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  • Aбезгауз г.г., Еременко в.е., Журавлев в.г., Каргопольцев с.ю. к Вопросу о Ранней Дате Могильников Зарубинецкой Культуры - 1992

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    8 views22 pages

    Aбезгауз г.г., Еременко в.е., Журавлев в.г., Каргопольцев с.ю. к Вопросу о Ранней Дате Могильников Зарубинецкой Культуры - 1992

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    Alexandr Begaliuk

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Menoxosa A, Ho Ceonpist 1 pardon amp. Mo £979 Odaoackud AM. O Xpontcciornn Hexotopim THMoO® buoy vareuckOH KyAIbTYpbI + CA. daa Aid. Oflinwenad 3M. Bepxagavenposcnill BapHOHT sapyOwteLKoH KyABTypE AnTo pedh dee... RANA neTo Hay ML IS, Terpeace & PY Kpauwenns Cengun VILE ap, oa. 3/ CAR. 1978. Brin Ma Horyweas 1, M. Apxeoqoriqei anvaxiaki Gpotaenoro Ta aaniaitora Biky Ha Sakapnatri. Naxropat, (85a Pfiaace Bit O cpaaas sand ¢ Llewrpainned Eapottoit & aiexy Opcttabt uw pansern keaeia//Tecav unas worn COOP. J, 1967 Cor memes A. Havesetne ¢ Mu oatteckinpekoro Wapetea. Kuen, (983 Tpeteswcon MM. AL Maniuickoe ropoamies MEAL E88) Np TT Toereanon 0 ifbuir EA Apeare ropoamma CMoaenuiei. M1980. Pypucecova Af TMAApH! ipopMi 3 poss AN, # ae Viawer Oo A Tienpo apnicrie abnccep Talia OKT sk Caotenten. 972 1 PyKcmuices) BL Widek ©. Aaieos C. Keltské pohrebiska na juhozapadnom Slovenski. i M. Thrakisches Graberfeld dev lallstatizeit in Chotn, Bratislava, (966 1 Evrope. Praha (956 Ae sctuentlichen Best der Ortsflup Krenn in Kreise Lidwigshast/Bodendenkmdlpllege in Mecklewburg Berka. #7 er R De Grabiunde der Jasiori- und Lalenesut an Elbe, Berlin, (985 Wolmok % Osadmctwo celtyckie ’ Palsce Wrockiw, 147d Ziecu Vo Beitrage cur Keaninis des keltischen Latene in Rumdnien //Dacia P_&. Ageszays, B. E. Epemenxo, Bf. Kypaeaes, C. 10. Kapzonaasyes K BONPOCY O PAHHEA MATE MOTHABHMKOB SAPYBHHELLKOA KYJIbTYPbI Ocuonieim MaTEPHaOM, KOTOpHI NO3BORET COOTHOCHTL XpOHO+ Jornia aapyGnHenKol KyDTYper ¢ CBponelickoil, ABTAOTCA pHOyabl, W3POTOBACHHbIe AO .laTCHEKHM npoToTHnam. K. B, Kacnapopa can: XPONHSHpPORAIA paHHHe 3apyGHscuKHe GiGyan c Mepexodom oT Ja- Teva C, kK Cy 1 OTHeCTa BPEMA NOABICHHA HanGosee panHHx forpe- Genwi k 180-170 rr. ao ow. 3. Oannm na pa KHeiWHX KOMMGHCHTOB CAOAKCHHA KYIbTVPbI, To ¢& MHEHHEO, ABHICA loro-3anadnelt, Ga KaHO-HIMPHACKHT, Tak Kak HMeNHO B HuHpHi H3BECTHDI IpOTo- Tine 3apyOuHleukHx (H6ya ¢ TpeyravipHlm WwHTKOM [K. B. Kacra- posa, 1977; (978; 1981; [9B4] — «KonbeeH ies tbuGyibl mpa- Nopunn KOTOpWN oFeHh GanaKW sapyGunenkum (C. (1, TMaynosa, 1988). Buecte ¢ Tem Tpyiif> mepeoucHhth H POL CeBepo-3anadHElx Cage B npoueece COOMCHHA JapyOHHeUKON KyabTyPhl, MPOABTAIO- WWHXCa B ChOPMaX NpoBOTaIHHx GHG, KePaMHKH HW Horpedambiore pipaga [K. B. Kacnaposa 198]; 1988; A. M. O6samenni 1983, c. L13]. Kpome xonkpeTHEix cesepo-3aNadublx anagoralt sapyGaueu- KOrO BEISBOrO KOMINIeKCA 4H HorpeGaabHora OOpala, Herbsn Ae ‘© FF. Abesrays, BOE. Epencuxn. B. PF. Kypamaes, ©, 19. Kaprotieanuen, 1902 34 HpHBeCTH H OAHO cooGpawkerne VGUETO NOPATKa, BPA JIM weHee Ramo, B cesepo-soctouHol UexHH PpackKOMaH pya naMATHIKOR AaTeHa Bo-Gi, LIA KOTOpMA Napaxtepuo cayeTaHue KeABTCKOA HW AeTOpde- KOI KYIBTYPHBIX TpagHtil, So WaAMATHUKA TOAMOKeALeKOI rpyuiibl, KOTUPaA Ha CTYMCHA JaTeta Cy TpanccPOpMUpyercA B KOOhWIECKYIO [N, Venclova L973]. Tepprtopua, aativran coamoKerpcsai rpyn- Nof, B HACTOHILES BDEMA ABIAETCA CAHNCTHEMEBIMN: MeCTOM, fae HAGOLACTCH NOCTETENMEI MepeXDA MeCTHOM KYIbTYPLL CH LaHHOM cayuae nepHbepHino-acropde Kali} H@1AaTeCHHSHPOBAHHOTO COCTOR- = B aaTcHasHpoRannoe, Ha Bcex APYHX TeEPPHTOPHAX Apouece JIATCHHSAUHH Wat CTYMEHAN By-C) ke 3a4ChngeTenbeTBOBAH: MbI BHANM JUtLUb @fO PesybTatT — IMATHHKIE THNa = [lowdeurtH-JTyRamenn: MUCBOPCKOH, OKCMACKOH H sapyGuHenkKo KyabTyp. TakHM o6paaon, HMeHHO cenepo-nocTOuRaR Uexna Moria OvITL Tem uenTpom (Hau HavaTblblM MVUKTOMI, Ws KOTOPOTO HWaya.1aeb pre ATT PICAL LeH He inp UECCA AATCHHSAWAK, STO MpeAMOAGKeHHe KOCBREWIO NOATBEPAKLa- ETCH CNDACTHOM NPOBOTOUHELX QuGya aapyOulenKol KyILT¥pLL © yeckKHMH, NoaMedentbim A, M. Odgaomekum [1983, c. 113]. K. B. Kachaposa otmeuset, yre cyan lo KOUNeECTBY PaHHux AATUPYOWHX BCLUCH, SAPYOHHELRAA KY IbTypPd COA HaCh HEC KOLO NOSANCE APYTHX AATCMIGHPOBAIEX, HO A TO KC BPeMA HekOTOpbIe yepTh 3apyGNuelkoH KepaMHKH CPaBHHBaeT C CaMbIMH PaHHIIMi MATCDHAaMH 3THX KYABTYD. To ee MHCHHIO, PHGYABL ¢ TPeyroTELiM WHTKOM H NpOBOTOTIbe NORBIAIOTCH B sapyOHNeuko KYaEType auroppemenno, okoIO 180-170 rr. aa Ww. 3. [K. B. Kacnaposa 1984, pute. 3,¢. 116]. Sta aata secKoabKo panne, we upeskusia [K.B. Kac- Napowa 1976, c. 59-62], no Tem He MeHee Mo ee NPHATHE ie peuiie HOAHOCTHIO UPOTHBAPCUHA PakHs jwT tpudy.1 na norpedennh PAHHHN Keo HS Coen mocedenil (220-200 cr. aaa. 4) [E. B cHMus 1982, ¢. 25] Baecte ¢ TeM NpOlece BOSHHKHUBEHIA TaTeNISIPOBAHHIAX Kylb- TYP. TPOHCNOANBWHA Ha CTyMeHH tatena C),, aatupyeten celivac spemenem Goaee pain, vem 180-170 rr. ao w. 3. Tak, T. LomGposn- CKa# CBA3a0a BOSHHKHOBeHHe MUCBApCKOA KyALTyplE Cc nepeaBH- ARCHHAMH OKPAIHHOTO ACTOPPCKUrO WACeTeHHA, KOTOPLIC Nola B He SPeHAA @HTHYHDIN THCLMCHHBLX HETOUHHKON, GHOULS GacrapHos oxo 239-229 rr, ao 3, [T. Dabrowska 1988, 5. 75] Crom, PaHHsA LaTHpObka CADKCHH TATCHHSHPOBAHHLIN KYIbTYp Ha eTynennt Cy, HaXOAHT CBOE NaTBepAK Hee HB MaTepHadax CaMol ‘AATCHLKOA KVAILTY DBI. Tlatipie vit aGcomatioit gaTHpoBkH oepexaja ar eryneHi Cy, KC), dae? acHipoxponoaorna, Anaona oGyrtiBierocR JwpeRa Hs narpeteuns 96 mMornibHAka Bejepat ne Petine, rae Celt 1raiienbt CKPCIACHHLIE CpetHeATeHCKHe (PHOYIL! ¢ WIAPHKAMH, Xapanrepnne aa ctynenn C), (J. Bujna 1982, Abb. 4. 30), nokagaa 208 7. oH. [A. Haffner 1979. 3. 405-409). Hetoprueekne codwrwa, ¢ KOTOPLIMEL MOMET ObiTb CBASAHO WINPOKOC PAaCpOCTPalellHe BELLEA HOBO CTHAA, Ai PaKbwe Bcero IOABKBUIETOCH B Cesepuol Mra, oxpathBaloT Me: puog oT 225 6. 