ARTUR YUSUPOVBuild Up Your Chess 3 — Mastery Artur Yusupov S Quality Chess www.qualitychess.co.ukHirst English edition 2009 by Quality Chess UK LLP Copyright © 2009 Artur Yusupov Build up your Chess 3 - Mastery All rights reserved, No part of this publication may be reproduced, scored in a retrieval system or transmitced in any form or by any means, electronic, electrostatic, magnetic tape, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of the publisher, ISBN 978-1-906552-26-8 All sales or enquiries should be directed to Quality Chess UK LL, 20 Balvie Road, Milngavie, Glasgow G62 7TA, United Kingdom e-mail: info@qualitychesshooks.co.rk website: wunw.qualitychessbooks.co.uk Discributed in US and Canada by SCB Distributors, Gardena, California wwwschdistributors.com Distribuced in Rese of the World by Quality Chess UK LLP through Sunrise Handicrafts, Smyczkowa 4/98, 20-844 Lublin, Poland Phow by Harald Fie on pages 19, 33, 55, 147, 191, 225 and 271 Phovw on page 235 courtesy of Caissia Italia Translated ftom German by Ian Adams Edited and typeset by Colin McNab Proofteading by John Shaw Cover Design: Barry Adamson Printed in Estonia by Vallinna Raamatucriikikoja LLCCONTENTS Key to symbols used Preface Introduction Combinations involving promotion Evaluation of the position Pawn endings Rook against bishop Opening repertoire for White with 1.44 ‘The isolated pawn Playing against the isolared pawn Simple tactics “the backward pawn Bishop endings French Defence Training with studies Blockade Drawing combinations Opposite-coloured bishops Opening repertoire for White with 1.d4 (Part 2) The elimination method Hanging pawns Playing against hanging pawns Simple tactics 2 Doubled pawns Opening repertoire for Black against 1.44 The comparison method Rook against knight Final test Appendices Index of composers Index of games Recommended books 20 34 44 56 68 82 94 104 114 124 138 148 160 168 178 192 200 212 226 236 248 260 272 282 292 293 300Key to symbols used <> tHe tH ane. > xourD White to move Black to move White is slightly bercer Black is stighely beter White is better Black is betcer White has a decisive advantage Black has a decisive advantage equality with the initiative with an areack with compensation with counterplay unclear betcer is intending only move zugewang weak point aweak move ablunder agood move an excellent move a move worth considering a move of doubcful value matePreface Ie was a pleasure to have Artur Yusupov working as my second, both personally and professionally. is therefore an honour for me to wrice the preface to the new manual Build Up Your Chess with Artur Yusupov. “This new book was creared by expanding and improving che original onfine lessons from the Chess Tigers University. As an honorary member of the Chess Tigers, it has given me great pleasure to see this logical follow-up take concrete form and meet the owin challenges of being both a valuable textbook and a bedside book. Te-was in 1994 thee I met Artur Yusupov in the semi-finals of dhe Candidates’ cycle in Wijk aan Zee. I managed to come out ahead by 4.5-2.5, but I recognized thar Artur harboused great ial, both in his chess knowledge and extensive macch experience. Artur’s systematic and professional approach to analysing games was the decisive factor in having him as my second in the World Championship Finals in New York 1995 and Lausanne 1998. His mastery of the methods of che Russian chess school was very helpful in the preparation for the matches, as well as during che marches themselves. It was his idea that I should play the Trompovsky in the lase game in Lausanne. I was 3-2 down, but was able w level the masch at 3-3 and thus force a play-off. Tam still very grateful for everything that Artur did for