V=IR V = Potential aiffenence 4. «cul content T= Cunnent o> specific Resistance [R= PL] ina (Resistivity) A 1 engin > conductance [eed «hs KA] o-srmione Pama © acy ~ contctivny [= Ee Ly Ls Od A Wheatstone Bni ge => Molan Conductivity — | Mm = K XV] 08] My * KX L000 | i fine c Hm * Limiting Melan Conductivity => Limiting Molan Conductivity | Am > Nm- Ac ©QG® NCERT Kaksha = Umesh Vaishali=> Kohinausch's lau AY > limiting olan conductivity of Cation AD = limiting molen conduetivitf of Anion Am (Hyco) An cergconay + Mmcuey ~ Mm Cweed => Degnee of Dissociation a+ te => Dissociation constant [x = s0(My) Rin (n= Am) o> Solubility of spaxingly soluble satts | Solu k1000, => Concentnation cells | Eceu * 00591 tog f2 n Ct => Fanoday's (aw » Finst law | w= zxixe | [v ge txt) * Second (aw | Wi . Er Wi & =e | log Ke = _n a Ke ose“ Z > Propationality = Equilibiniam constant Keanch on youtube Neent Kaksha - Umesh Vaishali =3= 9G NCERT Kaksha - Umesh VeishaliUNIT-3 Rate of Reaction Decrease in concentration of R bts Time_taken OR Ratel of Reaction’ = _tnorease in concentvation of R Time taken oR. Rate of Reaction = —A[R} _ Al?) Gt | “At ‘Differential Rate Equation K = Rate [Constant Reaction A+8— Products [Rate = KAI (8)? near = da al ae RRL Onden of Reaction = +4 | 4. onion of teonon wit, ceva to 8 ; ~ IRh= IR] t 2.303 log lR. eh are kK tial Pnessune P, = otal Pressure k = 2.303 (og t (27-8) => Annhenius Equation | k = Ae t/* loge» ete Ky 2303R Lh hh Ky > Rate constont at A= fmhenius focton on frequency facton > Aelition Enengy fo Gas consont of, T + Termpenatune in kelvin Ky * Rate constont at, Eq = ~2.303 XR X Slope G @ plot of 10g =) => Collision theony of Chemical Reactions Rate = PZppe %/® P= Probability facton Zag The callision frequency of nectants A and. e°/RT ~ Fraction of moleeues with enengies equal 10 ‘on greater than = BG NCERT Kaksha = Umesh Vaishalé awe | Tempenatune cofficient = Rate constant at (T+ 10) Rate constant_at T° we [Average nate of neaction = Change in concentration Ax = % Time_intenval At Bot Activation . Threshold — Avenage Kinetic Enengy of Enengy Enengy the meacting molecules OR fq = & (Threshold) - € (neactants) offous Us on instagnary ncentkaksha www.ncertkaksha.com =4= (9G NCERT Kaksha = Umesh VaishaliUNIT-4 VEG HCERT Kaksha = Umesh Vaishali dlement | Symboi | Atomic eee = Scandium | Se a a) Bae = Titanium | Ti 20 Dd 3a 3! Vanadium | V 23 (Aa) 3a? ue = Chnomium | Cx 24 TA 3a Us S. Manganese | Mn 25 (Ad) 30 4s so Txon Fe 26 (An) 3a 4s = Cobalt Cu at Ax] 3d 4st = Nickel Ni 28 Ay 304s =. Copper Cu 24 (Ad 3s > Zin Zn 30 a G — ad 3a = SE _sevent_ [syns | Ae, | en 3 Yetxium y 34 Ken's S — Zinconium | Zn 40 Klass YP Niobium Nb 4) Kates S Molybdenum | Mo 4 Ker] ats! SS echnetium | Te 43 Kr) Hass! “B athenium | te 44 Ke) a’se = Rhodium Rh 45 Kr) 4atss! - Palladium fa 46 Kr) 4d" 5° Bt Silver. Ag uF Ke) 4a" 5s: $ Caclrmiumn Cd 4B Kua" 52 whcont | gat [Attion Sayan Lanthanum La 57 Iq 4f°Sd! 6s? = HaFnium HE 72 kg Up 5a° 6st = Tantalum Ta B Ik Uf"5a? 6s? - Tungsten W 3 kd uf" 5d'6s? X, Rhenium 45 xd Hp" 5a? 6st > Osmium Os % Ik 4p" 5a 6st = Inidiurn Ix ced [xq Uf" 5a’ 6s? wn Platinum Pt 18 Ik Hf" 5d" 6s! $ Gola Au 4 kd Hp 5a"6s! s Mexcuny. Hg 50 kd uf" 5d"6s? SK _ = cs Semen | Sgrtat | AO, | Contigunatin 3 Actinium Ac 84 Berl 5pt6a 9st : Ruthenfordium| RF lou Rel Sf"6d* 352 ws HaF nium Ha 105 Rr] Sf 6a 9s? s Seabongium 53 (06 Reel SP" 6a* 2s# = Bohnium Bh loF Rl 5p" Gd! 352 “AR Hassium Hs 108 Be 5p" bats S Meitniam Mt (09 Rr] 5p" 6d" 952 E Daxmstadtium Ds Ilo Rr] SPY Gat Fs? 2 Rontgenium Rg Ul Rel Sf" Gal” 7s! ZS Copertniciam Gh 2 Re] 5p" 6a" 202 5 (oe -$= 9G WERT Keksha - Umesh Vaishali SYUIWI}Z VOIPISUDHK) So umOUx syurwa|a y2019-P @Lanthanum la 57 kd 5a’ 6s Cerium ce 58 kd Hf 5° 6s? ic Praseodymium | Pr 54 kg Uf 5a 6st eect a Neodymium Na 60 Ike Uf" 5d°6s* alo fonethiuny (NAM 6 Ka uptsarc © GOW nfigu™ qnoids Samanium Sm 62 kd 4ft 5a°6ee of Lantha Euxopiam eu 63 Bq 4p" 56st Gadolinium Ga oy ke 4f" 5d! 6st Texbium Tb 65 ke Hf" 5c 6st Dyspnosium Dy 66 kd Hf? 5a°6s* Holmium Ho 6 kg Uf" 5a 6s Exbium & 68 ka 4p" 5" s+ Thuliam Tm 64 Ik uf 5° 6s? Ytterbium Yo Jo Ik 4f"5d°6s* Lutetium Lu 7 [kd Uf" 5a! 6s amet [St | Mink [Co i. Actinium Ae 4 Ra) 6a 2 Thoxium Th 40 Br) 6a 762 gnic Protactinium in a Br] Sptect ast Elec cin on Ununium U 92 Ba] 5p Gal 38 config Neptunium Np 3 Re] 5f 6a as* ctinide> Plutonium Pu 94 Wr] Sf* 6a ao of Ac Amenicium Am 45 Bel Sf eat ae Curiam Cm. 496 BR) Spec ae Bexkelium 8k F Br] Sf* eat 2 Stepwise and ovenall stability constant Ba = Ky XR X Ky X Ky AG WERT Kaksha -Vmesh Vaishali © Strong Fie Igands (nghA,) Form => Low spin complexes © Weak Feld iganas (low a.) Fonm => High spin complexesUNIT- 6 X* Fy C1, BnyT fH Fett, Ba R-X An alkyl Halide An-X An anyl Halide C A16@tkane), CHaloanene) Alkyl on substituted alkyl Phenyl on substituted Pheny! Obsenved rotation (y,) tie fe a a hoo ro a TE Do $ Noming Reactions — => Swants Reaction Sec, + 256F, Ay scchh + 256Cl 5 Freon 12 => Sandmeyen'’s Reaction Neal cl Cu, Cl, y HCL © ai: oO fee aenzene diazonium Chionobenzene chlonide Not cl " Cu, BH, » HBX + Mt Bnometenzene CN Cucn —— + Nt KCN Cyonobenzene => Finkelstein Reaction CH3CH)Cl + «NaI Oy MMe HECHT + Natl Clty thronide Engl Todiae CHsCH, Bn t+ Nal 24 Lies CH3CH,1 + NQBn Ethyl bromide Ethyl Todide $= © G NCERT Kaksha - Umesh Vaishali=> Wunts Reaction CH3Bn + 2Na + Bn-cH, DY MMA, CHscH, + 2NOBr Methyl Bromide Ethane CH; CH; CH; CHs CHj—CH—Bn + 2Na + BR—CH—CH, LOE, cy, —0H—CH—CHy 12,3- Dimethyl butane Tsopnopyl Bnomide + 2NoBr => Wunts- Fittig Reaction — oH, + 2NACL => Fittigs Reaction —a + 2No + “—CO> ence + 2NaC} Diphenyl ok biphenyl o> Friedel Crafts Alkylation Hy + cx, | 2, + Hel Benzene Toluene Hy CHy Hy LH CHyct Gnnyt. At? of Toluene 0- Xylene cn, Po Xylene => Dow's Pnocess Gl Ona OH * area) 623k , 300 atm ut 6 Beate kapestnlaeearss 4 (Gwact , = 20) QE WERT Kaksha - Umesh Vaishali=> Hunsdiecken’s Reaction R-COONg + Br o> RBn + AgBn + Co)? Ch CHsCH,COOAg + Bn, ied CH3CHy-Bn + AgBn + CO, t => Gattenman's» Reaction Dome (HS Eee m1 CO aL Oman + Ny Bt HCL => Binnbaum — Simonini Heaction 2RCOORG + T,——+ RCOOR + CO, + 2Hq1 | Y wNote ~ SOL|, — thiony. chlonide $0,C\, — sulphuny. chloxide => Balz-Schiemann Heaction Nec C+ wy ans 2) 0 ‘HON 6 . 2 > Rasching process s C,H, + 2Hcl +0, —H%4 , 26H C1 + 240 =o). fe =» Mendius Heaction & Si Na, C, HOH t g CH,CN NOHO, CH.CH.NH, ae : => Ullmann xeaction = GHI + 2Cu 4 ICH,——. GH,CGH, (Diphenyl) s g = s H We )-a1 XY-«1 s c—c4 0+ Cams Clomec +HO Ona en Chional Chlonobenzene dor (4 mol) (2 mol) = 6 —— ©) G NCERT Kaksha - Umesh VoishaliUNIT- F | Alcohols; Phen $ amin Reactions — => Kolbe's Reaction + (CH3CO),0 ————ny gn) + 6H3COOH st" acetic. acid. Salicylic acid fettic anhydride 2- Aceboy Benzoic acid => William Synthesis RX + Na—O— Rk! ny R-0- KR! + NaX Alkyl halide Sodium alkoxide Ethen 7S CH3—CHy-T + Na—O0—CH)-CH3 —————¥ CH;—CH,—0-CH,—CH; + Nal Ethyl iodide Sodium ethoxide Diethy! ether (Syrmet nical Ether) CHy CHy ee CH3-BA + =NQO—C——CHy mmm sale Oe ea + Nadnr Dn OH, CHy bromi fe Sodium tent~ butozide meee Berean (Unsymmetical ether) OCH — Ona CHs-1 + — + Nar Methyl ‘odide Sodium phenoxide ——_Anisole OBE NCERT Kaksha = Umesh Vaishali=> Riemen- Tiemann Reaction ou 0 Na ON CHCly + (ag) NOH CHC) aon —— Suk Phenol Tntenmediate ° 0", J eee Saticylotdenyde (2- reer => Coupling’ weactions eso <> c+ H: aw o-O- p> Hijditoxyazo benzene (onange dye) => Elbs pensulphate oxidation OH ‘OH OH a Fr OW oH 1-2 Dihydnoxy benzene (catechol ) 1-4 Dinydnoxy benzene Cauinot) => Fries amo ‘coc OH; d- Hydnoxyacetophenone aa p= Hydnoxyacetophenone => Diazotisation neaction NH, ty ner” Nget” NaN, He Se Benzene diazonium chionide =9= 9 G NCERT Keksha - Umesh Veisholt oe fe ms) es rc oR OPE i RS OTE Dee of= == ee is = =) ie 2428 3 3 g Bo = 8 5 = i -pPag 2q > als Ba SiBe 2Ie |. eo ee 5s 3 F eB 2 Se a fee Be & 2 6 e a= feel 5 . ey > [rrewouysowonyo auypyxhd}UNIT- 8 ° warming Reactions _- => Rosenmund Reaction i] R-C-H Aldehyde (vurene R may be Hox ang alkyl, angl ox analtgl group) R' Ketone (viene Rand R' may be Pa / Basby, Il same_on different alky, CHy-C—CL tt Hy CCHF HEL | ang ox anal grove) Acetyl chlonide Acetyldehyde ° pteoy Conborylc. Ae => Stephen Reaction (whene R may be Hon any alkyl, onl on analy! group) Sncl, + 2HCL ——» Sntiy + 20H) CHy—C=N + 2CH) + HCL ——— CHy- CH= NH.HCL DY CHy-cHO Ethanenitnile Acetaldoxime Acetaldenyde hydnochlonide + NHyCl => Etand Reaction OCn (0H) Cl, CH Ne cHo OCn (0H) Cl, (ies 30” + C%90,Cly ——m el Toluene Benzaldehyde => Gattenman - Koch Reaction CHO oO co, Hel ———— anhyd. nicl, / cut Benzene Benzaldehyde (BG NCERT Kaksha - Umesh Vaishall=> Clemmensen Reduction we Z-g a c=0 eine ch, ea + 4UH) aaa tO Trip CH3—CHy-CHy-CHO..+ [HI Tartans, Haale Chey + 1,0 Sutynaldehyde ‘m- butane => Wolff -Kishnen Reduction ene + NH)— NA SS we a DE ae Nt ae hg Hydnazone Ch, | cH, CH; Re + Ni Ni a Kon. BN c=0 ———— N- NA Hy + N, re a “10 fi ad ° ie gee PA 2 b y chy Acetone Propane => Aldol condensation I Aaclaca CHy—C=H + H—-CH)—CHO === CHz—CH—CHy—CHO CH;— CH=CH — CHO Ethonal S-hydnoay butanal Gut=2- ent Caldot) 08 o OH ° 0 cyt =e te — by ci C0 CHy—C—=CH— t im OH) C— CH, CH : — ha b= CHC — chy) Pd iy He “a Acetone : a 4 Hydnony- 4 metal 4 = Methyl pent-5-en-2-one ~pentane- 2- one (ketol) => Cnoss aldol Condensation o 0 9 OH 0 eae, {I dil Nook il 1 ll H-C-H + Ney — C—H —————> HO CHy—CHy—C-H_ + CHy— CH CH)—C—H formaldehyde Acetaldehyde (Cross aldol Product) (Simple aldol Produet) 10—— 9 G NCERT Kaksha = Umesh Vaisholteo t 2 = a Ea 9 i] NQOH H—CHy)-C-H ——p Ethanal Genzaldehyde CH=CH-CHO Cinnamaldehyde > Hell Volhand - Zelinsky Reoction => Cannizzano Reaction cH=CH-C ae Benzalacetaphenone "4 A ves a, 1-one) ow Re cH, COOH ae, R-CH—COOH ) yo | Xe Cl, Bn Xx o- Halocanboxy ic acid a (CH= CHy~ COOH sh y-¢H—CooH & ) yo Propanoic Acid a 5 2 Chlonopnopanaic acid oe one. KOH amr 2HCHO ——ep = CH3-OH + HCOO K Formaldehyde Methy! Alcohol Potassium faxmate CHO CHy- OH coo Na, OO: Benzeldehy te fenzy! alcobt Sodium benzocte EG NCERT Keksha - Umesh VaishallUNIT- 9 Amines 6, & Puimany Secondany Tentian Ge Amine Amine Amine ws qa) (2) (3°) Ae, Ge Ge (1) (Ch = Hoffmann Bromide Reaction R oe "4. He, R—N—R ov R-CONH, F Bx, + YNGOH ———® R-NH, + Na,CO; + 2NABn + 2H,0 Acid Amide L’ Amine CONH, NH, + Bn, + 4KOH ———=> + K,CO; + 2KBn + 2H,0 Senzamide Aniline => Mendius Reaction :- ‘Na (Ha) CH3CN ca CH CHy NH, => Gabniel