CHAPTER FOUR

4.0 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1 Introduction

This chapter captures data analysis, discussion of findings, and answering of research questions in

line with the research objectives. The data was collected from residents of Minna, analysed and

presented using frequency distribution and percentage in the form of table.

Three hundred and eighty-four (384) copies of questionnaire were administered. This value

represents the sample size of the study. Out of the three hundred and eighty-four (384) copies

distributed, three hundred and fifty-eight (358) copies, representing 93.23% of the distributed

questionnaire were completely answered and retrieved from the respondents. A summary is

presented in Table 4.0 below.

Table 4.0: Questionnaire Distribution and Retrieval Value

DESCRIPTION VALUE

Sample Size 384

Sample Administered 384

Sample Retrieved 358

Percentage Sample Retrieved 93.23%

The responses are analysed and interpreted appropriately based on the questions that were asked

on the questionnaire.

4.2 Data analysis and Representation

The demographic data of the respondents are collated accordingly and presented below. The items

on this segment includes gender, age distribution and educational attainment.

SECTION A: DEMOCRAPHY

Table 4.1: Gender Distribution of Respondents

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Male 192 53.63%

Female 166 46.37%

Total 358 100%

As shown in the table above, 192 of the 358 respondents are male. This value represents about 54

percent of the total samples while about 46 percent of the respondents are female. This implies

that the researcher had more access to male than the female.

Table 4.2: Age Distribution

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Below - 18 36 10.06%

19 - 25 106 29.61%

26 - 35 145 40.50%

36 - 45 66 18.44%

Above 45 5 1.40%

Total 358 100%

The above table indicates 10% of the respondents are 18 years old and below while majority

(40.5%) of the respondents are between the ages of 26 to 35. About 30% of the respondents are

within the age range of 19 - 25, 18.4% are between the age range of 36 - 45 and only a few of the

respondents (1.3%) respondents are above the age of 45.

Table 4.3: Educational Qualification

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

GCE/WAEC/NECO 42 11.73%

NCE/OND/HND 137 38.27%

BSC/MSC/PHD 179 50.00%

NONE 0 0.00%

TOTAL 358 100%

From the table 4.3 above, 50 percent of the respondents are BSc/MSc/PhD holders, 38 percent

hold NCE/OND/HND certificates while about 12 percent of the respondents graduated with

GCE/WAEC/NECO. This implies that, the respondents who filled the questionnaire are highly

literate.

Table 4.4: Area of Residence

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

LIMAWA A 46 12.85%

LIMAWA B 42 11.73%
 MAIKUNKELE 36 10.06%

MAITUMBI 27 7.54%

MINNA CENTRAL 32 8.94%

NASSARAWA A 57 15.92%

BOSSO CENTAL II 25 6.98%

MINNA SOUTH 31 8.66%

BOSSO I 41 11.45%

NASSARAWA C 21 5.87%

Total 358 100%

Table 4.4 shows the location distribution of the sampled population. The respondents were

carefully selected across theses location to minimize sampling bias. About 16% of the overall

sample size are from Nassarawa A; this location account for the majority of the sample while

Nassarawa C account for the smallest respondent with 21 respondents in total. 13 percent of the

respondents are from Limawa A, about 12 percent are from Limawa B, and 11 percent respondents

are from Bosso I. Maikunkele present 10 percent of the responding population while Minna central

and Minna south account for about 9 percent each. About 8 percent respondents are from

Maitumbi, while about 7 percent respondents are from Bosso central II.

Table 4.5: Are you familiar with radio talk show format?

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Yes 330 92.18%

No 28 7.82%

Total 358 100%

The result in Table 4.5 shows that majority of the respondents were familiar with radio talk show

format. Only about 8% of the sampled populations claim that they are not familiar with the concept.

Table 4.6: If yes, which of these formats are you usually exposed to on radio stations in Minna

metropolis?

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Newscasts 87 24.30%

Discussion 76 21.23%

Phone-In Programmes 140 39.11%

Musicals 34 9.50%

Public Service Announcement 21 5.87%

Others 0 0.00%

Total 358 100%

Table 4.6 above shows that majority of the respondent (39%) are exposed to phone-in programmes.

The phone-in programme allows listeners to feel like they are part of the conversation and to share

their opinion on the topic. 24% of the respondents claimed that they are exposed to newscast, while

21% of the respondents are exposed to discussion. Only about 10 percent are exposed to musicals

and approximately 6% are exposed to public service announcement.

Table 4.7: Which of these on-air personalities are the most popular in Minna Metropolis?

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Crusader 230 64.25%

J. Sule 76 21.23%

Martins Jibson 31 8.66%

 Mouthed Shade 21 5.87%

Others 0 0.00%

Total 358 100%

Table 4.7 shows the popularity ranking of the listed on-air personalities according to the

respondents. About 64% of the respondents preferred Crusader, while 21% of the total respondents

preferred J Sule. Approximately 9% of the sampled population claimed Martins Jibson is the most

popular while Mouthed Shade was preferred by about 6% of the respondent. Consequently, it is

logical to conclude from the collated result that Crusader is the most popular on- air personality in

Minna, followed by J sule, Martins Jibson and Mouthed shade.

