Name: _____________________

Admission to PhD Human Nutrition and Dietetics

(Admission Test: 2023) Roll No.____________________
PART-I Date: ______________________
1. A 22-year-old female who has sustained a 50% total body surface
area burn in a house fire is intubated in the ICU. She is scheduled for A. The O2 consumption and CO2 production over 24 hours
serial debridements in the OR. The best management for B. The O2 consumption via measurements from a pulmonary artery
perioperative nutrition includes: catheter
C. The O2 consumption and CO2 production at rest
A. Begin TPN to ensure adequate nutrition despite intermittent NPO D. The heat released by the body and steam released via the skin and
periods respiration
B. Place a postpyloric feeding tube to allow continuation of tube
feeds intraoperatively 8. A 56-year-old male is admitted with severe acute pancreatitis due
C. Stop tube feeds 8 hours before the OR start time to alcohol ingestion. Appropriate management of his nutrition
D. Stop tube feeds at midnight before the OR includes:

2. A 39-year-old 80-kg trauma patient is intubated and sedated in the A. Complete bowel rest until resolution of symptoms
ICU. You are planning to start enteral nutrition. What is his daily B. Parenteral nutrition until recovery
calorie goal that you need to meet with tube feeding? C. Enteral nutrition via jejunal route only
D. Enteral nutrition via gastric or jejunal routes
A. 2100 kcal/d
B. 1800 kcal/d
C. 2600 kcal/d 9. Which of the following defines a trans fatty acid?
D. 1500 kcal/d
A. Any fatty acid with a double bond in it.
3. Which of the following patients should have enteral nutrition B. Any fatty acid with no double bonds in it.
advanced to goal within the first 24 to 48 hours of hospitalization C. Any fatty acid with two carbon-chains on the same side of a double
instead of waiting up to 1 week before instituting enteral nutrition? bond.
D. Any fatty acid with two carbon-chains on opposite sides of a double
A. 24-year-old with history of type I diabetes mellitus now post bond.
multitrauma motorcycle crash
B. 39-year-old G1P1 with ROSC after arrest due to postpartum 10. Which of the following kinds of chylomicron contains the most
hemorrhage cholesterol?
C. 76-year-old with a history of COPD and hypertension with
urosepsis and renal failure A. A Very Low Density Lipoprotein
D. 85-year-old with a history of a lung nodule now post right lower B. A Low Density Lipoprotein
lobe lobectomy C. A Medium Density Lipoprotein
D. A High Density Lipoprotein
4. A patient’s calculated nitrogen balance is 4 g/d. What change to the
patient’s nutrition would you make? 11. Which of the following is NOT found in all amino acids?

A. Increase protein intake A. An -NH3 group.

B. Decrease protein intake B. An organic acid group.
C. No change needs to be made to the protein content C. An “R” group.
D. Begin 25% albumin every 8 hours D. A chain of four carbons in a row.

5. A frail appearing 82-year-old male is admitted to the ICU with 12. Which of the following is the definition of an essential amino
respiratory insufficiency due to pneumonia. A nasogastric tube is acid?
placed as there are concerns for dysphagia and tube feeds are started.
Approximately 24 hours after admission the patient develops signs A. An amino acid that rids the body of toxins.
and symptoms of left heart failure. The most likely cause of this B. An amino acid that is very healthy to eat.
patient’s sudden cardiac dysfunction is: C. An amino acid that the body needs but cannot make for itself.
D. Any amino acid that the body uses to make proteins
A. Low systemic phosphorous
B. Cor pulmonale 13. Which of the following is an essential amino acid?
C. Pulmonary embolism
D. Vitamin B3 deficiency A. Fatty acids
6. A 63-year-old female with a BMI of 55 is admitted to the ICU with B. Valine
a necrotizing soft tissue infection. She is intubated and enteral tube C. Alanine
feeds are started. If indirect calorimetry is not available, how should D. Glycine
her calorie requirements be estimated?
14. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of the true double
A. Indirect calorimetry blind study design?
B. 22 to 25 kcal/kg/d of ideal body weight
C. 11 to 14 kcal/kg/d of actual body weight A. It reduces bias in the experimenter
D. 25 to 30 kcal/kg/d of ideal body weight B. It reduces error that is caused by the placebo effect.
C. It ensures that all subjects give honest answers to all experimental
7. Indirect calorimetry determines energy expenditure by measuring: questions.
D. It is possible to compare any effects of the experimental treatment to D. All of the above are present
the effects of
non-treatment (or “control”). 24. Does saliva help in the digestion of which of the given options?