2O HW. 3, KOPHa KeTbTH! H COWBHBIC HM earn haTepuent 1opaxkeHHe oT pHMAE NpK Tatamone, 40 192 7. ou. 4., Kora 6OHK GblL1H OKOHYNATETEHO HSFHQHbE HS Hraann NepceeiHIKCh na Tepprroprio Yexna [M, B. Shchukin, V. E. Eremenko, im Druck]. Takum oGpagom, nepHoa Cj, MOAHO JATHpOBaTh OpNMepHoO 225- 190 cro go ou. a. Greienateinno, paHHHe KOMIMMEKEDE TaTeHH3H- POBAKHBIX KYIbTYp, COMepPKaAMNe BUNA BTOH CTYTIEHH — «yLAHHEH- Hhle> HGya vaprantos A-B-Koctuencknk, duGyas ¢ WapHkamn (ew. [J. Bujna 1982, Abb; 4, 30, 3f|}, 8 TOM 4Hce paHHHe gommackcal MorHabHHka Flosvewta 4 dorpeGenua [| cbaset moran Wika Jho6omnue, c KoTopuimin K. B. Kacnaposa cpaskupaer pauiic sapyGuneuKne MaTepHarte [1984, ¢. 116], TakoKe MoryT GBITh OTHE: cent K 220-190 rr. ao #. 3. Mpauatae Taxol oath nosponaeT HaGe- AaTb XPOUOTOPHYECKOrG PaspLipa MEATY panell aaroh noAHeUtTH- AYKAMIEBCKHX COAL, ONpeAeraeMalt pOLOeCKHMH AMQPOPHDIMHL K.teH- wamn 220-180 rr. ao ua [C. T. Naxxona, M. A. Pomanopcnant 1983, taGa. 1], H panuel taToa Mord. bHHKOB, B aapyGnrenkoll KYIBTYpe PAHHAN pewiea Mato. Ilo 3THM BellaM co cTyneHbid C), Mover ObITh CHHXPOHHaHpoBaNy, TO-BHHMOMY, AMID HeckonoKO norpedeaua [K. B. Kacnapopa 1984, pac. 2, 1-5] Ho qaoXe H 9TH HECKOTERO Norpesenni, GICLOBATeIBHO, MOPYT GolTb aarupopanl 225-190 re. 20 A. %, UT NOSBOART THKBIAMPOBATE PASPhIB Mealy PAaHHea JATOH MOTHAGHHXOB H panueli aaTou ceanilt, QNpeaeiseMoOn KOCCKAMH HW ipacoccKHMIL amopHpMi k.1eHMaMA 930-200 rr. ao 4. 9. [E. B. Makcumon 1982, ra6a. VI. f, 2, c. 22]. Qnnako afm Toro, uTOGL YEepeHHO CHAXPOHNSHPOBAaTL PakrHe ZapVONHEKHE LOTpeGeHHA CO CTYNEHbIO Cy, HM JATHPOBATL HX BPEMe- Hem Gowee pannus, wen 180-170 rr, to H. 3, 10 HaWeMy MHCTINO, HeEOGXOAMMO BBLIETUTE PAHO basy, B NorpeGeumax KoTOpOH HET ro-3aUANDIX, GaTKaHO-BAAKpHAcKHS KoMAOHCHTOR. MIpHinHa aTore JAKTIOUAeTCA B CAEYWOULEM, K. B. Kacnapoaa, accaedopan nporotHoel sapyGuneukHx poy c TpeyroALHbiM WHTKOM — KONbEBHAHLIE, KOTOPEIE AATHUpyoTesA B }Oroctanan apemcnem or nocreaned veteeptH Ife, a0 H. 3. H Moaquec, BCe Me OTHECTA WOABICHHE AepHBaToB TAKHX (HOYT WH APYPHX Be- ei OTO-3anaawoOro TpoHcsowseHHA B PloanenpoBLe * 180-170 rr. WOH. 3. TO €CTb CRA3a1d Co nNoOxolamM nw GacTapHon B Hasupawe Bo 179-168 rr. aon, 3, [K. B. Kacnaposa 1977, ¢. 76; 1981, ¢. 75]. H NelCTBHTE-TbHO, PAHBILE STK TOXOI08 OPAM bit KOHTURTEL HaCeeHHA Tloavenposna 1 HaadpHe pag an ObLIH BOSMOMAD. 2 11 npeano- Joweduit o6 onocpeaosannem KonTaKTax [C. TT. Taukosa 1988, c, 20-91; A. M. OGnomexnit 1986, c. 55-56] apHo HeaocTaeT MaTe- praga; KOMbeaHaAne buSy.bl, o6vapyxeHHbie p Pympikwn w Cepep- HOM Tprueptomoppe, MPOHCNOAAT H3 Goneé MoaMHRX KOMILIEKCOB, yem paHdHe norpedexna sapy6uneukol kKyAbTypbl — MOUTH Bce STH KOMMNeKchI AaTHpoBanel KOKUOM HB. gow, 9. — TB. HL 3. HMutepecna OTMETHTL, YTOQ BCE rPyNMHpoOBKY maemMeH — AO3HHE caHCper, cCapMa- Sh. Th, radaret Mano Aan, SactapHin Monyvaeps, 4a maMaTHneax KOTOPLIX OGHAPyKENDE 2TH KONBERHAKEE adyabl (cM. [H. Polenz 1978. Abb. 3, 2; D. Berciu 1981, Pl. 28, 2: B. TL. BaGerynnon 1957, raGa. X, 8; HH, orpedopa 1961, pue. 4, 6,c. 158; M.T1. AGpa- mopa 1972, pac. 4,44, 13,20, K. ®. Cuupnon 1984, puc. 43,7: B. H. Hruatop 1986, pre. 2.4, ¢. 