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Grup
Explain the basic principles by which changes in the subcellular localization of signaling proteins can be used as a 1
mechanism to transmit information
In your studies of how a cell responds to stimulation by a specific extra-cellular growth factor, you discover that a 2
downstream protein translocates from the nucleus to the cytoplasm upon stimulation. How is it possible for a
protein localized mostly in the nucleus to respond to signaling changes in the cytosol or plasma membrane?
What are the different mechanisms by which phosphorylation can regulate the nuclear–cytoplasmic localization of 3
a protein?

In what ways can internalization of a membrane-bound receptor affect signaling pathways involving that receptor, 4
and the dynamics of the response?

What does mean desensitization of a receptor? 5


How could the signalling properties of a protein differ depending on its subcellular localization? 6

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