phthalimide Synthesis ° I | y—¢- + KOH (alc.) Or Sw 4 OC i ° oO Phthalimide Lamine Phthalic acid == 9G NCERT Kaksha - Umesh Veishall=> Schmidt Reaction - 0 II NGH R—C—0H ———B_R-NH, + CO, + Na conc. H,S0y ie. amine => Sabatien and Mailhe method - 13K GHsoH Hye CyHs0H -b NH; Fa eNaace (C,H5), NH Tarot Cals) sN nyt Dieinyt Tuetngh Amine Amine Amine => Schotten Baumann Reaction :- i 1 CS-nts + GHs—C—h ae NH-C—GHs - HCL Aniline Benzoyl N= Phenyloenzamide chlonide (Benzanilide) => schiff's Base OR Anils R—C=0 + HyNR ——* R-CH=NR + H,0 H Seniffs Base OR Anil => Canby! amine Reaction (Tsocyanide Test) :- A R-NH, + CHCl, + SKOH Calc) ———® R-NC + 3KCL +35H,0 L’ Amine Alkyl ‘socynaide © (CoHs50,CL) Benzene sulphonyl chlonide which is known as © Basic chanacten of Amines in tenms of Ky and pky Pky =~ log Ky angen the value of Ky on smallen the value of pk, stnongen is the base => Hoffmann mustand oil Reaction :- 5 | t R-NH, + $ Hay ea ee cd = R-N=C=S + Hg5 +2HCL cs Canbon Dithoalkylcanbamic Alkyl isocyanate Sulphide acid VG ACERT Kaksha -Vmesh Vaishali=> Coupling OR diazo neaction :- H aa, | ee los Cae ice-cold Benzene diazonium Anitine Diazoaminobenzene chloride | Reannangement Nene Su P- aminoazobenzene (yellow aye) => Diazonium Salt + —Genenal formula = AnN,*x” whene X” may 6e an anion like Cl, Bn", H50y, 8Fy etc n') > Diazonium qnoup OR diazo gnoup :- ( => Sandmeyen Reaction nyct Cus = o> é ee Bnomobenzene Bnomobenzene wote => Balzschiemann Reaction :— - Gattenmann neaction is modification of Sandmeyen neaction Nyce Nf BF 1m —e CBs 4) 1b Flunobonic Gentene! for diazonium Benzene fluonobonate acid -12—— 9 © NCERT Kaksha = Umesh VaishaliUNIT- 10 s Monosacchanides Lmpontant Rxn s- “> anon yates <——ogeones Sa Polysacchonides strate, “Eahctteetty => Canbohydnabes Genenal ‘formula, = Cy(H,0)y => Some sthuctunes \of Monosacchanides cHo cH,0H “ Cod ee a |i ae H=C—0H H—C—0H ae CH,0H Wan Hot 70H Ho—C—H Ho ‘ante H—C—0H H—C—oH H—C—oH SS a CH,OH H—C—0H tou Ribase CH,OH buon (aldopentose ) cane (aldohexose) — ( Ketohexose ) => Pnepanation of Glucose ~ 1 From Sucnose (Cane Sugan) t Ht C2 He2 Oy + Hg0 ——P Hie + CoHi20e Sucnose Glucose Fauctase %& From Stanch HF CCgHi00s), + nH, ——— nb Hy2 0, 595K, 2-5 aim Stanch Gatucose PNlote :-The linkage between two monosacchnide units through oxygen atom is Called Glycosidic Linkage. => Stnuctune of Glucose cHo CHO cHo 4 on 4—}— on A Ho—1— #1 cHyoH HO —}>—H HoH 4 ——0H 4—j—0H 4o—+—H DG) Glycenaldehyde = #—t gH LL.) Glcenaldetyde yg CHyoH ci;-0H Dev) Guease Le Guucese (AG WERT Kaksha - Vmesh Vaishalt=> Stnuctune of fanuctose 1 HOHC —C— 0H Ci (? Ho—+—a 2 Hoa? 4 eae Funan fl ire i a o 4 ut 22 i A Ss CHy0H chyoH AR zo HD (-) fructofunanose B-D (-) fnuttofunanose ss ss ge => Stnuctune ‘of cevlulose tong gz =s es oF ak ¢ 28 ue) a “8 5 = B links & L => Maltose * It is known as malt sugaw 2.