88, opam, 9: B. KO. Mauxann 1980, pre. 5,3, c. 202; u wp.], BXOAMAH & cHeTeMy anTHpAM- CKHX BOCHHO-NOMHTHYECKHX COfO308 ion srHaoh Murpyaata Eanatopa,” aapa Towra (116-63 rr. a0 H. 3), Hapaay co CKOpaHcKam” (cM, [E. A. Mores 1974] ), y koToppix a Moran NosaHMCTBOBAaTB HOBIE THN ykKpawenna Htax, ecau HexOgNTh M3 NPeANOAOKEHHA O TOM, YTO TOABAeHHE yGya ¢ TPeyrOAbHEIM IMHTKOM B 3apyOnHeUKOH KYALTYpe caqaano C NOXOMaMH GacTapHoOR, KoTUpDe MpeacTaRMeTcH HaM BepHhIM, AAA TOATACPA HENNA TaTHPOBKH HOABACHHA SapyOuneuKux morpe- Gennit Ha cryneHw C),, 8 220—190 rr. oo H. 3., HeOGXOAHMD Abiae- AWTL PaHHIO tbasy, B NOrpeSedaax KOTOpOH ewe He TOABHANCH puGyobl C «BOCeMepkaMas, C TpeyrodbHbIM LLHTKOM H Apyrie sect OaIKaHO-HIABPHHcKoOre NpoOHcKOaeHHA, Croje cepbeshaa 3aqaya 3acTaBIAeT Hac ¢ ocoboi ocTOpoH- HOCThED OTHECTHCL K MCTOAHKE XPOHOMOH4eCKHX HccacmoRaHdAl. (pimeveaue koppenAuHONHord Metoaa TT. Pefiwexe, gaxe nop YOIOBHH pastetedan norpe6eani na WoAOBOapacTHBe Fpynnn (cM. erate |H. A. Baxan, B. E. Epemenxo & nactonmem cGopHuKe] ). camo no cee ee He THPANTHPYeT ToOYHOCTH KOHeuHOrO pesyabrata. NOCKWIDRY OH B HEMAJOM CTENCHH 34BHCHT UT TOUHOCTH HCXOAHOT THOQLGrHH, OcOGeHHOCTH — THMOAGrHH HaHGonee MaccoBare MaTepHada, KepamMHKH. CyulecTByeT Ba OCHOBHSIX HANpABACHHA THNOAOrHECKHE HC- enetopanni, Ooxo crasut meper coGol aanayy BEiactenis ocHoB- HEIX (hOPM, UTpawAMOWWHX PeaNLHEIC Mpolieceet, HO We cyuecTRyie- WWHX B LefeTRHTeMBHOCTH B UnCTOM BHae (A. B. Dyasira 1969, c. 37]. APyroe — 3agayy NOLPOGHOPO HCCEMONAHHA BCEX H3BECTHEIX aco- Sennoctea Matepnana. He paxoauteca comHeBaTCA B TOM, uTO sOOCCNEYHTh DLIGEPEMEHHOE pewenne STHX 3ala4u KaaccHuecKaa THNOAOTHA C €@ METOLOM BHayaMbHOrO TOL6Opa THNOB He B COcTOR- Huu» [F. C. JleGenes 1979, c. 74]. Bostee toro, 8 oanoapementiom PEWEHHH OBYX THNOTOTHYECKHX Saad HeT HEOGXOMHMOCTA, Tak Kak AIA PeWeHAa KaoKAOH 43 HHX CYWLECTBYOT ABA PaIHbIX MATeMATH3H POBAHHEIX AVITOPHTMA HCCeMOBaHHA! MeTOA focweagoBaTeTbHOre aetcnun Ha Kaaccer (TOK) # kaactepunit meron (KM). Mepauii NOIBOAAET VUECTh BCE H3BECTHBIC OCoGeHNOCTH MaTepHasa, ATOpPOR BaIeTKTS OCHOBHEIe ero 3akonoMepHoctH [B. H. Bacroesny 1966, ©. 176-183]. Pasaeapnoe npumesemne apyx aAropHTMos nosBojAaeT PewaTp oGe THMOMOrHYECKHE 3a0a4H. Qavako Ha MpakTHKe pa3- AQMEHHE ABYX THMOAOTHYECKHA 3a0a% He ACEP OIEBHOHO, H 3a- 4aCTYIO ONHH HS AATOPHTMOB HCNOALSyeTCA WIM peWeHHA o6eHx aanau. Hepasnesennocts 3aqay npHBoauT K CMeWennO MeTOdoR HW, B KOH@UHOM CHETC, K HCBOIMOUKHOCTH CpaBHeHHA peswbTaTos HCCAELOBAHHA NAM ATHHKOB, HG YYEHH BEX PasHhiMy aBTOpaMA. Hexoas 43 Tard, 4YTO MAyHCHHIO KOHKPeTHbIX ocoGeHHOcTell Ma- TepHala AOKHG TPCLWec TROBATL BLInBNeHHe HaHdonee OG ULHX ero 3akoKoMepHocTel, Mil qocTaBHan neped coGom aayaty abipa- GOTKH ATFOPHTMA, NOSBOAAILETY