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Predict that octanol will release the most heat energy. When bonds are broken energy is taken in (i.e.
it takes energy to break the bonds), and when bonds are made, energy is given out. This inaccuracy
affected the whole of the results, and would have been emphasised as I multiplied the number of
kilojoules up to 1 mol. These would show the differences in exothermic energy depending on the
structure of the isomer. I have taken my third test for propan-1-ol to find the percentage error for. By
this step you can get the rise in temperature by subtracting the initial temperature from the final
temperature. Spch 277n week 4 assignment 1 template team outline exercise. Change in Temperature
((T) To calculate this, I need to take two different readings - one at the start and one at the end of the
experiment. However, they would still not be exact as some heat will always be lost and complete
combustion cannot always be ensured. However I saw that the flames for those experiments were
more yellow, meaning that carbon was burning and that CO gas was also burning. Propanol and
Butanol are long enough carbon chains to form isomers (same chemical formula but different
structural formula) the -OH group needs to be on the end Carbon atom in the alcohols tested. The
odd result of the Propanol alcohol could have been an anomalous result for a number of reasons. As
the calorific values of the alcohols being investigated increased, so the error between the value
obtained and the actual value increased. This is because there is a better air supply, less of the energy
is lost to the surroundings and the water is enclosed and stirred. I will investigate how alcohols with
increasing number of carbons affect the enthalpy change when an alcohol goes under combustion.
The only set of results I was unhappy with was the enthalpy of the first Propanol reading. This was
caused by the accuracy of the apparatus, and the repeats that were carried out for each alcohol. See
other similar resources ?0.00 5.00 1 review Download Save for later Not quite what you were
looking for. Are you task-oriented or relationship-oriented leader. The can was kept the same as
different cans have different conduction properties The heat is transferred from the flame by
vibrating air particles in the flame, caused by the exothermic reaction, which then cause the
molecules in the can to vibrate, and so the molecules in the water vibrate. For the isomers, I expect
propan-1-ol to have a higher enthalpy than that of propan-2-ol. There are 2 main ways that this
experiment could be improved if it was redone. Find out the amount of energy released when
burning different alcohols. I have found from the graph that the theoretical results are much bigger
on the graph from the practical results. From this, I could then find any errors or problems and alter
them to ensure that they do not occur in the actual investigation. Therefore the 100g value was used,
as this temperature was right for the enthalpy calculations. Determining the Enthalpy Change of the
Decomposition of Calcium Carbonate. Uses of an Alcohol Alcohols can be used as solvents for
various varnishes and paints in the manufacture of aldehydes, ketones and esters. She recommended
that more nurses be hired so patients could be triaged quicker when they first present themselves in
the ER. I believe this because the alcohol with more carbon means that more bonds have to be
broken, this would require more energy to break the many bonds whereas, if there were less carbons
then not as much energy is needed because there are less bonds to break.
From my graphs and tables of results I can see that my findings support this. This table shows the
amount of bonds broken and the amount of bonds made in the combustion of ethanol. The flame was
not always just touching the can, as this again was difficult to measure accurately, and would have
caused differences in the amount of heat given off, as the temperature of the flame is different and
different heights. It is possible to suggest that the amount of energy given off by an alcohol with a
larger carbon chain (more carbon atoms) will be larger than an alcohol with a smaller carbon chain,
for example, Butanol has twice as many carbon atoms as Ethanol, therefore there should be twice as
much as energy given out by Butanol than Ethanol. I use Studypool every time I need help studying,
and it never disappoints. Because of this, there is a big difference between the value of the reactants
and the products, so (H will be negative. Increased oxygen levels would enhance combustion, as it is
vital for combustion to take place. (Shown on page 1). The reading of the water temperature was also
conducted in a relatively inaccurate way due to the capabilities of the thermometers. Either way, this
is inaccurate so it is important to measure out the water with care so that it is as accurate as possible.
The reasons for inefficiency are in the evaluation and previously in the conclusion. This will probably
be because I didn't allow the calorimeter enough time to cool following its use, and so when new
water was put in, it instantly heated up to a higher temperature. The final temperature of the water
was then found, and the final weight of the alcohol was found. These bottlenecks caused a slow
turnover of the ER's examination rooms and unnecessary paperwork resulting in the ineffective use
of both the physicians' and nurses' time.In addition to John, the CEO assigned Dr. Smith, the medical
director of the hospital's ER, and Mary, the ER nurse manager, to the taskforce. However, I would
need to draw a graph to compare how abnormal the result is. In order to enforce minimal heat loss, I
would have to insulate the tin and burner to ensure that. Centers for Disease Control.) Forensics is
controlled. Enthalpy changes on displacement and the reactivity series. Perhaps one way that this
could be solved were the experiment to be repeated is to actually cut the used section of the wick off
of the end so that the length and capacity for holding alcohol could be kept constant. In general, the
height of the wick was very difficult to keep constant throughout, especially as the wick was never
flat on the surface, and could therefore not be measured. This is also important because the amount
of energy absorbed by water for an increase in temperature does not remain exactly constant - it is a
curve - water needs to absorb more energy to change state, so a given amount of energy will not
cause 200cm. They were fairly accurate and you an clearly see the positive correlation in the graph.