Table 4.8: Which of these radio talk show formats do you prefer listening to on radio station in

Minna?

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Newscasts 44 12.29%

Discussion 125 34.92%

Phone-In Programmes 135 37.71%

Musicals 36 10.06%

Public Service Announcement 18 5.03%

Others 0 0.00%

Total 358 100%

As shown in Table 4.8 above, majority of the respondents (37.7%) preferred Phone-In programmes

while about 35 percent of the respondents preferred listening to discussion programmes. 12 percent
preferred listening to newscasts, while 10% preferred listening to musicals. Only a few (5%)

preferred listening to public service announcement.

Table 4.9: Among newscasters on radio stations in Minna, which do you prefer to listen to their

newscast?

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Husseina Shehu 53 14.80%

Zainab Gbachunkko 122 34.08%

Aisha Shuaibu Baddegi 80 22.35%

Hassana Shehu Kagara 23 6.42%

Sarah Jiya 34 9.50%

Fauziya Nasir 46 12.85%

Total 358 100%

Table 4.9 above shows that 34% of the respondents preferred Zainab Gbachunkko, 22% of the

respondents preferred Aisha Shuaibu Baddeggi, while approximately 15% of the respondents

preferred Husseina Shehu. About 13% of the respondents claimed that they preferred Fauziya

Nasir, while about 10% choosed Sarah Jiya and only 6% of the respondents preferred Hassana

Shehu Kagara.

Table 4.10: Among programme hosts on radio stations in Minna, which do you prefer to listen to

their programme?

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Crusader 223 62.29%

J. Sule 47 13.13%
 Martins Jibson 49 13.69%

Mouthed Shade 39 10.89%

Others 0 0.00%

Total 358 100%

Table 4.10 shows the programme preference based on host. About 62% of the respondents

preferred to listen to Crusader’s programme, while 13% of the total respondents preferred J Sule.

Approximately 14% of the sampled population claimed that they prefer to listen to Martins

Jibson’s programme while Mouthed Shade was preferred by about 11% of the respondent. This

result shows that majority of the residents in Minna prefer Crusader’s programme.

Table 4.11: Among hosts of musical programmes on radio stations in Minna, which do you prefer

to listen to and follow their musical programmes?

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

DJ Monday 133 37.15%

S. T. J 116 32.40%

Martins Jibson 63 17.60%

J. Sule 46 12.85%

Others 0 0.00%

Total 358 100%

From Table 4.11 above, majority of the respondents which constitute 37% preferred DJ Monday’s

musical programme. S. T. J is the second most preferred musical host with 32% preference rate.

About 18% of the sampled population selected Martins Jibson as their preferred musical host while

about 13% claimed they preferred J Sule.

Table 4.12: What are the qualities and characteristics that account for your preference of

newscasters on radio station in Minna?

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Good command of language 130 36.31%

Good voice quality 80 22.35%

Show of confidence 40 11.17%

Authenticity 108 30.17%

Others 0 0.00%

Total 358 100%

Table 4.12 above shows that 36 percent of the respondents claimed that good command of

language is their reason for preference of a newscaster. 30 percent claimed it is the authenticity of

the newscaster while 22 percent of the respondents preferred good voice quality and only about 11

percent of the respondents claimed that they prefer show of confidence by the newscaster.

Table 4.13: What are the qualities and characteristics of anchors of interviews/phone-in

programmes that inform your preference of their shows?

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Good grasp of knowledge of topic of discussion 194 54.19%

Firm control 53 14.80%

Show of courtesy 35 9.78%

Interviewing of Finesse 76 21.23%

Others 0 0.00%

Total 358 100%

Table 4.13 shows the qualities and characteristics that the respondents prefer in anchors of

interviews/phone-in programmes. The responses shows that 54% of the respondents preferred

anchors that have a good grasp and knowledge of the topic being discussed. About 15% claimed

it is the firm control of the anchor that informed their preference. 21% of the respondents preferred

interviewing of finesse and only about 10% of the respondents claimed that they prefer anchors

that show courtesy instead.

Table 4.14: What are the qualities and characteristics of musical programme hosts on radio stations

in Minna that inform your preference of their programmes?

VARIANT FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE

Good selection of musical tracks 209 58.38%

Analysis of musical tracks 40 11.17%

Passionate 84 23.46%

Good communication skills 25 6.98%

Others 0 0.00%

Total 358 100%

Table 4.14 shows the qualities and characteristics of musical programme hosts on radio stations

in Minna that inform respondents choice of preference. About 58% would prefer a musical

station that have a good selection of musical tracks while 11% prefer a station that analyse

musical tracks. 23% of the respondents claimed they prefer a station that shows passion in its

selection of its musical tracks while the remaining 7% prefer good communication skills above

all