MOWAT GAHAKHE KYABTYpHbIM THMhl RCPAMHKH, KOTOPbIE MOryT GHITh HCMOMbIOBaAHh! JIA H3ydeHHA SPOHOIOPAH MOCHABHHKOB NO eTHHOR CHcTeMe. Tip spipaGotKe aqropHTma Mb Gyacm HexoauT, 43 cpantenun TK # KM np YCHOBHH NPHMCHENNA KOTHUECTBRCHNDIX, a HE BHIYATLHBIX CHOCO- Gow OWeHKH ZIAUCHHI ApHaHakKos: OMHOKN H CYOLEKTHBHSM 3pH- Teapckoro BOCHPHATHH OGtmeHsHecTHEL [T]. JTnamceh, i. Hopmay 1974, c. 20-21]. Kputepnem Ky bTYpHOCTH THNOB YCOOBHMCA CHH- TAT TO. HACKOILKO MPHSHAKH, NO KOTUPbIM NpPOHsBeACHO AeTeHHe Hat THOBL, Ons K A OPH3aldakKaM, KROTOPRIMEL OTAAYALOTCA BbILEIe@HHbIE ennnnue [B. H. Bacnaenn 1966] Meton nocrcaopaTet bord AeTenHA Ha Koaccel HMecT Ba Ot- HOBHLIX HefmoctaTka, Mepauili cocroutT B TOM, wTa TaKoc JeieHHe He BIONHE cnacoécTayeT BEIRBICHHK) HAHG@ICe OOWINX 3aKOHOMep- HocTeh HCcHeAyeMaro MATCPHaa: ClyHalnoe OTKNOHCHNE SHAYEHHA UpH3Haka, HHOrga ZOBON pH SHAYNTRIBHOE, anéo nepemMenaer OORCKT BOpyINy WeexOKHX OGbCKTOB, WHGO HW BOBCe OCTABARET eth 3a iO. AME KAACCHPHKALLHH. Brapoit HeLOCTATOK = OpralHHueckH CHISAH C TEPBAIM: cucHa OMMNGOUHOH KTaccHp>RKALNN Ha Kaaom yTane J@ieHHA BO3ZpPAacTAcCT, HW KOHEYHBIC Pp yilitbl MOT YT OKa3aTbCH BeChMa AAMe@KHMH oT ecTecTBeHHEX eaunnie [B. MH, Bacuneswy 1966, ¢. 183]. Sror npoueee a6yclaminBaerca ABYM NPRHYHHAMH: CYOLCKTHBHEIMH = OWHGKAMH oH OTEOCHTEIbHGCTBIO yeronunpactH OpHsalakos, KOTOpLIC yCToiMyBbl BOOAHHX Mpele1ax SHaveHHA H He- yeTotunanl Bo apyrux. PlockoapRy meTog TLAK tpe6yer esHncTBa OCHOBAIKE Ht APH3Hakes, 10 KOTOPDIM NpPOHSBOLHTCA ABNCHHE Ha KAACCh, OH HE MOMET YYeCTh OTHOCH TAN BHOCTH ycTORYHBOCTH sHa- UeHHA NPH3HAKOB, PaccmoTpim S08 npuMepa KlaccHpPHKAUHIO KepamMnNKH 3apy- 6uHenkoro MOCKABHHKA Yanann, mpeatomeniyio A.M. O61OMCKHM [1985], Kepamuka pasieneva Ha Kaaccn 10 PopMe, NponopmAsAM, feKopy 4 ofpemy, Cl@1aHa MONLITKA COOTHECEHHH HeTBIpeX klac- chiptkaunii. HawGonee nompoGHo paspaGoraka KaaccHipHKauHA mo NPONOpUHM, OSTOMY HM@HHO Ha &¢ MPHMepe NONHTAeMCA MPAC- “eoaTh, Kak Ha KaKOM 3Tane HeCelOBaHNA BOSPAacTACT «1eHa OMAGOYHOH KaccHPHKal HH, Sraa repaid: euidop npisnasos. [px ces napamerpax, BbIGpaH- Hox A.M, OGaomcKHM, NponoputH COCy10B GNHCBIBALOTCH HE MATEO COOTHOINGHHAMH, a WecThio He YUTEHO OTHOMMCHHE BHICOTHL Bel: THKa K BbICOTE Bepxuell uacTH cocy la. B peayapTare COCYAbI, OAH: HaKOBLIC WO NATH oponopunam A. M, OGromekore, MoryT aHadH- TenbHa paawMyaTben (pac. 1/2}. Caetosateabe, lumGouno yT- BCPAKIIEHHe, ATO OJHHAROBRIMH 3HAGEHHAMH [ATH nponop wit MOTYT 4a “yitagadiou ans armnuancdy (g) wedasar 4 (zy) MWVAIOO MHARPHEGUO HAAG -(p) wor MdaLsELy HIMOIOE Wy KMHOIKEM BWONDH') “[ “ig b/% 2 ee eel | [~ | a]. . flan ta gés'e-soro | Sy a sovb-c2p | My bla coor ey 2 “AY ci 1 ES Ge © b/S 22eezl|o0 Gl i ORGS Bh Bie ost a8 EYED ORE te lee at St 2H oie ca ; } «1 O61 alaTh TOALKO NponopunonatbHo NosoGuple cocyabl [A. M. OGom- cKHA 1985, c. 97]. ran eropod: seGop rpynn siayenni mpu3snakos. A.M. O6a0m- CKHA pacnonaraeT OTHOUeEHHA paamepoR cocyn0B NO pawKupy