Institute of Engineering and Rural Technology,

Prayagraj.
Vikas Patel, Ratnesh Singh, Sunny Rajbhar
14 February 2024

1 Abstract
The block chain is an innovative technology which opened doors to new ap-
plications for solving numerous problems in distributed environments. In this
work, we design a block chain based data storage and access framework Twitter
application to remove its total dependence on a centralized repository. We use
the public block chain and tools like Ganache, Metamask,Truffle and Ethereum
IDE for deploying the contracts. In the proposed work, metadata of the files are
stored on the block chain and we use the networks like Ropsten and Rinkebey
for occurring the Transactions using a peer -to-peer networks. This will provide
decentralized storage, distributed processing, and efficient lookup capabilities.

2 Introduction
The block chain is a peer-to-peer distributed ledger in which records called
blocks are linked and secured using a cryptographic hash. By design, block
chains are decentralized, secure, immutable and extremely fault tolerance mak-
ing them suitable for record management activities i.e., financial transactions,
identity management, provenance and authentication. Block chain can be de-
ployed as permissionless (e.g., Bitcoin or Ethereum) or permissioned blockchain
e.g., Hyperledger Project by The Linux Foundation. In permissionless or pub-
lic block chain the actors in the system are not known. Anyone can join or
leave the block chain network at any time, which may raise security risks in
the network. However, in permissioned or private blockchain only known and
identifiable set of participants are explicitly admitted to the blockchain net-
work. This reduces the presence of malicious actors within the network. As
a result, only authenticated and authorized actors can participate in the net-
work which increases the security of the system as required by the enterprise
applications.The interesting non-financial areas that leverage the opportunities
of permissioned blockchains include health, government services, supply chain
management, Internet of Things, peer-to-peer cloud storage and many more.
The P2P cloud storage is an interesting application of blockchain as it provides

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a decentralized data storage facility without involving any trusted third party
or a clientserver architecture. The decentralized data storage will help to elim-
inate the most traditional data failures and outages by increasing the security,
privacy, and control of the data.

3 Problem Statement
Social media platforms Twitter have a problem because they’re controlled from
one main place, making it risky for people’s personal information. We need a
different kind of social media, one that’s not all in one place, so users can have
more control over their personal data and keep it safe. It’s like having your
own safe space on the internet where you decide what’s private and what’s not.
This change is important for making social media more secure and giving users
more power over their information. In simple terms, we need social media where
everyone has a say, making it safer and more controlled by the users themselves.

4 Survey
The survey aims to assess centralized social media platform shortcomings, focus-
ing on concerns such as data privacy, concentrated control, and susceptibility to
censorship. Users’ perspectives on these issues will be gathered to understand
the extent of their impact. The survey seeks insights into user preferences for
decentralized alternatives, emphasizing the importance of user control over data
and content. Questions will address perceptions of current social media secu-
rity and privacy measures, identifying areas for improvement. The survey aims
to gauge user awareness and interest in blockchain-based solutions for social
media. Results will inform the development of a decentralized Twitter clone,
addressing the identified concerns and preferences. Participants’ feedback will
play a crucial role in shaping a more secure, transparent, and user-centric social
media experience.

5 Plateform Used for the Project

The project centers on utilizing the Ethereum blockchain for a decentralized
social media experience, employing smart contracts to handle execution and
storage. Ethereum, renowned for its robust smart contract functionality, is
chosen as the platform due to its well-established capabilities in decentralized
application (DApp) development.
Ethereum’s blockchain forms the project’s core, ensuring secure, transpar-
ent, and tamper-resistant data handling. By leveraging smart contracts, the
platform enables decentralized execution of operations, diminishing the reliance
on a central authority and enhancing overall transparency.
The choice of Ethereum aligns with the project’s goal of fostering user con-
trol over data and content. The blockchain’s security features contribute to

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safeguarding user information, while its decentralized nature mitigates risks as-
sociated with centralized platforms.
Smart contract capabilities of Ethereum play a pivotal role in automating
processes such as user authentication and content distribution, streamlining
operations and enhancing the efficiency of the social media platform.
The Ethereum platform brings with it a supportive community and a wealth
of development tools, enhancing the project’s feasibility. This collaborative
ecosystem ensures ongoing support, innovation, and potential integration of
additional features.
The project considers Ethereum’s interoperability potential, allowing for fu-
ture integration with other decentralized applications and blockchain ecosys-
tems. This adaptability ensures scalability and evolution of the social media
platform.