me. ‘Artur’s vast experience as a trainer convinced him that there is a considerable need for better tuition for amateurs. Matching the level to the needs of the student is pethaps not too difficult, but the masterstroke is structuring the information in such a way thar makes it immediately useful for amateurs, Iam naturally enthusiastic about the rich vatiery of material in this series, which can help beginners become top amateuts. ] wish Arcur Yusupov all the best with the publication of the fist book in the series Build Up Your Chess with Armur Yasupov. Making this work available in English means that even more people who are keen to learn can enjoy it to the full. World Champion, Viswanathan AnandIntroduction During my many years of work as a chess trainer, | have noticed thar there are only a few books which are really suitable for most amateur players. Some good books treat individual aspects of the game (middlegame or endgame, tactics or positional play) wichout paying any real heed co the reader's playing level. This brought about the idea of working out a teaching programme aimed specifically at a certain playing strength. Such ceaching programmes, in a brief form and intended as systematic help for trainers, are common only in Russia, where they are very popular. One very well known and much valued example is a publication by Golenischev, which inspired some aspects of my methodology. In 2003 | began a 3-year training programme in my chess academy. Three groups were set up according to playing strength: under Elo 1500, undet Elo 1800 and under Elo 2100. Each annual stage consisted of 24 teaching modules and 24 tests, plus a final test at the end of the course. “This programme was later taken aver, in a different form, by the Chess Tigers University and is still being used there ‘The overwhelmingly positive comments of my students encouraged me to rework this programme in the form of a series of books. In doing so, I was able to make use of many evaluations, corrections and suggestions from my students. While 1 was redeafting, especially the explanations in the solutions, that fecdback from my seudenes was very valuable. This book is the first volume in a series of manuals designed for players who atc building the foundations of eheir chess knowledge. The reader will receive the necessary basic lenowledge in sin areas of the game — cactics, positional play, strategy, the calculation of variations, the ‘opening and the endgame. The reader will benefit from the methodical build-up in this book, even if some of the material is familiar, as it will close any possible gaps in his chess knowledge and thus construct solid foundations for future success. To make the book entertaining and varied, [ have mixed up these differene areas, but you can always see from the header to which arca any particular chapter belongs. ‘At chis point I must emphasize that just working with chis book does not guarantee a rise in your rating, It simply gives you a solid basis for a leap forward in chess ability. You should also play in tournaments, analyse your own games, play through well-annotated games of stronger players and read books on chess (I have included some suggestions at the cnd of this book). [have also becn concerned with another problem arca since I moved to Getmany: the role of trainers in chess education. In Germany there arc unfortunately too few qualified erainers. ‘There is also a widespread opinion chat a talented chess player docs not need a trainer I do not share chac opinion. L believe thac many taleied chess players could develop much further, if they had support at che correct time and if they had not left gaps in their learning. Chess is a complicated sport, which has to be studied for many