Name of institution: University of South Africa Name of the module: Chemical Engineering Technology Ill: Unit Operations Module code: CEM3PRB Student name & number: Maite Caroline Mulaudzi 61157384 Date of experiment: September 2021 Due date: 22 October 2021 Lab section number: kq-074 Instructor's name: Mr Majo Scanned with CamScanner®Table of conten’ Title page... Declaration... Acknowledgement... Abstract. Introduction... Theory, Experimental procedure... Result and discussion... Conelusion.. 5 Recommendations... References. 6 Appendices 7 Scanned with CamScannerDeclaration: I declare that this submission is my own work and all other acknowledged by reference at the end of the report. Signed: M.C Mulaudzi AE information provided are Date: September 2021 I Scanned with CamScannerAcknowledgement | would like to thank two students, and the instructor on conducting of this experiment and lastly the lecture with how to write the report, Students: T Maluka 39618005 Revash 62268287 Instructor: Mr Majo Lecture: Mrs Pinky Moroenyane Ui Scanned with CamScanner\ Abstract: conlineus An experiment about abet distillation process. Prepared 10% volume of ethanol concentration on 20L of water, meaning that there was 2L of ethanol plus 18L of water mixed together. Took the refractive index of water, ethanol and the mixture. The aim of the experiment was to calculate the mass balance and energy balance and to determine the number of stages using McCabe Thiele method. There was two experiment conducted, first experiment at a ratio of 2:1 and the second experiment at 1:2. The stop watch was used for approximately 30 minutes to take the samples from the distillate bottoms at each and every 5 minutes. The mass and volumes of the samples taken were measured and recorded. in Scanned with CamScannerIntroductio1 Distillation is a separation process used to separate two liquids through condensation and vaporizations. The boiling point of the different liquid causes the van der Waals forces to break and the liquids to separate. In this experiment two liquid were mixed and separated. The two are ethanol and water. In order to separate this two liquid, distillation process must occur. Distillation are commonly used in many indust separate liquids especially in chemical processing industries. 1s to In this experiment, we used continuous distillation to separate ethanol and water. The reflux ratio was firstly 2:1 and lastly was 1:2 and the two results compared. The mass and the volume of the distillate set were measured and recorded. At every stage the temperature was also recorded as well. The McCabe Thiel method was used to calculate the mass and energy balance and the number of stages. The main objectives of the experiment is to calculate the mass balance and energy balance and to determine number of stages using McCabe Thiele method. 4 Scanned with CamScanner ~Theory: Distilation is the process of separating mixtures by vaporization. Flash distillation is most basic ofall distilation techniques. When a mixture at a certain temperature and re, this is known as flash distillation. This disrupts st volatile the pressure is allowed to drop in pressu the mixture's vapor-liquid equilibrium, resul also the most basic type iting in a vapor rich in the mo: of distillation, as it does not allow the component (). This is Shrikant S., Ghassan A.. distilates to be refined. (Michael O., Mohammed K., Alex G., Brandon F., and Brandon F.) id entrainment is too intense. The distillate is Flooding- Flooding happens when liqui Michael O., contaminated as a result of the large pressure drop in the column Mohammed K., Alex G., Shrikant S., Ghassan A., Brandon F., and Brandon F.) cok | H-hf q = feed quality(dimensionless) [= fiow rate of liquid below the feed (mol/hr) L = flow rate of liquid above the feed (kJ/kg) F = feed flow rate (mol/hr) H = boiling vapor enthalpy of feed (kJ/kg) hf = enthalpy of feed (kJ/kg) h= boiling liquid enthalpy of feed (kJ/kg) z Scanned with CamScannerExperimental procedure: ‘Apparatus and material used yyy Stop watch Ethanol Water Scale Beakers, Procedure vvvyyy Prepared 10% of ethanol from 20L of water, which that will be 2L of ethanol and mix it with 18L of water. Closed the valves that needed to be closed Opened the valves that needed to be opened. Tank D1 was filled with a mixture of ethanol and water that had been prepared. Every switch was turned to zero The plant was then connected to the power grid “The water source was then connected to the plant, with the water outlet going to the floor drain, The control valve FV1 was opened, and the flow rate was set to 20% and the set point to 10%. Tanks D2 and D4 were drained every 5 minutes D1, D2, D3, D4, and the reboiler were all drained completely. 3 Scanned with CamScanherResults: | Coach’ Repreclive tadex YS Mole a e a) Bon. Be 5 ~U. s y % S a & male grocblon \ AIS bhak Ue a Bho Coe Se | \adex and Ue vole Grectlons ane haverély Pe Proprbon Reprockive. \ndex dlecvense Su. Meyeages in he rele, Bvachion , Le ‘ Scanned with CamScannerDiscussion: e lhe ° ay Lon the | ‘The, dese, oh Gedy oy be * fe Seis Ig ws one cory men E os then en le aatln The mal volalil “ie en beled ag Va us &e tk with Le leasl- yok ‘le component s the experiment was diutded tubo beso parts The man ky ecllve of part A as b debe ne he pressuve chop ovey Ue disliWlablen colemn — for vevloug bot Ww soles the ay pou ex ee el also ae egeck eo fear) ayackwe acho of Ue, en “he Nger the pores inp, lle i. hey lhe up ov ‘Spe "few the veprect le ince yllves condensale gow ios *veewed be \nevease wher Soe Sneet \ac eases. As We naa te pe i 1s mevecsel, Use composition " 0€ le Mayoy codliluent te lee chengivg, he Scanned with CamScanner ~Conclusion: the obyeellves - Ue expevimenE were adNeved since te uns bo delermine eseuve dvop eve’ Ue Aicll\ lation alum an yorlous loo\l 1p oan ancl to deberwlne © mixkine core oostttons bx esling 4 egreclomeber Ure ek u a Lovo pots Le cepa mecllve \ndex wht oh P € ‘ \inceveases valle Ure. povey pe hncveceee a Scanned with CamScannertecommendations: ' on le Che o weve cleav sees ie distiller, ee ie, TT table expetnal t on shes Oe on most of He pa es Wee te they Uvee. exper ment. 1 te £ S\ ce AU Melon Vs a lenge “ere ens, ood v calatter, | 3<4 “ pen "ettrinent lL lhuder s m aD Walled ¢ Kludenls pey be Hrourr = all bel eel, oot oe ely beng Us polled DHley, espactally dng Ebi pyeckledd \n Elmes of NA References: ~ Unit operation ChE-382 Group3, University of Illinois, Chicago, Michael O, Mohammed K, Alex G, Shrikant S, Ghassan A, Brandon F, and Brandon F (2010) ~ Chemical engineering technology Ill (module B), Van Der Plas, P. and Patterson, C.E., unisa, South Africa, 2005 6. 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