There was a cardboard lid to prevent some of this heat lost, but the sides of the can were not
insulated, the can gave of so huge amounts of heat. The mass of one mole is equal to the relative
atomic mass of the alcohol in grams. For instance, ethanol (C2H5OH) has a relative atomic mass of
45 so one mole is 45g of ethanol. (Hc will always be negative as combustion is an exothermic
reaction and heat is given out. However, it is important to consider that with the equipment available,
I could not have made the experiment completely efficient in heat transfer. The Alcohols All alcohols
should be handled in a fume cupboard. What would be the most effective leadership style in the
above case scenario using Fiedler's Contingency Theory. The predicted and observed trend of
increasing exothermic energy should continue with this series. Beginning with an informative
overview of cellular respiration and fermentation processes, the highlight comes as an experiment in
determining the rate of. However, the stirring would have to take place in an enclosed beaker, as by
stirring, you are increasing the rate of evaporation, which will eventually reduce the temperature of
the water. Our results were complete so we were able to do this. From this, I could then find any
errors or problems and alter them to ensure that they do not occur in the actual investigation.
However, excess energy is created, in the form of heat this is released into the environment. The
answer was better coordination and integration of the ER's operating systems.TasksBased on your
research, understanding of the Fiedler's Contingency Theory, and the above scenario, create a 4 page
Microsoft Word document to address the following questions:What is Fiedler's Contingency Theory.
Our verified tutors can answer all questions, from basic math to advanced rocket science. The Effects
of Errors If there was too much water, then it would have required more alcohol to increase its
temperature. I could then also see if all the values I was testing were correct or if I should change
them. Because of this and to gain more accurate results, I will need to find out how much heat the
calorimeter has absorbed and add it on to how much heat the water will have absorbed. Before this
meeting, he had no interactions with Dr. Smith and Mary. He then reviewed the current statistics of
the average wait time for a patient presenting to the ER and the hospital's CEO desire to reduce this
time. We decided to change the height from 8cm above the table surface to 7cm above the tables
surface. The height of the can above the flame is also a factor, so this needs too be kept constant just
touching the can. However I cannot assume that the obtained results are actually accurate. If I were
to do this experiment again, I would ensure that the area where the combustion was being carried out
was well insulated. Evaluation Percentage Errors I have calculated percentage errors in my
experiment to find out how far out my results could have been because of errors made during the
experiment. The United States is the world's largest producer of biofuel. This resource hasn't been
reviewed yet To ensure quality for our reviews, only customers who have downloaded this resource
can review it Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. Also, the
flame was not always touching the calorimeter, so this would have caused differences in the amount
of heat given off. Heat energy is lost to the surroundings, to the air instead of heating the water.
Butan-2-ol and 2methylpropan-1-ol As expected, butan-2-ol had a higher average enthalpy change of
combustion than 2methylpropan-1-ol. Dr. Smith told John to make the hiring and building
recommendations to the CEO. This causes a problem in that I will have to use the value obtained
from the first trial, which could also be inaccurate. These were, the mass of water (50g), and the
specific heat capacity (S.H.C)(4.2). It must include citations and references for the text and at least
two scholarly sources from the Ashford University Library that you used as background
research.Carefully review the Grading Rubric for the criteria that will be used to evaluate your
assignment. For this reason propan-1-ol and butan-1-ol are used so all molecules used will have the -
OH group on the end Carbon atom. 2. Height of beaker above the wick will be kept to roughly.75cm
in every case. Report this Document Download now Save Save Combustion of Alcohols For Later
0% (1) 0% found this document useful (1 vote) 576 views 5 pages Combustion of Alcohols
Uploaded by iibtii AI-enhanced description Investigate the heat energy in a range of alcohol's used
as fuels. A value for the enthalpy change can be obtained by using the burning fuel to heat water and
using fact that 4.2j of energy are required to raise the temperature of 1g of water by 1oC. I would
also have marked the can used, so that it could be used again, and had a more accurate timing
system As these errors were only small, they could not have made the massive differences between
the predicted results, so there must have been other factors that caused the heat from the burner not
to reach the water, and cause these errors. This makes it much harder to break the bonds and so it
requires more energy, resulting in a higher enthalpy change of combustion. Investigation into the
energy released by burning alcohols. Because of this I expect butan-2-ol and 2methylpropan-1-ol to
have high enthalpies of combustion whereas methanol and ethanol will have smaller values and the
two propanol isomers will be in between these. Does everyone have just one leadership style or can it
vary. Injuries resulting from newtechnologies did not fit within the current intentional tort
framework.
