EXERCISE 4A 1 Expand and simplify: a 2(2+7) e 6(b—3) i 36+2) m 6(d+e) @ 4(10—j) 2 Expand and simplify: a 9(2e +1) e 6(32+y) i 7(a—5b) m 11(2¢ —y) q 3(9a+y) 3. Expand and simplify: a «(a+ 2) @ a(b+2c) i 32(6 — x) m (2a +3)r @ mn(m~—n) u (7a? —5b)b 4 Expand and simplify: a —2(x + 2) e —(a+2) i -3(44-2) 5 Expand and simplify: a —a(a+1) e —22(1 —«) b 3(x—2) « d(a+3) f 7(m+4) 3 An—p) i 5y~-2) k 8(t-8) n %a—11) © 3(7+k) r 7(y+n) s 2(n—12) b 3(1—32) © 5(2a+3) f 5(x —2y) g 4(3b +6) j 12(2+ 3d) k 8(3—4y) n 4(p+9q) © 5(a—8b) r 7(¢—9d) s 6(m+ 7) 2(5 — 2) < a(2a+4) a(a? +1) g a*(2—a) 5a(x — 4) k 4a(1—a) (5 — 2)x © ab(a+b) ac(e— da) s 6p(4 — 7pq) ty(w + 9y) w (7 —de)ey —3(@ +4) ¢ —4(a — 2) —(@—3) g —(5-2) —4(5x — 2) k —5(3 — de) —b(b +4) € —e(5—e) ~3y(y +2) 3 —4da(5 a) 5(a+e) 4(p—49) A(7 +m) 5(p—4@) (11 —d) «DBDs 11(1 ~ 2n) 2(a — 2b) 6(5b + 3a) 2(9 + 8x) 8(8a— 0) ne b(5 — 3b) 2x(3 — der) 7b(b + 2) a?b(3 — b) (3k+51)k (3t —5s?)t x2 Dora d -5(5-2) h —(2a +1) | -(@-2) d —2(2r +4) h —6b(3 — 2b)6 Expand and simplify: a 3(c+2)+2(2+3) 5(a +3) + 4(x +3) b © 4(a—2) + 5(a—4) d 3(2% —7) + 2(1 — a) @ 5(m+4)—3(m-—2) f 5(m—3)—2(m+1) g 3(e—1)— 22x —4) h 7(1—«) —(3e +2) i 7(x+2) +3(2—42) j 3(4— 3a) — 2(2 +1) k —5(n — 4) —3(2n—5) | 62y-1) +42) m 9(a%+1) +322 —3)— 15x n 11(2t—1) —3(5— 34) 44 7 Expand and simplity: a 3a—(2a+1) b 5—3(4+2) «© 7—6(2¢ —3) d ilx- (2-2) e@ 6—5(1— 22) f 11—(3-2z) g 16—7(1 3a) h 2+6-3(4~2) i 8¢+1-2(3 -2z) i 7-(1-22) k Qe — (8-72) +3 I 8 —5(11—32) 8 Expand and simplify: a x(x+1)+2a(x —4) & x(l—2x)—2(2+2) ¢ 4(a+b) —3(a—b) d x(x + 2) — 20?(1—2) e@ a(x? —5)—22(1 a) f 5(a+b-2)—4(5—a+ 2b) 9 Expand and simplify: a Ay? +2y +3) b 5(a? — 4a — 2) ¢ 3(227 + 3x —1) d 4(—3b? — 2b + 3) e@ 3y(y? —2y+7) f 2a(4a? +a—1) g 5a” — 244) h —3b(2b? + 4b — 2) i —2y(3y? — y +5) THE EXPANSION OF (a + 0)(c + @) EXERCISE 4B 1 Expand and simplify by repeated use of the distributive law: a (r+ 2)(a+3) b (a+4)(a+5) ¢ (b+ 2)(b—5) d (a—3)(a—4) e (©+y)(a+ » f (a+ b)(p+q) g (x+1)(2x +3) h («— 1)(2x +3) i (8x + 4)(e—5) j (3@—4)(a +5) k (0 ioe 1) I (w+ 1)(a? +4)2 Expand by repeated use of the distributive law: a («+3)? b («—3)? © (@+7)? d («—7)? e (2¢+5)? f (22-5)? 