years. Ic is hard to imagine any other sport without coaches. (Is there a single athletics club ot football club chat does not have a trainer?) This manual is intended for the many club players who unfortunately receive no support in attempting to master our complicated sport. In chis way itis incended as a substitute for a teainer for those that have none (and a support for trainers), but not an equal replacement for a trainer. I further believe chat many chess lovers, who show great commitment co working with young players in chess clubs, will gain with this series of books (as well as with the programme of theChess ‘Tigers University) important methodological support and high quality training material for their chess lessons. The scudents will certainly profit from the supplementary explanations given by trainers and from lively discussions about the themes in the books. How to work with this book First read chrough the lessons. You absolutely must play throngh alll the examples and all the variations on a chessboard. First think about every diagram position (for at least 5 minutes) and try co find the solutions on your own. On average, you will need 1 to 2 hours per lesson. However, there is no time limie: some students may need more time for specific lessons. Iris imporcant to have a good understanding of the subject. ‘The second part of the lesson is a test with 12 positions. The scars near the number of each exercise indicate the level of difficulty and, ae che same time, the maximum number of points which you can earn for the correct solution with all necessary variations (* = | point). Try to solve the positions without moving the picces! If you cannot solve che position straight away, you must try for a second time for approxitnately 10 minutes, ‘Ihis time you may move the pieces. You must look for new ideas. On absolutely no accounc may you get help from a computer! Normally you will also need 1 to 2 hours for cach test. Try to solve all the exercises. Consider each position as though it were appearing in one of your own games and look for the best possible continuation. You de not always have to mate or win quickly. It is sometimes enough to suggest a good move. Especially in dte lessons on the opening, ic is mote imporeant for you to reflect on the position, take a decision and then carefully play through the solutions. This will help you better underscand the ideas of the opening, Mistakes are part of the learning process! It is very important to write down all the mecessary variations. If you do this you will be able to compare your solution with the one given in the book and you can also see how well you have understood the particular subject. If your score is too low, we recommend that you work through the chapcer again. We also cecommend that you play chrough the solutions, including all the variations, on a chessboard. You will find an explanation of the standard chess symbols used in this book on page 4. At this point I should like to express my gratitude co a large number of people who have supported my work in various ways. There is firstly my wife Nadja for the design of the German edition book and her help in working through che solutions, my daughter Karja for many corrections to my German, my chess trainer Mark Dvoretsky, ftom whose waining methods Thave learned so much, the Chess Tigers and Hans-Walter Schmitc for theic consccuctive and productive cooperation, Mike Rosa for correcting some mistakes, Reinhold from Schwerin for his proofreading, and finally to Semen Oxman and Oleg Aizman, who gave valuable advice concerning the design of the book. I would also like to thank Augusto Caruso for his elaboration of Nadja’ design for the English edition and Tan Adams for translating