15. Which of the following is a dietary guideline that is espoused by A. Protein

both the US Department of B. Starch
Health and Human Services and your humble professor? C. Fibre
D. None of these
A. Cut out all fats.
B. Eat more protein. 25. Which of the following is the best source of omega-3 fatty acids?
C. Eat a wide variety of foods, especially vegetables. A. Steak
D. Eat plenty of antioxidants B. fish
C. pork
16. During respiration, energy is produced in the form of? D. corn oil

A. ATP 26. Which of the given is responsible for the sweetness of milk?
B. ADP
C. NADP A. Sucrose
D. Hydrogen B. Lactose
C. Carotene
17. Which among the following elements is present in Hemoglobin? D. Microse

A. Phosphorus 27. Which of the given enzymes is responsible for the digestion of
B. Copper milk protein?
C. Magnesium
D. Iron A. Rennin
B. Pepsin
18. Which one of the following given options is not a micronutrient? C. Trypsin
D. Erepsin
A. Zinc
B. Iron 28. Which of the following is a FALSE statement about cholesterol?
C. Sulphur
D. Manganese A. The body produces cholesterol.
B. Cholesterol is the most harmful kind of lipid in our diet.
19. Alpha-keratin is a type of Which among the following? C. We use cholesterol to make some hormones
D. Cholesterol has a 4-ring structure
A. Vitamin
B. Protein 29. Which food in the following breakfast has the highest glycaemic
C. Fat index?
D. Carbohydrate
A. vegetable Rice
20. What is the chemical name of Vitamin B9? B. milk
C. sugar
A. Folic Acid D. wholegrain toast
B. Cyanocobalamin
C. Calciferol 30. A one-week cyclical menu is the most appropriate choice for
D. Tocopherols
A. an acute care paediatric hospital
21. What is an average daily intake of proteins, suggested to an active B. a community based child care service
woman? C. a residential aged care facility
D. a small rural hospital
A. 100g
B. 120g 31. It is identified that there is a high prevalence of obesity in
C. 20g adolescent girls in a rural town. There are a number of potential
D. 45g interventions the local dietitian could undertake. Which of the
following interventions will be most effective for this target group?
22. How much amount of protein intake is suggested to a lactating
mother? A. an information package to be distributed by school nurse
B. a nutrition program aired on the local radio station
A. 70g C. an after-school education program for teenage girls
B. 110g D. a peer mentoring program between the teenage girls
C. 140g
D. 150g 32. A 45-year-old overweight man is newly diagnosed with Type 2
diabetes. According to general guides for healthy eating, which of the
23. Which of the following is not present in proteins? following food groups needs to be increased to meet the minimum
serves for good health?
A. Hydrogen
B. Nitrogen A. fruit and vegetables
C. Oxygen B. meat and meat alternatives
 C. dairy foods 41. Gastroesophogeal reflux disease (GERD) is a digestive disorder
D. breads and cereals that

33. A 45-year-old overweight man is newly diagnosed with Type 2 A. occurs when the valve at the top of the stomach relaxes
diabetes. Other than reducing overall energy intake, the main priority B. occurs when the liver is in poor health
for nutrition intervention would be to C. is related to kidney functions
D. is related to the presence of some heart conditions
A. reduce saturated fat intake
B. increase dietary fibre intake 42. Lipids (fats) are absorbed directly from the small intestines into
C. reduce alcohol intake
D. increase low glycaemic index choices A. the blood
B. fat cells
34. A 45-year-old overweight man is newly diagnosed with Type 2 C. lymphatic cells
diabetes After initial dietary education, follow-up with this patient D. lymphatic vessels
would typically occur

A. within 7-10 days 43. Which of the following statements about fatty foods is true?
B. one month later
C. with their doctor A. Fatty foods are low in energy density.
D. if blood glucose levels become elevated B. Fat in foods contributes to satiety.
C. Fat gives foods a tough texture.
35. A 2-year-old girl diagnosed with lactose intolerance has the main D. Fat impairs the absorption of some phytochemicals.
nutrient of concern from the following list
44. A close relationship exists between the rising of ________ and of
A. Calcium type 2 diabetes in the United
B. Iron States.
C. Zinc A. obesity
D. Carbohydrate B. cancer
C. depression
D. blood disorders
36. A 13-year old girl with excessive menstrual bleeding has the main
nutrient of concern from the following list 45. Which hormone stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver?

