Athira Anilan

Department of Pharmacognosy
 Bhasmas are powdered ayurvedic preparations of metals,
minerals, marine and animal products prepared by process
of calcination
various steps
 1.shodhana-purification
 2.marana- killing/powdering
 3.chalan-stirring
 4.Dhavan-washing
 5.Galan-filtering
 6.Putan-heating
 7.mardan-triturating
1.shodhana
 Metals obtained from ores may contain several impurities which
are removed by subjecting them to shodhan process.

A. Samanyasodhana
B. Viseshasodhana

Samanyasodhana
 This process is applicable to a larger number of metals and
mineral agents. Thin sheets of metals are heated and immersed in
taila, cows milk, gomutra, butter milk etc. For removing toxicity
 2.Maran
 Killing process
 Purified drug is grounded with juices of specified herb or kashaya of the drugs

3.chalan
 Process of stirring during heating the metal
 Stirring is carried out either with iron rod or stick made from a specific plant
 Iron serves as catalysts
 The Phytoconstituents of the plant stick may be enhancing the therapeutic effect
 Eg: Neem stick

4.Dhavan
 Several water washes
 This is to remove the excess amount of agents used in shodhan or maran stage
5.Galan
 The product is then sifter either through a fine cloth or through sieves of suitable mesh so as
to separate residual material

6.Puttan
 Small cake of grounded materials made
 These are placed in a single layer shallow earthern plate and closed with other plate. The
edges of the plates are sealed with a clay smeared cloth in several [7] consecutive layers.
 A pit is made in an open space and is half filled with cow dung cake followed by
earthern plate and cow dung cake. Fire is lighted from all sides
 Eg
 Abhrakabhasma
 Tamrabhasma
 Swarnabhasma
 These are preparations consisting of medicated oils they are meant for external
application. Taila is preapared by dissolving the medicated substances with an oil
E,g. Anu taila, Kanak taila, Narayan taila
Preparation
Preparation of taila contains three components
✓ drava (liquid in the form of swarasa),
✓ kalka(fine paste of drug),
✓ sneha (taila).
Unless otherwise indicated in text , kalka, sneha and drava are taken in 1:4:16 parts
respectively.
kalka and drava are mixed together.
Sneha is then added boiled and stirred to obtained desired paka
 Narayana Taila
 Pinda taila
 Anu taila
 Bhringaraja taila
Churna is solid ayurvedic preparation of powder of drugs with often taken

with some anupan like milk, ghee, honey. fine the powder the better its

therapeutic effect

Preparation
1. Make powder of crude drug and sieve through cloth, or mechanical shifter.
2. If there is more than one drug each drug should be separately powdered,
sieved and weighed.
3. Finally mix all the powders well together.
4. if salt , sugar, camphor is mentioned then it should be powdered and added
separately at end.
 These are solid unit dosage forms, prepared in the form of tablets or pills.

Preparation

 The plant drugs are dried cleaned and powdered separately. The minerals are made in to
bhasmas.

 Finely powdered medicaments and additives are mixed to form a uniform mass and
moistened.

 The mass is kneaded with syrup or extract of herbs and converted into a uniform moist mass

 The moistened mass is rolled in to uniform cylindical pencils, which are then divided in to
number of pieces of same size

 Each piece is then converted in to pill by rolling in between fingers

 The final pill mass should not stick to the fingers when rolled
PRINCIPLE OF PREPARATION

 Lehyam is a semisolid or thickened extract prepared in a medium of sugar or jaggery

 It is prepared by using powdered drugs and pulp of fruits in the sugar medium of jagerry,
sugar, sugar candy or honey in an aqueous medium of water.

 It is boiled with the prescribed liquid till the correct constitency is obtained.

 Then spices and ghee are added and stirred well. After cooling honey is also added.

 In all type of lehya prepartion ,there generally have following ingredients-

 1.Kashaya

 2.Sharkara/gud(sugar, sugar candy or jagerry)

 3.Churna(powder or pulps of certain drugs)

 4.Ghee or oil

 5.Madhu(honey)
 Kumariasava
 Mudhukasava
 Punarnavasava
 chandanasava
THANK YOU