Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Information gathered in Guidelines I through III serves as the basis for developing a
marketing plan for your product or brand in a target market. How the problems and
opportunities that sur- faced in the preceding steps are overcome or exploited to produce
maximum sales and profits are presented here. The action plan reflects, in your judgment,
the most effective means of marketing your product in a country market. Budgets expected
profits and losses, and additional resources necessary to implement the pro- posed plan also
are presented.
Guideline
a. Objectives - Зорилт
c. Message зурвас
d. Costs зардал
a. Objectives. Зорилт
b. Coupons. купон
c. Premiums
d. Costs
3. Personal selling
1. Port selection.
a. Origin port.
b. Destination port
2. Mode selection: Advantages/disadvantages of each mode
a. Railroads
b. Air carriers
c. Ocean carriers
d. Motor carriers
Railroads:
Advantages:
Disadvantages:
Air Carriers:
Advantages:
Speed: Air transport is the fastest mode, making it ideal for time-sensitive
electronic goods.
Global Reach: Air carriers can reach almost any destination worldwide, facilitating
international shipments.
Reduced Risk of Damage: Air transportation generally involves less handling,
reducing the risk of damage to fragile electronic goods.
Disadvantages:
Cost: Air freight is usually more expensive than other modes of transport,
especially for large or heavy shipments.
Limited Capacity for Bulk Goods: While suitable for high-value and time-sensitive
goods, air carriers may not be as efficient for bulk shipments.
Ocean Carriers:
Advantages:
Cost-Effective for Large Shipments: Ocean freight is often cost-effective for large
volumes of goods, especially over long distances.
Suitable for Heavy and Bulky Items: Ocean carriers can handle heavy and bulky
electronic goods more efficiently than air carriers.
Environmentally Friendly: Compared to air transport, sea freight has a lower
carbon footprint.
Disadvantages:
Speed: Ocean transport is slower than air transport, making it less suitable for
time-sensitive electronic goods.
Accessibility: Ports may not be located near the final destination, requiring
additional transportation methods.
Disadvantages:
Comparison:
Speed:
● Air carriers are the fastest, followed by motor carriers, railroads, and
ocean carriers in decreasing order of speed.
Cost:
● Motor carriers and railroads are often more cost-effective for large
shipments over shorter distances.
● Air carriers are the most expensive, while ocean carriers offer a
balance for large shipments over long distances.
Global Reach:
● Air carriers and ocean carriers have extensive global reach, while
railroads and motor carriers are more regionally focused.
Environmental Impact:
● Rail and ocean transport are generally more environmentally friendly
compared to air transport.
Reliability:
● Air carriers and motor carriers are often considered more reliable in
terms of scheduling and timely deliveries.
The choice of transportation method depends on various factors such as the nature
of the electronic goods, cost considerations, time sensitivity, and the geographic
locations involved in the supply chain. A combination of different modes, known as
intermodal transportation, is often used to optimize the advantages of each method.
3. Packing.
a. Marking and labeling regulations
b. Containerization.
c. Costs
4. Documentation required
a. Bill of lading.
b. Dock receipt
c. Air bill
d. Commercial invoice
e. Pro forma invoice
f. Shipper’s export declaration
g. Statement of origin
h.Special documentation
1 – Exporter’s Details
3 – Shipping Details
5 – Product Details
6 – Bank Details
7 – Authorized Signature
5. Insurance claims
6. Freight forwarder. If your company does not have a transportation or traffic
management department, then consider using a freight forwarder. There are distinct
advantages and disadvantages to hiring one.
F. Channels of distribution (micro analysis). This section presents details about the specific
types of distribution in your marketing plan.
1. Retailers / Жижиглэн худалдаачид/
a. Type and number of retail stores / төрөл, тоо/
b. Retail markups for products in each type of retail store / Жижиглэнгийн
дэлгүүрийн төрөл бүрийн бүтээгдэхүүний жижиглэнгийн үнэ
c. Methods of operation for each type (cash/credit) / Төрөл тус бүрийн үйл
ажиллагааны арга (бэлэн мөнгө/зээл)
d. Scale of operation for each type (small/large) / Төрөл бүрийн үйл
ажиллагааны цар хүрээ (жижиг/том)
2. Wholesale middlemen /бөөний худалдаа
а.Type and number of wholesale middlemen / а.Бөөний зуучлагчдын
төрөл, тоо/
b. Markup for class of products by each type / Бүтээгдэхүүний ангилал тус
бүрээр нь тэмдэглэгээ хийх
c. Methods of operation for each type (cash/credit) в. Төрөл тус бүрийн үйл
ажиллагааны арга (бэлэн мөнгө/зээл)
2. Бөөний худалдаа:
а. Бөөний агуулахууд: Ingram Micro, Synnex, Dicker Data зэрэг
бөөний борлуулагч, агуулахуудтай хамтран жижиглэн худалдаачид,
борлуулагчид болон бизнесийн үйлчлүүлэгчдийн өргөн сүлжээнд гар утас
нийлүүлдэг. Бөөний худалдааны түншлэлийг ашигласнаар тус компани өөр
өөр бүс нутаг дахь өргөн хүрээний бизнес, борлуулагчдад үр дүнтэй хүрч
чадна.
G. Price determination
1. Cost of the shipment of goods
2. Transportation costs
3. Handling expenses
a. Pier charges.
b. Wharfage fees.
c. Loading and unloading charges
4. Insurance costs
5. Customs duties
6. Import taxes and value-added tax
7. Wholesale and retail markups and discounts
8. Company’s gross margins
9. Retail price
H. Terms of sale
1. EX works, FOB, FAS, C&F, CIF
2. Advantages/disadvantages of each
I. Methods of payment
1. Cash in advance.
2. Open accounts
3. Consignment sales
4. Sight, time, or date drafts
5. Letters of credit
II. Pro forma financial statements and budgets
A. Marketing budget
1. Selling expense
2. Advertising/promotion expense
3. Distribution expense.
4. Product cost
5. Other costs
B. Pro forma annual profit and loss statement (first year through fifth year)
III. Resource requirements
A. Finances
B. Personnel.
C. Production capacity