che book. GM Arcur YusupovNe a “_w ixchariging defeasive pieces ‘V Cebting Hid oF a defender ‘7 Promoting wiki Gheck cuarter | Combinations involving promotion We shall now take a look at combinations which involve ‘promotion, They are often a fearure of the endgame, but sometimes you can make use of advanced pawns in the middlegame. The valuc of pawns increases dramatically as they approach the queening square. Frequently a passed pawn can only be stopped aca great cost in matetial. To clear the path for a passed pawn, even pieces may sometimes be sacrificed. Here are a few spectacular examples. Diagram 1-1 Bogaljubow — A.Alckhinc Hastings 1922 30.Bxa8 White's position is already very difficult. But after the text move there is a surprise in store for him. 30.ubxc3t 30...Hxa8 would noc be so strong: 31.4b3 Bad 32.8b1F 3ABxe8 c2t Acypical double artack, on the knight along with a simple promotion on cl. 32.Exf8t Ph7 33.02 cl=Wt 340A Del 35.2h2 Bred Despite the material balance, Black's position is clearly berter. The white pieces are coo passive and uncoordinated. 36.268 2b5 37.Bxb5 Wxb5 38.g4 DSt 39.2xf3 exf3 40.9xf5 Or 40.25 Dgd+. 40... Be2M For the second time, Black exploits the strength of an advanced pawn. 41.45 White is in zugrwang; if 41.0h3 or 41.2h3, then AL. gat 41... gst 42.h5 Bh7 43.e4 Axes 44.Dxe4 Yxed 45.46 cxd6 46.66 gxfb 47.242 We2t 8Combinations involving promotion Diagram 1-2 A pretty finish. Black forces the transition vo a won pawn ending 48.Hxe2 fre2 49.202 exfl-Ht 50.cbxfl &g7 51.Se? t7 52.che3 thes 53.204 dSt 0-1 Diagram 1-3 SATS a eS Minsk 1982, To crack open the white fortress, Black needs a passed pawn. And 75.axb4 Rxb2! 76.Bxb2 a3 77.842 a2 ‘White now has to give up his rook for the dangerous passed pawn, 78.8xa2 Or78.8d1 He2t 79.he1 Wad t+. 78.u8iKa2} 79.203 After 79.61 comes 79...Hed 80.fe2 Hed—+. 79...8b1 Threatening ... WF. 80.82 he7 1f80...Wgl, then 81.Del. 81.Bel Intending to continue with Bg2-e3. 81.,,Wixb4 82.Dg2 Heat 83.hel Belt 84.2 Bert 85.Bel After 85.2f1 there follows 85...d3+, 85,..f5I—+ 1f 83...Wd3, then 86.3c3. 86.gxf5 86.Axh4 loses to 86..8d3 (threatening ...g5) 87.Bg2 (or 87.Le2 Weh3 88.Dxg6 Whit 89.2d2 Wh6t) 87...We3t 88.ke2 fegd 89.bre4 West 86.865 Black also breaks through on the kingside! White resigned, in view of 87.2g4 Diagram 1-4 87...Wagdtt 88.hxg4 h3 with the well-known motif: the knight often performs poorly against a rook’s pawn,BA amae KR ek UAE BN U RUA o@ defgh Tactics 1 A far-advanced pawn may consrol important squates in the opposing camp and can completely disrupe the defence. USSR = Word, Belgrade 1970 L.b3 €5 2.2b2 Acé 3.04 Ale 4.063 e4 $.2d4 2c5 G.Axe6 duc6 7.c3 BFS 8.Hc2 We7 9.22 0-0-0 10.4 Diagram 1-5 10...2g4t LLg3 After 11.0-0 there follows 11...W?h4 12.h3 hS wich, an auack (Euwe). If 1 L.dxg4, then simply 11.,.@h4} (Larsen). And 11,4)c3 Diagram 1-6 would be bad due to 1 1,.fxd2! and then 12..xe3 (Florian). 11...b5! Now 11...Exd2 is not so clear, because of 12.2xd2 ined 13,3 (Spassky). 12.43 Once more 12.4c3 is met by 12,..Bxd2i-+, IF 13,4xd2 (or 13.dxd2 Bxe37), then 13...éine3 14.81 (14.82 24 nets the white quecn after either 15.00F1 15..Be3t of 15.2 €34) 14.2024 (Alexander). Spassky now staris a brilliant attack. His queen and the serong pawns piay the decisive role. Diagram 1-7 12..h4! 13.hxg4 13.2xe4 would be no better: 13...2xg4 L4.hxe4 hyg3 15.Bg1 Bhi! (or 15..Bh2-+ Larsen) 16.Exh1 g2 178g! Wht 18.cbe2 Wagdt 19.21 Wy3t 20.2 (20.ed1 WH 21.Wxed Wxglt 22.2c2 WR) 20...HB} 21.hel Le7-+ (Spassky). 13...hxgs 14.8 g1 14.4xh8 Bxh8 15.gxf5 loses co 15..Hh1t 16.861 eg 10Combinations involving promotion Diagram 1-8 14.. Shit! 15.2xh1 After 15.2f1 there follows 15..Bxglt 16.sixgi Wh4-+ (Korov). 