HW MENUT HX Ha ONpeTeAneHHoe YHCAO Tpyin, KoTOpoe, Kak OH nolaraetT 6e3 Kakord-260 OB0CHORABRA, JONMHO ObiITh PABHEIM YeTEIPeM Qa MucoK H Tpem 1A ropwkos. [panaunl Mexay Tpynttamk, MO erO MHCHHIO, AQJOKHb! BHIOHPATBCH Tak, YTOGb! MAKCHMAIBHOE pac: CTORHHe MY 3HAUCHHAMH B OAKOH rpyine Gblio MeHbWe pac- CTOAHHA M@eKLY KPAHHHMH TOUKAMH COCeMHAX Ppynn. Tpuituan BDIMeMeCHHA rpyon ¥CTaHOBKH HX FPaHHL OKaSBIBACTCA & 3HaY4H- TeibHOH cTeneHH CYODEKTHAHEIM HOO ChaBHeHHIO ¢ MeTOIOM, TIpel- nomewaim H.C. Kameteuxum [H. C. Kameneusnit 1978], span aM MowKeT OBITS NpHMeHeH A BHIHBACHHA OGbEKTHBHG CYLUCCTBYIO- IHX SAKOHOMEDHOCTeH Waydaemora MaTepHasa. Bonee Toro, ecaH yR caegosath mpaaunny A.M. OG1oMcKoro, PaccTOAHHe mex ly rpynnamMu crelyeT CpaBHHTb © pace TORHHEM MCHJLyY TOUKAMH B KaKMOR coceaueli rpynme, a He B OHO H3 HHX. Pacemorpen aTHo- WeHHe a HeTpyanG YOeaHTHeH. 4TO paceTOSHHe MexAy BTOpOH H Tpernel rpynnamn (0,3) MeHbue MAaKCHMasbHOrO PaCCTOAHHA MeXKLY TOUKUMH BHYTpH TpeTbel rpynmpl (0,43) (A. M. OGaomcKnit 1985, radu. 3) 4, cacnopaTerbHo, rpannia Meway BTOPOR H TpeTbell rpynnama npopenena A. M, OGaomckuM B KapylleHHe HM KE BbibpaH- Horo NpHHILHia. Hs Toro, Y7o OTHOLICHHA HHKHAX YacTel cocyaon He ofpaayioT rpynn, A. M, OGomckai genaeT BEIBOA, HTO SHAMHMBIMH ABIAIOTCH AHiNb EPONOPUHH BEPXHHX yactell cocyoOB, Tora Kak OponopuyH HIKHHX 4YacTel OTHOCHTCA K OAWOMy cTaHmapty [A. M. OGnomcKnit 1985, c. 97-98]. Mexay Tem ith MHCOK MAKCHManbHoe 3HaUeHHe D. BD. OTHOWEHHA ——B Ba pu3a GobUle MHHKMAAbHOTO, a — 82,7 pasa; \ qua ropmikos — 6 1,44 2,3 paza coorsererpenno [A. M. O6somennit 1985, pue. 6.7]. [pw rakom cyuieeTBeHHOM HAaMeHCHHH nponopuni BpHA JK MOAKHO TOBOPHTb O CAHHOM cTanaptTe. Cropee 34eCb HMECT MecTO S3aKOHOMCpPHOE HX H3MCHEHHE, JaCTYRHBAOUICe BHHMAaTCIb- Horo aHasHaa. Bran rperué: noctpoenne obue xiaccupaxaune. Pacemat- PHBan KOMGHHaUHA rpynn Tponopuda gna oTHoWwennit a Be = A.M. O6nomeKHit nojaraeT, UTO STOT aHaAHS, conponox naem biti rpadHkom, ChocoGcTRyeT ASIeICHHIO THTOB COcy/OB [1985, ©. 100— 103, pre. 8]. B aefcranteabuocth aen0 o6cTOHT HHaNe. PaccMoTpHM, BD, HanpHMep, OTHOUEHHE + Ecan wa cpadune A. M. O6nomexora 43 HavaNa KOOPAHNAT MPOBECTH MPAMLIC, COOTBETCTBYIOILHC ONPE- ACAGHHKIM HM TPaHHaM CPpynll 3Ha@4eHHH STOO COOTHOWEHHA, Mbt 4 HOAYIaM PAA CEKTOPOB, OTPAHHYCHHBIX STHMM NpAMbIMH. TIpH stom BCC MHCKK Tepaok rpynnkl nonadyT B CeKTOP aHa4uecHHil, CooTBeT- CTBYIOWLHA neppol Tpynne, mHCKH BTOpOH Tpy¥aoel — Bo BTOpOr CeKTOP H TaK afee, MpPHUEM HX MONALaHHE B 3TH CeKTOPA He 3aBHCHT D, OT OTHOWeNHA Henoustuo, c kKakoR Wembio A. M. OGnoM- ; CKHA 3aMCHH ONPeQeWeHHble HM CaMHM fPaHHUb rpynn SHaUeHAA FpH3HaKeB, KOTOPHe AQHA H30OPaxaTCA B BHIE ceKTOpOR, Ha TpyaAHOOGDACHKMBIe KpHBBIe [1985, rabn, 4, pre, 8], Pace yase- HHR O TOM, YTO MHCKH MepBol PpyNnb OTHOCATCA K MepBomy THI, MHCKH BTOpoa — KO BTOPOMY, OKa3MBaIOTCH COBEPWEHHO H3AHWHH. . 