(,Hip0s) + HO ey 0,2 Hy. Oy, => Lactose + Tt is known as milk sugan G wlote :-» are ( Adenosine tniphosphate) © ATP is known as enengy cunnency of the cell => Amino acids R is diffenent fon side me diffenent amino acides Eo ees qnoup Amino Gnoup Il 0 => Nucleosides | Base + Sugan = Nucleosides => Nucleotides Base + Sugan + Phosphate - Nucleotide => Peptide bond OR Peptide linkage (“i -15— C9 © WCERT Kaksha = Umesh VaishaliVitamin A Xo Chemical name Retinol (bright eye vitamin) Thiamine RiboFlavin Pyridoxine Cyanocobalamine Asconbic acid EngocalciFenol TocoFenol Phylloquinone Biotin Coenzyme Deficiency Disease Xenophthalmia i¢., handening of connea of eye on night blindness. Beni-beni (loss of appetite , netanded growth); disease of nervous system Glossitts @ank ned tongue), denmatitis and cheilosis (Fissuning at connens of mouth and lips). Dexmatitis and convulsions. Pennicious anaemia (RBC deficiency in haemoglobin), inflammation of tongue and mouth Scunvy (bleeding of gums) , pyorthea (loosening and bleeding of teeth). Rickets (bone defonmities in childuen) and osteomalacia (soft bones and joint pains in adults). Stenility, Haemophilia. (haemonnhagic condition), increased blood clothing time Denmatitis, loss of hain and panalysis. Low onder of immunity of body against many disenses BG NCERT Keksha - Umesh Vaishali Sounces of Vitamin Cod liven oil, shank liven oil, Connect mise polishing, liven, kidney , butter , milk , etc Milk, nise, yeast »nuls, eggs, green vegetables, liven, kidney Turnip, milk, eggs. yeast , Vegetables . liven . kidney Yeast. milk. meet, Fish, 9g yolk, whole cereal, quams Meat ,eqgs, liven of ox, sheep, pig. Fish, curd, ete. Citnus Fruits like onange , lemon, amla , tomato, queen vegetables Milk, €99 yolk , cod liven oil, exposume to sunlight Oils like cotton seed oil, Soyabean oil, wheal gnam oil, Sun Flowen oil Ceneals , queen leafy vegetables Yeat, liven, Kidney and milk Chlonoplasts of queen plants and mitochondria of animals.Some Chenical Compouds nares & Molecular Fomulas | compound Narn [ects] Compound Name] ee Hydnochlonic acid | ct | arrmoniamchtoniae | Wicd | Nitnic acid ie Phosphoxic acid Za Sodium Phosphate mo Ory Say Calcium canbonate Nay S03 Catelum Hydnoxide A Fi map Magnesium Hydroxide methone P cey | Potassium nitnite ial Sodium Sulphate Inon oxide 13 © © NCERT Kaksha = Umesh Voishott