15...g2 16.8A1 Or 16.8g1 Ghat 17.hd1 Bhi 18.43 Wagit 19.sbe2 WR 20.gxf5 Bxe2 21.423 and now 21..Gb4t—+ is the neatest finish, although 21,..8d37 22.Wxd3 exd3t 23.he3 xe} 24.dxe3 d2 25.8d! BhB is also winning, 16...Wh4F 17.841 gxfl- Bt White resigned, in view of 18.2xfl Sxg4f 19.hiel Welf 20.Wdl xd, Combinations can sometimes appear out of an almost clear blue sky: Who would belicve that the dé-pawn in the position im the next diagram would have such a fantastic carcer? L.bSt oS 1.Hac? would not be much becter: 2.bxe6 Dxeb 3.Bb5 Dxd4 4 Exc? Bxc2 5.HxcBe—. ZdxcStt WhxeS 3.cxb6 Hxc3 4.bxa7! “The point of the combination, 4 dixc2 5,8x2 And Black canno: stop the passed pawn. 10 If our pawn is already very far advanced, then we can often bese all the play on the said pawn, Keeskemet 1927 27...dxe3! “The decisive combination, very accurately calculated by Alekhine. 28.Exd7 Exd7 29.Bud7 ‘The main variation was 29.e8t &h7 30.Yxd7 ‘Wed (the point) 31. Buf? (or 31.ds Yads 1 = REeRUAA & HR eruanre phate of a be ae PetKR ew AA BR hn a so CS a Tactics 1 32.Exd5 c2! 33.85 Rd4t-+) 31...c2 32.UxhSt eB 33.BE1 cl=W! 34.Zixcl We3t and Black wins. 29...2.d44 30.0h1 30.xd4 Baddt 31.bf1 WHF 32.e1 Bxbis 30...Wel t+ O-1 To clear the way for the passed pawn, you often have 10 swap off opposing pieces Diagram 1-11 ‘Varna 1962 1..8h341 2.cog1 Ballt-+ 3.We2 3 4.0 Bef ft Intending 5.Wxfl Sxfl 6.dexfl c2. 1 In che strictest sense of the term, this was not a combination, because Black did not have to sacrifice anything, Buc the next example fits 100%. Riga 1978 1... Bx! Black clears the way for his b-pawn, 2ubxe3 Bxd3 3,f8xd3 Balt 3..b2? 4 Bd1 Bal is noc good, on account of SWdBla—, 4.92h2 b2 5,8d8 b1-# Now Black has an advantage in material. What is imporrant here is that che black major picces are ready to take part in the counterattack on the white king. 6.807 Or G2x8t bx 7Hd8F Sg? BEEF bys oMdBt Bh7-+. 6. igi t 7.th93 Wedt ‘And Black will be the first to mace. 1Combinations involving promotion “The new queen can very effectively enter the attack. Look also at the following example. Diagram 1-13 Vienna 1907 Diagram 1-13 a 8 7 1.Be8t &a7 6 If 1.487, then 2.WaSt! b6 3.WeSt ed7 4.We7#. I 2.8 abi! dbs 5 Or 2.,.2xa8 3.We8t a7 4 Wxb7#. 4 3.Wadttt BxaS 4.axb7t Wb6 5.b8=Wt cS 6.MaSt 3 shag 7.Wxat 10 2 1 Now you ate ready for the test. Some of the exercises are difficult and you must invest a considerable amouncof time in this test. Of course, it will be helpful that you know the motif behind the combinations (promotion). And just remember: you only get che maximum number of points for complete solutions.Exercises oe A ® a0 ws Ww ae ee | 2 ane ‘x g one a abedecfgh HE RehUanit)e ya Ree nar wy Exercises PEL 1LIOK ee A 8 ts, 7 }8 eA eo | 6 wae ee abedefgh PER L< kee A 8 7 6 5 4 3h 2 1 abedefg nh abedefghSolutions ‘World Championship, Germany (16) 1934 30.06! (1 poind) 30.2xd5 frse is not so strong: 30...cxd5 and now 31.c6 {1 consolation point) can be met by 31...Ec7 32.<7 sd7. 30...Bdxg7 Tf 30..Bc7, then 31.7 hd7 32.fel (or 32.864 G6 33Bxcde—) 32...xg? 33.Bxe4 Bg8 34 Bachem. 31.@xg7 Bixg7 32.Bxd51! (another 1 point) 32..0cxd§ 33.2084! be7 34.Bf7+— (1 point) 34.246 Black loses the exchange. If 34...Bxf7, then, 35.eaf7 wins, 35g? aeG 36.8g6t be5 37.chg?2 bs 38.25 d4 39.Bxa6 b4 40.23 c3 41.bxc3 brc3 42. Be6t! Lxe6 43.dexe4 10 Ex. 1-2 Alekhine — E.Bogoljubow ‘Worle Championship, Germany (4) 1934 52.Bxe7t!t (1 poine) 52.fixd4t is nor so good: 52...217 53.Rc4t Bd5=. 52.8xe7 53.fh4 ‘Threatening (6+. 53.87 After 53..i8ed7 chere comes 54.8xd8 Exd8 55. Re7t+— 54.hxe7 hxe7 55.8c7t Bd7 56.f641 (1 point) 36...Le8 56..2ed8 loses to 57.47. After 56....e6 comes 57.251+-. 57.261 This is even better than 57.671 xf? 58.2g6 £d5+ {also | point), 57...8d8 58.47 (another 1 poine for che whole variation) 58..kxc7 5968-8 £3 60Mh4 Bd6 61.243 1-0 Madrid 1934 1..2xb20 {1 point} 2.