7 Dy Alocratoyvo Gbiio CKaSATB, 4TO KaKOl rpynne COOTHOMWEHHA ara COOTHETCTBYET THN ¢ TEM Ke HOMEPOM. Takum o6pa3om, THOR BbLLe- ASOTCH PAKTHYECKH MO OAHOMY COOTHOLIEHHIO, KOTOpOe HH B Koel Mepe HE OTPpaxaeT OOMLHX AaKOHOMePHOCTeH nponepunh COC¥ OB. Hirak, Mbl MOoKeEM KOHCTATHPORATD, YTO NocTaBNeHHaR A. M. O6- AOMCKHM 3a484a @KACCHPHKAWHH KepaMHxH JA HYyAKA IepHO- AM2aUHHs PealHaqbahHa He CTOAB OBLCKTHBHO, Kak OH fowaraet B 370m nopHHiM, npexae ecero, neaoctaTKH MeToga TLUK. yeuacu- Unle CVOBEKTHRHEIMH OUINGKAMH, SToT MeTOd 6bI.10 6 MpaaH.tblee TPHMEHHTb QIN HCCI@A0BAHNA YACTHBIX BSaHMOCBASeH HSyuaeMDN OObEKTOB NO TEM FWIH HHLIM (PH3HaKAM, &@ HE AVIA HOCIELOBAHHA HaHGodee OGULHX erd saKoHOMepNocTelt age Kaactepow meron (KM), pexOMeHdauHH 10 HCHOb3OBaHHKY KOTOpOrO AJA HVKIL KLaccHhH Kany NOABATHCR HEOHOKpAaTHO [B. M. Bacutesuy 1966: Kytetypa... 1984, ©. 12,28-31,33-35; DLL. Clarke 1968, p. 512-634]. conepmennoa se3acavxKedHD octaercs HepaspaGoTaHHoIM B MPHMeHeHHH & MpakTHUeCKHM npohnemam apxeaorui. B ocdope KM aexkuT OG ReEMHHeHHE NPH3HAKOB O6BEKTA B OAHH KOMIMIeKCHB NOKasaTetb. Kakux-uG0 O6WIAN MOTOmeNKA Oo BLIGOpe STOrO MOKaaSATEIA WET, HO TPH HCC OR aK AH 06 bEKTOB, NPHSHaKaMH KOTOPBIX ABAAOTCA Nn pagaMepoOR, NOcAeTHHe OObIUHO PacCMATPHBAITCH Kak_KOOPOHHATH TOUKH & f-mepHoi TPR MOyTOALHOH CHCTEMe KOOPAHHAT, 4 6B KAYECTBE KOMIMICKCHOIG MOKASAaTENS HEIN SYETCA PACCTOAHHE OT Hadana KOOPAKHAT JO aTOH TouKH [B. iopan, TM. Qaena 1977], Toraa kaxkaomy oOvexTy MomHO conocTaBHTh BenHyHRy BekTOpa my (A) Tae x; — j-H paamep i-ro cocya, 4 ¢xoacTBO of eKToa OueHHBaeTCA Gan30cTbwO AoKasaTtern (/}. pH stom GansKem ero 3HaueHHAM MOTYT COOTBETCTBOBRATE COCyLbE © C¥LULECTBCHHO Pa HY atl M HCA NPONOPLHAMA, TO CCTh BOSMOKNO €CKPAALIBAHHe CTPYKTYPbI THNa — Xa PAKTEPMDIX 4418 HeErO BUYTPeCHHHX KOp Pes HHH OTMEIBHEIX YEPTs al [Leo 5. Klejn 1982, p. 43-44, fig, 9]. Sror HeaocTaTox B aHaqiteat- Hof CTencHH yeTpanseTcn Tem, UTO OGHeKTE! pyNNKpyorcA Ka ocnose GaasocTH BEKTOPOBR HE TOvIbKIr nO BeIHYHHe, HO H JO Tall Papen, YTO NPHBOOUT K TlOKaAsaTETW n=y 2 (XH) (2) KOTOpH opercranaseT coBoh paccrommwe Meaty KOKLAaMH i-ro H K-TO BEKTOPOB, TO ecTh CTeNeHb G.ATH3OCTH OOLEKTOR BLIpamaerca PaccToAHHeM MEY TOUKAMH Bo N-MepHOM fpocTpaHctHe. ¥aet he TOABKO BGTHUHHM, HOH HAMpaBIeHHA BEKTAPOR MPHBGQAHT K CMeHC OCHOBAHHA KNACCH@HKALMM, TO eth HANGo1ec BANAIOUIAX Ha eC pesyabTar rpynin yeTOHHBbX CoueTANH NTPHIHAKOB, CAN 9TH COUCTAHHA Nepectaor Girth ycToiunibiMH. KM coctont B pOpMHPOBaHHH TOAMHOARCCTR H3 MHOWECTB OOBCK: TOR TAKUM OGPAgOM, YTO BHYTPH Karksoro NOAMHOKECTBA OODEKTHL YAORAeTAOPAIOT HEKOTOpOMY TPCHoBaNHw O CTenewH AX CXOICTRA Mexuly cobod, a 3a Cro npeleiamn HeT NH OAHOTO OGbEKTA, KOTO yAORACTBOpH Gel sToMy TpeGopaunw CxOacTBA [C. P. Pao 1980]. TpeGopakke K CxXOaCTBY OODEKTOB BHYTPH KACTepOB BbIpaKaOT ¢ NOMOULbIO Noporosoro anayenna h. TipamMentTeqbHO K MoKasaTeo (2) 97p TpeGopanne BbIpamwaerca B BUTE tsch (3) VW SOU HHO BHINOHKATECA Ii BCEX Map OGheEKTOB, BXOAAWHX B KAACTCp. Mol 43/0oK HTH TEOPETHYCCKHE NOIOKEWNA IPHMCHCHAR Kalactep- Horo MeTOLa Tenepb NOMbITACMCA TPHMEHHTb STOT MeTOl B NpH- AOKEHHH K MaTCpHaaM MOT HJbHH KS Bopouano, packonaniore 10. B. Kyxapenxo [196], ¢. 