3 (x+y)? h (7-y)? i (#4)? j (10 +)? k (2-3)? 1 (i +4x)? 3. Use the distributive law to expand and simplify: a («@+1)(a? +243) b (a+ 2)(2a? +245) © (a—2)(a? —«—3) d (a? +a+41)(a+4) e@ (a? —2 + 2)(2e —3) g (2r+7)(5-a2+27) EXERCISE 4€.1 1 Use the rule (a + 6)(c +d) = ac + ad + be + bd to expand, and then simplify if possible: 2x? + @ —1)(3@ +7) x +9)(a? + 7-22) F ( h ( a (p+ a)(m +n) b (wty(r+s) © (©+4)(e+7) d (x+3)(x+1) e (y+3)(y+2) f (a@+3)(a+7) g (a+2)(2-2) h (x—4)(a +2) i (@+7)(@-3) i (w-9)(a+2) ke (@—4)(e +3) I (w+ 6)(@~2) m («—4)(x—3) n (e—5)(2—8) © (e—11)(e—4) p (22 +3)(x—1) @ (x—4)(32+2) r (2x +3)(2x —4) 2 Expand and simplify using the rule (a + b)(¢ + d) = ac + ad + be + bd: a (e+1)? b (e+4)? © (x—2)? d («@—5)? e@ (3+y)* f (-y)? g (2e+1)? h (2x—1)? i (1+4a)? ij (4a)? k (a+b)? I (a—b) m (30+ 2)? n (4-3)? © (9-5)? Pp (7a +2)? 3 Expand and simplify using the rule (a + b)(¢ + d) = ac + ad + be + bd: a (x +2)(e—2) b (y—5)(y+5) © (a+7)(a—7) di (b—4)(b+4) e@ (34+2)(3—2) f (6-y6+y) g (1+a)(1—a) h (8—b)(8 +6) i (22 +1)(2 — 1) i (3a —2)(3a + 2) k (3+ 5b)(3 — 5b) 1 (5=4y)(5 + 4y) 4, Write down your observations from question 3.PERFECT SQUARES n 7 0? d (+3)? h (3¢ +2)? I (Qr+y)? EXERCISE 4C.2 1 Expand and simplify using the rule (a + 6) = a? + 2ab+ 0?: a (e+d)? b (rts)? « (m+ e (+5)? f (@+11)? 9 a +1 i (4x +3)? i (+32)? k (7a m (642)? n (3452)? © (24 oy P («2 +2)? 2 Expand and simplify using the rule (a + 6)? = a? + 2ab-+ 6": a (e—y)? b (r—s)? < (d e (4—a)? f (7-2)? g (3x i (2x —5)? i (8 —4a)® k (Ba m (6—2) n (3—5a)? © (2? DIFFERENCE OF TWO SQUARES EXERCISE 4€.3 1 Expand and simplify using the rule (a +6)(a—b) = @? a (y+4)(y—4) & G+1)(b-1 d (a—8s)(a+8) e (5—b)(5 +5) g (10+a)(10—a) h (7+y)(7-y) i (4a + 3)(4e — 3) k (1—2y)(1+2y) EXERCISE 4C.4 1 Expand and simplify using expansion rules: a (x+4)(a 2) b (x—3)(@+2) d (1-2)(2-2) e (4—2)(2—2) g (x+6)(x—6) h (+10)? i (~—5)(2r +3) ke (2x + 11)? m (3x +2)(a—5) n (2a — 9)? p (3a+4)(2—2) q (5-2)? o)? 1)? 2b)? xP aah d (d—3)? h (5—d)? I (2-2)? P (x ~ 2x)? (x —9)(a +9) (2-2)(2+2) (3x — 2)(3¢ +2) (5 ~ 3a)(5 + 3a) © (+3)? f (2-7)? i (2e + 7)(2e — 7) I (@ +a)(2—a) © (3a +5)(3a — 5) (3+ 2x)(5a — 1)