@xb2 c3 3.Exb6! If 3.4d3, then 3...cdt! 4.2xb6 cxd3—+ or ASPFL cxd3 5.thel c2 6.0d2 Be3t-+. {1 point for these side lines} Bac (1 poin) The threat is ...c2. OF course 3...axb6? would be bad, due co 4.3d3-+. 4.Eb4 If 4.2)xc4, then 4...c2—+. 4.051! {another 1 peint) 5.Ba4 $.Bxcd loses to 5...cxb2, After 5.8d1 there follows 5..c2—+. $...axb4 o-1 LBH (1 point) OF course not 1.4.42? 8b3+ 2.4? because of 2.95 3.fagS fagSt 4.tvhS Bh3f. Lugafs 2.gxfSt bd6 After 2,. Excellent ---» Good. ~-~- Pass mark Lf you scored less than 14 points, we recommend that you read the chapter again and repeat the exercises which you gor wrong.Joel Lautier was France's top player for a decade before leaving chess to pursue a business carcerCHAPTER 2 Evaluation of the position Correct evaluation a position is the most importance part of positional play. This is the great difference between a computerand a chess master. The computer has a program with constane values for cach positional element such as: 1) the position of the king 2) material superiority 3) contro! of the centre 4) piece activity 5) pawn structure 6) advantage in space 7) open lines 8) the iniciative ‘Then the computer adds up all these values and gets an evaluation for the position. This list is not a bad one, but if after every single move we check these eight criteria, we will lose by overstepping the time limit. For that reason, the master thinks in a different way. He sccs the important clements in the position and practically ignores che ochers, He sees a thread, a guiding line sunning through he game. The master has no universal checklist: in one specific situation, one factor will be more important than the others; in different positions other motifs will be playing che decisive role. Te improve your positional play, you have to study lots of games by strong players with annotations and analysis. We shall take a look at two games. Ar each diagram, wy to evaluate the position for yourself and 1 find che most important elemems in the position! Stockholm 2003 1.d4 Bf6 2.263 o6 3.¢3 c5 4.2d3 b6 $.0-0 2b7 6.04 he7 7.23 dS? This natural move is a mistake. Black opens the af- £8 diagonal too early. Berter would be 7...cxd4 8exd4 d5 9.cxd5 Oxd5 20Evaluation of the position intending LO.2b5t Re6! 11 Wad Wd7 and if 12.82, then 12...Aixe3!, 8.cxd5 exd5. 8...0xd5!? would be better. Diagram 2-1 The black king can be attacked! 9.RbSt! bes. The alternatives would be unpleasant too: a) 9..2c6 10.Wad SxbS 11.Wabst Bd? 12.565! Webs 13.Dxb5 QaG 14.8d) 0-0 15.c6 b) 9... Dbd7?? 10.dxc5 SLxcde 10.2e2 Tf 10.b3, then 10...c4 would be possible, intending 11.bxcd a6 with counterplay. 10...Dbd7 10...Bc6!? would be more active, or 10...Da6t with the idea of ®c7-£6. 1L.b3 Diagram 2-2 The main problem with Black's set-up is the position of his king. His h8-rook cannot get into the game, Black can try to link his cooks by preparing nog6, and then ...S0g7, To prevent that, White puts his bishop on b2. Then he will cry co open che game, in order to exploie che superior communication between his pieces. 11...262 12.Gb2 Hc8 13,Bcl h5t? 1f13..04, then M4042, 14,b3 Since Black has nothing particularly dangerous in mind, White further improves his position and cakes control of the g4-square. 14.dxc5 bxc5 15.Bel (15.Dh42) 15...8b6 16.268 Web 17.2d3 g5 would nor be so clear. After 14.2e5 comes 14... xe [5.dxe5 Bgde. 14...ceg8tt Preparing 28-26. Buc 14...h4!? would be somewhat better; or 14...Bh6!? 15,2e5 cxd4 I6.exd4 bSite. 15.Dc5 Now is a favourable moment 0 occupy che centre. 