55-61] (35 wenbix tbopm ropurtos, 30 — kpykek H 31 — Mucor) Kaxaort ns pactMaTpHBaeMElX COcyaOR KapakTeEpHsyeTCA CEMbIO He3aBHCHMBIMH NapamMerpamn (pre. Lg}. STH pagmephl, a TakKe oGuiaA sblcoTa cocy1OB GhLTH H3MepeHbl IA BceXx KaTeTOpHa Ke- panMuKkH. Tipx Henoabaonanun nokasaTean (2) 208 BbLAeeHHA Kilac- TepoR COCy LOB BOSHHKEET PHO BONPOCOB: UCMY OTMaTh NpeAnoTe- Hue — aGcosroTierm HIM OTHOCHTC/IBHbIM PusMepam. MOMMHO JH YMCHBIUHTE KOAMMCCTBO YHHTHIBACM BIN B NOKAasATETE (2) Tp Ha - Hakop ¢ WeIbIO OcAaGAeHHs? «cKpanbIRAHHAs CTPyKTYpPh THNa, KaK PaUHONANBHO YCTAKOBHTL 3HadeHHS Mopora h. Baidop @6CWMOTHLIX HH OTHOCHT@IBHDIX PasMepon S3aBHCHT oT oco6enKocred wayHaemara MaTepHasta. [pa KlaccupHKauHe 3apyGHHelKor KepamMuKe MpcanouTenne CAeMVeT OT2aTb OTHOCH- TENbHEIM Pa3mMepaM, Tak Kak H3MCHCHHE THNA CONPOROMK LacTcr H3MEHEHHEM TPOMOpuHA a GOAbWe CTENEHH, MEM HAMeHeHHEM Pas- MEPOR COCyYOB 42 YMeHbINCHHA €CKPAALIBAHHAS CTPYKTYPb! THA MOH JOGHTBCA HCKIMUCHHEM HEKOTOPLIX NPH3HAKOB, HCXOMM W3 PaaNLx coobpa- eHHA, Bo-nepapix, wesecooG6pasho HEKIWUHTE TIPH3WAKH, We OG. AaAAOULHE ¥CTOHYHBOCTHO. Taknm IPHSHakOM MBAeTCH BeAHYHHA Hy, pacnpeacaenne KOTOpol GAW3KO kK HOPMA/IBHOMY HH MO3TOMY MOAKET CUITATLER CLVIaiHbIM. Bo-pTophix, caegyeT HCKTOUNTE 43 PaCCMOTPeHHA TpAsNAKA ¢ GOARUIM KOadpHUHeHTOM BaaHMHOi KOPPEIAWHH, TAK Kak HCMMNIDAORAHHE JBN TPONOPUHON AT pI 13 MCHHIOULUXCH MPH3HAKOR 3aRBUaeT HX Bec B OGPasoBaHHH MoKa-* gatean (2). Takum IpHaHakOM ABAReTcA toda wa BemmunH D, no Ds, KOMpDpHUKEHT KOPpeARUKH KOTOpEIX DocTuraeT 0,99. Ecsin HCKOUHTh OMY Ha HEX HalpHMep, D,, MaTEMATHUECK OG iipen- CTaBneHHe O @opMe cocyaa npakTayeckH He HaMeHHTeR. B ro axe BPeMA YAeIbUDI BEC OCTAADIDIX pHsnaKos B OOpasonaHHa MoKa- gatena (2) noppicrtes. Ha ocHOBaHHH BHINEHSORCHHOrO MPI3HaKH Hi # Dy Gain neknoyenn Ha paccmoTpenna, B kayectee oTHocH- TC}IBHDIX PAIMEPOR ANA POPMAPOBAMNA KacTepos GAM TPHBATLL OTHOWEHHS OCTABUIHXCH HHTH IPHahHakok K oGuiel { BhIcoTe cacydon, GopmMypowanwe KAACTCPOR UeNecaoGpasne PasLeAHTh wa 4e- Thipe stana. [eppai cocroutT B pacnowoKeRHH OOBERTOR 00 .1HIKE BO3PaCTAHHA MoKasaTeda (J). mocre yera, cobs.) PACTONORCHHC, BUAHC.ISHOT H CBOULAT B MATPHILY aHaveHRA ToKa- 3atenn (2). Ha sropem sTane BbIGHpaleT NOporoBMe aHaycrET Toxasatens (2) MYTeM HCCAelOBaHNA ero CTATHCTHYeCKOrO pac: Upededenua (cuctorpammMer aa pac. 14, 2, 3). Moporapuie snaye- HHH WenecooGpaasKee BLIGHPATh B MeCTAaX paspa Keun KOMGECTR sH#ICHHA NokasaTean (2). flan Toro, yToGh yHeeTh Bre GanaKHe CBASH HB TO UKE BPeM HEKAONNTE CoaGble, OKASaOCb LOCTATOUALIM BUGPATS NPCABAPHTETHHO TPH MOPOPOBLIX 3HAYeHIA, KOTOPLIe oGas- Haven! B MOpALKe BOspacTanHa hy. h,, hy, (puc. 14, 2.3), Benyaae ALGOPa ABYN MOPOrOSLIX SHAYEHHA KlAcTepEl MOrYT

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