Because of this I expect butan-2-ol and 2methylpropan-1-ol to have high enthalpies of combustion
whereas methanol and ethanol will have smaller values and the two propanol isomers will be in
between these. In this experiment the key factor that I plan to investigate is the amount of energy
released from burning different fuels. Also, the above equipment would solve the problem of
incomplete combustion so the results are more likely to be closer to published data. By comparing
the average results, it is possible to see their relationships with each other, and to determine a trend
(i.e. that the larger the molecule of alcohol, the more heat is produced- butanol produces more heat
than ethanol or propanol). The enthalpy changes by the same amount every time the number of
carbon atoms goes up by 1. Empty reply does not make any sense for the end user Submit reply
Cancel Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. By this step you
can get the rise in temperature by subtracting the initial temperature from the final temperature. In
this assignment, you will analyze Fiedler's Contingency Theory and learn to identify the most
effective leadership styl. This table shows the amount of bonds broken and the amount of bonds
made in the combustion of ethanol. I can then find the variation between straight chain and branched
molecules and isomers. Another weakness was that the amount of wick on the spirit burner was not
the same on each burner, and the calorimeters had varying amounts of alcohol in them, so this would
have caused differences in the amount of alcohol burnt. This again is an unfair test as there would be
different amounts of water. The answer was better coordination and integration of the ER's
operating systems.TasksBased on your research, understanding of the Fiedler's Contingency Theory,
and the above scenario, create a 4 page Microsoft Word document to address the following
questions:What is Fiedler's Contingency Theory. If the start temperature is too high the water might
boil and would not show any further temperature increase even though energy is still released. 5. The
same beaker will be used each time and it will be cleaned after each experiment. 6. Height of flame,
this will depend on the length of exposed wick, this will be kept constant at 1 cm. 7. Each alcohol
will be combusted three times so anomalies can be left out and identified. This energy is given out
when forming bonds between the new water and the carbon dioxide molecules I have used water
since it is safe, abundant and has a specific heat capacity which is 4.18. In a chemical reaction bonds
between atoms in the reactant molecules are broken and new bonds are formed in the products. The
calorimeter will be held up by a clamp, connected by a boss to a clamp stand so that heat can be
applied without having to hold the calorimeter up myself. We can calculate the theoretical change in
energy, by using given values, of the energy required to break certain bonds. Firstly, the existing
bonds that make up the alcohol and oxygen are broken, and this requires energy (this energy that we
provide is called activation energy). I will need to find out the energy values for the alcohol and
oxygen reactants, then compare these with the energy values for the carbon dioxide and water
products. However, the experiment is by no means accurate enough to produce results that can give
the heat produced by an alcohol. Which change up the series because of the additional atoms. The
table below shows a general increase in melting points and boiling points as the number of carbon
atoms increases (from advanced chemistry ) Name Molecular Formula Structural Formula Melting
Point Boiling Point Methanol CH3OH. Alcohols react with oxygen in the air to form carbon dioxide,
water and energy is liberated (exothermic reaction), because the reactants’ energy is higher than that
of the products’. After the alcohols have been lit by the splint it will give out oxygen and water as
well as heat energy to heat the water, which will crack the hydrocarbons into simpler molecules and
then will combust later, making this experiment an exothermic reaction. An interesting lesson takes
pupils on a trip through the carbon cycle. I will then light the sprit lamp with a wooden splint
wearing my safety glasses, and making sure the tip of the flame reaches the calorimeter flask at the
same time will be starting the stop clock. What would be the most effective leadership style in the
above case scenario using Fiedler's Contingency Theory. To do this, The Process I needed to find the
heat capacity of the calorimeter that I was using in the experiment. The method was too inefficient to
give good enough results. Empty reply does not make any sense for the end user Submit reply Cancel
Report this resource to let us know if it violates our terms and conditions. I have also kept the same
height of the copper calorimeter the same so the tip of the flame would touch the bottom of the
calorimeter for each experiment knowing it will be a fair test.