15..cxd4 If 15...AxeS 16.dxe5 He&, then White can choose beeween 17.2xh52 andi7.2f34. Diagram 2-3 16.fxdde 2h HE Re RUA dw Been uUuasea HE Ree UA OPositional play 1 White wants to open the position; he can exert pressute especially on the al-h8 diagonal. And Black how has an isolated pawn, which he will have to defend. After 16.exd4 comes 16,..05!? followed by ...b6. 16.805 17 DEB After 17...2xe5 there follows 18.xe5 d4 19.exd4 (9.8fd1? 7! 20.3 dxc3 21.Bxc3 Bf8 22.80d3 BcG) 19..Wxdd 20.Wxdd Sxdd 21Efdle Se5 22.Bedil Excl (22...Axb2 23.Bxcht Axe 24.8081 Sh? 25.Qe51+) 2AxGt Bxfo 24¥xcl and Black has great problems in the endgame too: he is practically playing wichout his rook, 17...8d6? would be bad, due wo: 18.2xi7! &xfé 194)xd8 Bxe3 20.4xb7 Bxc] 21.Fxcl d4 22.Bade— 18.263 Deb 19.85 g6 20.843 Buc not 20.2xg6%! on account of 20...g7!. 20..g5 Diagram 2-4 21,8fdlt Actually quite a simple move. White now brings all his pieces into the game. Black is playing without the h8-rook. Thar will attract further punishment whenever White opens the position even more. 21... Dxf3t 21.. We? loses to 22.5. ‘The main alternative is 21...2d6 22.8xd5! @ixd5! (22..Bxd5 23.AxdS Exel 24. Bxel Bxe5 25.hxe5 Dyxd5 26. xd5te—; 22_.Bxc3 23.axf7t+-) 23.0xd5 Bxcl 24.Bxcl BxcS (24..Axh3t 25.GFIt Dxi2 26.dixf2+-) 25.dxe$ DP (25...Axh3t 26.0fi—} 26.gxf3 West 27.293 Wed5!? (27..h4 28.84) 28.Wd5 Bxd5 29.Se5 (6 30.kxf6 and White has a decisive material and positional advantage. 22,Dyxf3 We7Ht After 22..8h7 comes 23.Ag3t. 22...87 would be no better; 23.Oxd5 Bxd5 24.Wad5 Sxd$ 25.Bxd54—. Diagram 2-5 23.b4t The position is ripe for an attack. 23..fixb4 24.Axd5 Axd5 25.Hxc8t Axc8 26. Bd5 Bh7 27. Md8t Bes 28-Gxfet fxfs 29.848 White wins a piece. 10 22Evaluacion of the position USSR Ch, Moscow 1988 1.d4 Dl6 2.04 26 3.263 Rbat 4.Abd2 05! 5.03 Bxd2t 6.8xd2 oxdd 6...d6!? would be interesting. 7. Bxd4 dé 8.g3 0-0 9.8g2 Diagram 2-6 White has a slight advantage. He has che bishop pair in an open position. The light-squared bishop especially will cause Black headaches, The dé-pawn is weak and can be attacked. 9...06 10.b41? Bes 11.8d2 Intending, after Hdl and (b3, to home in on the weakness on d6, 11...Ba7! A very inveresting regrouping, Wich this, Smyslov is trying to develop his queenside. 12.0-0 Hee RU ara e Diagram 2-7 This stereotyped move does not prevent the ‘opponent continuing his development. White would be better exploiting the activiry of his pieces at once. 12.c5! would be better and if 12...e5! (on 12...a5 comes 13.Qb5!), chen 13.%c2! (after 13.4b3 there follows 13...B€6) 13...a5 14.2c3 @c6 15,0-0-O8+, It would not be soclear after 15x06 be 16.Sixe5 Bd7 17.cxd6 @ad6 and if mow 18.0-0-0, chen 18...Be4 19.84 @xe5 20.Yxe5 He8 with counterplay. 12,..b6 13.Bfd1 Be? After 13...8b7? comes 14.e4s. 14.b3 &b7 15.2xb7 Hete too, 15,e4!2£ would not be bad, to retain more pieces on the board 15...2xb7 16.24 cB! Bringing the weak c6-square under control, Yh, a oom i "yg GE Dre RW awo NX DE ue 17.5 hs White fights for the initiative, He tries to provoke aval 8 weaknesses, If 17.04, then 17...2d7 and 18...2\c5. Ye Qe ee V7 ubxa5 18.8xa5 e517 19.82 Deb 20.8ad Se ME LY Bur not 20.2xa62? because of 20...2\xb4 21.4xb4 BRATZ Uf AN Coy I xb4. However 20.243 would be bettes to protect the b3-pawn, Ce Woy Diagram 2-8 BN whoa e@ SS NS WY = pete AC 20,051 23BN Vw DA w® Positional play 1 ‘Smyslov wants to swap off his weak a6-pawn. 21.2xa$ Bxb3 22.2b4t DAG?! Diagram 2-9 Black tries to solve all his problems (the weakness of d6} by tactical means, bur he has overlooked a counter-blow. 22...2\xb4 would be better: 23.Exb4 Bxb4 24,Wixb4 £525. Dest 23.8xd6 Ded 24.WelT Bd8 25.c5 Dc3 26.Hal! This is how White saves the exchange and stays a pawn up. Such an unaesthetic move is easily overlooked! 26... Bxa4 27.@xb32 Web 28.Bb1 h5!? Diagram 2-10 29.03! By bringing the central d4-square under his control, White prepares 30.