A. Calcium A. Insulin
B. Iron B. Glucagon
C. Zinc C. Leptin
D. Carbohydrate D. Thyroid hormone

37. What do UL’s refer to within nutrition? 46. Glycogen is mainly stored in

A. Minimum levels of a nutrient one needs to consume to be healthy A. muscle and liver tissue
B. Used to assess adequacy of intakes of population groups B. pancreas and kidney tissue
C. Upper limits of nutrient intake compatible with health C. stomach and intestine tissue
D. Nutrient intake values used by athletes D. brain and red blood cell tissue

38. Which of the following is the term for substances that are both 47. What is the most common type of fat in food and in body fat
required by the body and that must be obtained from diet? stores?

A. Food A. Glycerol
B. Nutrients B. Triglycerides
C. Essential foods C. Monoglycerides
D. Essential dietary needs D. Diglycerides

39. Movement of food through much of the digestive system is done 48. Which of the lipoproteins is the most triglyceride-rich?
via which form of muscle action?
A. Peristalsis A. LDL
B. Secretion B. HDL
C. Sphincter contraction C. VLDL
D. Bolus segmentation D. Chylomicron

40. A group of lactic acid-producing bacteria that appear to provide a

range of positive digestive 49. Which of the following amino acid is essential?
benefits are known as
A. Asparagine
A. probiotics B. Tryptophan
B. nutribiotics C. Glycine
C. gastro biotics D. Glutamine
D. bioproductives
 50. How often do humans need a fresh supply of essential amino C. mRNA
acids? D. DNA