6 Proposed Solution
The proposed solution introduces a groundbreaking approach by harnessing the
power of blockchain technology and smart contracts to tackle the challenges
inherent in centralized social media platforms. This innovative strategy is de-
signed to ensure user data ownership, content immutability, and resistance to
censorship. Users will have unparalleled control over their personal information,
with blockchain’s immutable nature guaranteeing the permanence of content
and eliminating the risks of data tampering. The decentralized governance fa-
cilitated by smart contracts automates predefined rules, promoting transparency
and fairness in managing user interactions. Security measures are significantly
enhanced, leveraging blockchain to minimize vulnerabilities and create a more
resilient system against malicious threats. In response to the growing demand
for individual privacy, the proposed solution fosters a privacy-centric environ-
ment where users have greater autonomy over their data. Immutable audit
trails, user-defined permissions, and the elimination of single points of fail-
ure contribute to a holistic security framework. Ultimately, the combination
of blockchain and smart contracts empowers users, shifting control from cen-
tralized entities to a more democratic and user-driven model. The integration
of these technologies represents a significant step toward a democratic digital
landscape, prioritizing user empowerment, privacy, and security as foundational
principles for the future of social media.

7 Technology Used
7.1 Ethereum
Ethereum serves as the foundational blockchain platform for the DApp. It
provides the decentralized infrastructure where smart contracts are executed,
ensuring security, transparency, and trustlessness.

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7.2 Solidity
Solidity is the programming language used for developing smart contracts on
the Ethereum platform. It enables developers to define the logic and functional-
ity of decentralized applications, ensuring seamless execution on the Ethereum
blockchain.

7.3 Pinata Cloud

Pinata Cloud likely plays a role in decentralized file storage. In Ethereum DApp
development, Pinata Cloud can be used to store and retrieve decentralized file
assets, such as images or other media associated with the DApp.

7.4 Next JS
Next.js is a React framework used for building the frontend of the DApp. It
enhances the development of dynamic and responsive user interfaces, ensuring
a seamless user experience when interacting with the decentralized application.

7.5 Hardhat
Hardhat is a development environment for Ethereum that facilitates the compi-
lation, testing, and deployment of smart contracts. It streamlines the develop-
ment process, ensuring the solidity code is efficiently converted into executable
smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain.

7.6 MetaMask
MetaMask is a browser extension wallet that enables users to interact with
Ethereum-based DApps. It acts as a bridge, allowing users to securely manage
their Ethereum accounts, sign transactions, and interact seamlessly with the
DApp through their web browser.

7.7 Sanity
Sanity is likely used for content management on the DApp. In Ethereum DApp
development, Sanity could be employed to manage and display dynamic content,
such as user profiles or other data relevant to the decentralized application.

8 Expected Output
The expected output of the Ethereum-based DApp includes a fully functional
decentralized platform with user-friendly interfaces developed using Next.js.
Users should be able to seamlessly interact with smart contracts written in
Solidity, leveraging the decentralized infrastructure provided by the Ethereum

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blockchain. MetaMask integration ensures secure user authentication and trans-
action signing. The DApp’s dynamic content, potentially managed by Sanity,
is expected to provide a rich and engaging user experience. Pinata Cloud con-
tributes to decentralized file storage, ensuring efficient handling of media as-
sets. The output aims for a secure, transparent, and decentralized environment
where users have control over their data. Successful compilation and deploy-
ment through Hardhat ensure the DApp is ready for real-world usage. Overall,
the expected output is a fully operational Ethereum DApp that aligns with
the project’s goals of security, user empowerment, and a seamless decentralized
experience.

9 Conclusion And Future Work

In this work block chain based decentralized twitter application has been im-
plemented which provides more integrity and security compared to the tradi-
tional application. The proposed frame work eliminates the need for centralized
repository. This approach decentralizes the Twitter framework and removes the
project dependence upon centralized computing resources for storing, process-
ing and uptime. This block chain based decentralized technology can also be
implemented to other social media applications like Facebook, Whatsapp and
LinkedIn etc. This, in turn, will help in improving the performance monitoring
of the Internet needed to maintain the quality-of-service required for present
day and future technologies of the Internet.

10 Reference
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2- G. Wood, “Ethereum: A secure decentralised generalised transac-

tion ledger,”.

3- T. Aste, P. Tasca, and T. D. Matteo, “Blockchain technologies:

The foreseeable impact on society and industry,”.

4- S. lnes, J. Ubacht, and M. Janssen, “Blockchain in government:

Benefits and implications of distributed ledger technology for infor-
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5- https://youtu.be/AUzPYEYlFyk?si=V2j5l7K3nX3j3DlE

6-https://github.com/CleverProgrammers/twitter-blockchain-youtube.git
‘