A. At every meal 10. Most enzymes are three dimensional--------------------- proteins:

B. Daily A. Fibrous
C. Weekly B. Keratin
D. Monthly C. Globular
D. Dimer
PART-II
11. --------------------- are known as biological catalyst:
1. A health professional is determining the caloric intake for a patient. A. Hormones
Her caloric intake from B. Enzymes
fiber would be C. Molecules
A. 3.4 kcal/g. D. Atoms
B. 0 kcal/g.
C. 4 kcal/g. 12. The region that binds with substrate, cofactors and prosthetic
D. 9 kcal/g group is known as -----------
------ of an enzyme:
2. The cellular proteins become denatured brining metabolism to stop A. Loop
and death if the body B. Bend
temperature reaches to ------------- degree centigrade: C. Active site
A. 50 D. Apoenzyme
B. 35
C. 45 13. Human body is composed of with ----------------- % water:
D. 30 A. 60
B. 50
3. Chronic hypertension can favor the process of ------------------- C. 40
which causes the openings D. 20
of blood vessels to narrow:
A. Diabetes 14. --------------------- refers to the sensations of hunger satiation and
B. Obesity satiety that prompts a
C. Renal failure person to eat or not to eat:
D. Athersclerosis A. Appetite
B. BMI
4. Examples of negative feedback include control of blood pressure C. BMR
and --------------------: D. Feeling of fullness
A. Hunger 15. Due to low consumption of protein older protein may develop
B. Temperature edema, and become --------
C. Childbirth --- and are more prone towards infections:
D. Fever A. Diabetic
B. Cardiac patients
5. During the childbirth production and release of -------------- C. Anemic
increases the strength of D. Hepatic patients
uterine contractions:
A. Cortisol 16. Adequate intake of omega-3 helps to in improving all functions
B. Oxytocin except ----------------------
C. Insulin in older adults:
D. Epinephrine A. Visual acuity
B. Wound healing
6. During hyperthermia heat receptors in the skin act as C. Improper digestion
--------------------: D. Mental depression
A. Control center 17. A patient requires a nutrition assessment. The most appropriate
B. Sensor professional to perform the
C. Effectors assessment is a
D. Effect A. physician.
7. ------------------- fats are crucial for normal body functioning: B. nurse.
A. Essential C. public health nutritionist.
B. Non essential D. registered dietitian.
C. Trans 18. The sum of all body processes inside living cells that sustain life
D. Bad and health is
8. -------------------- is known as control center of cell: A. science.
A. Golgi apparatus B. digestion.
B. Ribosome C. metabolism.
C. Nucleus D. nutrition.
D. Cell wall 19. Which of the following is the most accurate statement regarding
the functions of protein?
9. -------------- is used of digesting of food or cellular invaders: A. Proteins can be a primary fuel source even if there is
A. Lysosomes adequate carbohydrate intake.
B. Ribosomes
 B. Proteins are a necessary nutrient to provide energy for the B. because excess body fat is evident and excess calories are
body in times of stress. consumed, there is no risk of nutrient deficiency leading to
C. Proteins can be used as coenzyme factors during cell malnutrition.
metabolism. C. even though excess body fat and excess nutrient intake are
D. Proteins are essential to building and repairing tissues evident, there still may be a risk for some type of nutrient
within the body. deficiency leading to malnutrition.
D. excess body weight may or may not be present along with
20. A 65-year-old man requires 2000 kcal/day without any specific fat excess consumption of carbohydrates and fat, which results
or carbohydrate in inadequate vitamin and mineral intake.
requirements. The approximate number of kilocalories per day from
fat that his diet should 27. The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are developed by the
provide is _____ kcal/day. A. U.S. Public Health Service.
A. 400 to 700 B. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
B. 100 to 300 C. Food and Nutrition Board of the Institute of Medicine
C. 500 to 800 D. National Institutes of Health (NIH).
D. 900 to 1200
28. When not enough scientific evidence is available to establish a
21. The basic building units of protein are called _____ acids. Recommended Dietary
A. fatty Allowance (RDA), the value used to guide intake is called the
B. amino A. Dietary Reference Intake (DRI).
C. nucleic B. tolerable upper intake level (UL).
D. carboxyl C. estimated average requirement (EAR).
D. adequate intake (AI).
22. The main nutrients involved in metabolic regulation and control
are 29. You are asked to help plan meals for a local monthly community
A. water and vitamins. dinner meeting for the
B. vitamins and minerals. elderly. The tool that would be most helpful for planning healthy
C. vitamins and fatty acids. meals is the
D. minerals and carbohydrates. A. Dietary Reference Intakes.
B. Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
23. The dietary regimen that would provide optimal nutrition for a C. MyPlate food guidance system.
person who is recovering from an extended illness is a diet D. basic four food groups.
A. low in protein, fat, and carbohydrates; high in minerals and
vitamins; and very low in fiber. 30. You are asked to explain the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to
B. providing adequate amounts of carbohydrates, protein, fat, an adult community
minerals, and vitamins along with adequate water and fiber. education class at the local college. The most appropriate areas to
C. high in protein, fiber, and fluid; low in carbohydrates; and cover in teaching this topic
adequate in vitamins and minerals. include
D. with essential amounts of vitamins and minerals; high in A. appropriate amounts of sodium, saturated fat, cholesterol,
protein; and low in fat, carbohydrates, and fiber. trans-fatty acids, whole grains
B. adequate calories and protein for weight maintenance,
24. A young woman is 5 months pregnant. She currently lives in a smoking cessation, herbal supplements, and food fads.
condition of poverty and often C. the importance of low-carbohydrate diets, smoking
runs out of money to buy food. She is most at risk for cessation, herbal supplements, appropriate food groups,
A. liver damage. and sodium and potassium.
B. osteopenia. D. food security, weight maintenance, glucose monitoring, and
C. undernutrition. blood pressure monitoring technique.
D. overnutrition.
31. A patient asks you what he should eat to maintain an optimal diet.
25. Which factors place a person at the greatest risk for malnutrition? An appropriate response
A. Poor appetite, insufficient nutrient intake, poor hygiene, would be to
and depleted nutrition reserves A. eat a variety of foods and eat in moderation.
B. Poor hygiene, insufficient exercise, and excess B. avoid all fast food and processed foods.
carbohydrate intake C. eat only natural, organic foods.
C. Depleted carbohydrate intake, poor hygiene, and excess D. use vitamin and mineral supplements to ensure adequate
calorie intake nutrients.
D. Poor appetite, insufficient nutrient intake, depleted nutrition
reserves, and a form of metabolic stress 32. The goal of the MyPlate food guide is to promote
A. variety, proportion moderation, gradual improvements, and
26. Mr. Khan, who is 48 years old, is admitted to the hospital with a physical activity.
fracture to his left hip. He B. physical activity, portion control, daily blood pressure
weighs 248 lb (54 lb above his desired weight). He is considered to monitoring, and gradual improvements in health.
be in a state of C. portion control, daily physical activity, daily glucose
overnutrition. The statement most true regarding his state of monitoring, moderation, and variety.
overnutrition is that D. variety, moderation, weighing food portions, daily blood
A. desired nutrients are consumed in excess amounts without pressure monitoring, and
the risk of malnutrition. A. glucose monitoring.
33. A patient is to receive 2400 kcal/day while recovering from a B. to continue with whole grains, lean proteins, and
motor vehicle accident. He is to receive 50% of calories from vegetables, and replace sugary sodas with sugar-free
carbohydrates, 25% of calories from fat, and 25% of calories beverages.
from protein. Which of the following represents the appropriate C. to drink skim milk and eliminate soups, replacing them
calories for each substrate? with fatty fish five meals a week.
A. 1500 kcal from carbohydrates, 500 kcal from fat, and 400 D. to enjoy his diet as is but encourage adequate amounts of
kcal from protein exercise throughout the week.
B. 1400 kcal from carbohydrates, 600 kcal from fat, and 400 38. The recommended total calories provided by fat in an 1800-
kcal from protein calorie diet should not exceed
C. 1200 kcal from carbohydrates, 600 kcal from fat, and 600 A. 180 calories.
kcal from protein B. 270 calories.
D. 1600 kcal from carbohydrates, 400 kcal from fat, and 400 C. 630 calories.
kcal from protein D. 720 calories.
34. A patient is placed on a 2300-kcal diet. The health care provider is
asked to calculate the 39. The chemical feature that distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from
grams of carbohydrates the patient is receiving on the diet. The an unsaturated fatty acid is
number of grams of the
carbohydrates is A. amount of water it contains.
A. 50 g. B. amount of cholesterol it contains.
B. 35 g. C. source.
C. 250 g. D. amount of hydrogen it contains.
D. impossible to calculate from this data.
40. An example of a food that contains a high level of saturated fatty
35. A 52-year-old single woman comes to the health professional for acids is
advice on maintaining A. beefsteak.
optimal nutritional health. Her food intake records indicate that she B. olive oil.
likes to eat at fast food C. green tomatoes.
restaurants at least twice a week and relies on processed foods for the D. whole-grain bread.
majority of her dietary
intake. She maintains an active lifestyle and works part time at the 41. Of the following fats, the one that is least saturated is
local bank. The next step to A. safflower oil.
assist this woman would be to B. coconut oil.
A. assess meal plan options along with the ability to prepare C. olive oil.
nutritious foods. D. butter oil.
B. obtain laboratory values to further assess her nutrition
status and recommend supplementing her diet with 42. Most fatty acids in plant foods are
vitamins and minerals. A. monounsaturated.
C. find ways to decrease eating at fast food restaurants and B. polyunsaturated.
incorporate physical exercise into her daily routine. C. unsaturated.
D. recommend that she use the MyPlate food guide to change D. saturated.
her eating style and attend cooking classes at the local
community center. 43 A patient is concerned with her weight. Her energy intake is
calculated to be 1600 calories.
36. The person most at risk for malnutrition would be a(n) Intake records reveal that her fat intake for the past month has been
A. active young adult who eats three to five servings of fruits 120 calories or less per
and vegetables along with lean meats and fish and complex day. The most appropriate intervention would be to
carbohydrates and exercises three times a week. A. assess for essential fatty acid deficiency.
B. young child who refuses to eat peas, green beans, and B. continue to monitor for changes.
broccoli but loves fruits and other vegetables. C. continue current meal plan.
C. middle-aged man undergoing chemotherapy for leukemia D. draw lab work immediately.
and who is having difficulty eating solid food.
D. young weight lifter who has recently undergone surgery for 44. The body needs linoleic acid for
a compound fracture of his left femur. A. digestion of food.
B. protein metabolism.
37. Mr Khan is a 45-year-old man who has a history of diabetes, and C. fluid balance.
the dietary history reveals that he enjoys a good breakfast with whole D. blood clotting.
grain cereal and fruit. For lunch, he usually eats soup or an entrée
consisting of a salad and meat along with 2% milk and a sugary soda.
He usually has an afternoon snack of chips and sugary soda, and 45. The best food choice to provide alpha-linolenic acid is
dinner is eaten at a restaurant most days of A. strawberries.
the week where he chooses steaks, hamburgers, and fries or onion B. canola oil.
rings along with a salad and C. raisin toast.
a beer or other high-calorie beverage. One of the most important D. lard.
recommendations for C.G.
would be 46. The primary reason lecithin is able to help transport fatty material
A. to not eat at restaurants on a regular basis unless he chooses in the bloodstream is
salads only along with water. because it is
A. a phytosterol.
B. a buffer.
 C. found in hemoglobin. D. diabetes, dementia, and stroke.
D. amphiphilic.
49. An example of a food that does not contain cholesterol is
47. The process of adding hydrogen to fatty acids is called A. liver.
A. hydrolysis. B. sausage.
B. hydrogenation. C. cheese.
C. emulsification. D. coconut.
D. hydration. 50. Cholesterol is synthesized by the body mainly in the
A. intestine.
48. After a dietary assessment is completed, it reveals that a client B. liver.
consumes 50% of his or her C. adipose tissue.
daily calories from fat. This amount of fat places the client at risk for D. skin.
A. obesity, arthritis, and elevated blood pressure.
B. obesity, elevated blood fats, and diabetes.
C. elevated blood pressure, diabetes, and allergies.
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