%a5. White would like either co swap off his passive knight or redeploy it to a bewer position. 29,,.a8! 30.h4 Ba7?! Thad expected 30.652 aiming for counterplay with gS. After 31.Bal g5 32.04 Wg6 33.hxg5 Bxgs 34,8d2!4— however, White would be able to ward off this last attack. 31.8 But not the immediate 31.d2 due to 31.23. ‘White has to prepare his regrouping. 31.065 32,22 ‘The black knight on a4 is now offside, and the atcempt co bring it into the game does not work. 32.883, Black should petheps play according to the motto ‘all or nothing’ and try 32,..g5, even ifatter 33.04 Wed 34.Deil geht 35.xe5 it might well be ‘nothing’. 33.8b3 We2 34.24 £6 Diagram 2-11 Black has weakened his castled position. The queen and the a4-knight are very far away ftom his king. Whice cakes the opportunity for a rapid attack. The safety of the king position has the highest priority! 35.81 With che threats 36.Axfot and 36.8b8t. 35...Hc4 36.8b8t 36.Axf6t gxté 37.BhSt! thg7 38.8h7t would also be good. 24Evaluation of the position oe E7 1f 36..2xb8, then: 37.B8xb8+ Gh7 38.Wxa? Wet 39.218 Wed 40.c61— 37.Dgstt a) In the following test there are various positional decisions to be taken. Some moves can be made without a lot of calculation, others need to be accompanied by variations. Even if you dan't see a clear solution, just try co imagine that it is a position in one of your own games and that you simply have to make a move! Afterwards you can compare your decision with the solution from the book. By doing this you will find it easier to remember the important ideas in the position! 25Exercises DER 24K ke Aa ER eR UAE abedefgh Ex. 2-2¢ tot a z 7 z Ha NReRUDgrawoy HE RoR Uan OYExercises * > Ex. 2-10< oe aobedefgh Ke > Ex. 2-11 abedefagh ak > Ex. 2-12¢ abedefgh Ex. 2-7¢ 1k DEx. 2-84 abedefegh ak Ex. 2-9-4 abedef?fguh abedefghSolutions Essen 2002 17.47? In open positions the activity of che pieces plays a major role. 17...Qd5? would not be good, in view of 18.83, and White can attack om the kingside, 17..8d5 (2 points) would be somewhat better: 18.Wh3 Ded 19.87 (or 19.44 ads 20.Bed1) 19...Hfe8 20.86 and White has the iniciative. ‘The strongest continuation is 17...p4. (2 points) You get 2 additional points if you saw the tactical justification for it in the variation 18.8h3 FSF 19.ext6? Bags, Pethaps White should try a combination: 18.fch7+ Gxh7 19.Wh3t Dh6 20.8xh6 gxh6 21.8d3t hs 22,.Wc3 Sfds and here 23.Bcd1- probably leads to a sharing of the point. ‘The move played in the gatne is too passive. 18.867 Bur not 18,89h3 on account of 18...65t, 18...2fe8?! The white bishop will now have a strong post on d6 and disrupt Black's defence. ‘Ihe exchange sacrifice 18...¥xe5 would have been better. After 19.83 g6 20.Sxf8 Bxf8 21.Bfd1 White is only slightly herter, 19,8d6 D5 20.fe2 Yxa3? 20..Rc6 (A..8a4) would be a rougher defence, See Ex, 2-8. Yerevan 1982, 16.exf5! @ points} 28 White finds a way to seize the central square ed. If 16.fxg4 (1 point) 16...feg4 17.e3, then 17...h6 18.Be6 Dxe6 19.dre6 Bxe6 20,.dse. Nor would 16fc4 be so strong, due to 16...We7 17.8b3 Bh6; nor 16.8b3, due to 16...We72 (A...£h6). You get 2 poinzs for chese suggestions. 16..gxf5 17 Bags fxg4 18.1591 (1 poing 18..gxf3 19.Bxf3 (Xc4) 19..f65 20,Hez waz A somewhat more precise move would be 20..We7! 21-Eafl Sg6s. 21.Bafl g6 Bur nor 21...£¢g42? because of 22.Hei+—. 22.Agest Incending 2g5 followed by 26. 22..8xf3 23.Uixt3 hs?! See Ex, 2-9. 23.28? would lose to 24.8xf8tl. Instead Black could protect the f6-squate 82, And che more active move 23...€b5 is also worth considering, Ex. 2-3 usupov —M.Mulyar Philadelphia 2002 28...cbh8? You should not give up matetial so easily. Nor would 28...8e8? be good: 29.fxe6 BxeG 30.Wxcht WET 31. Mat? sexf7 32. Hel xb? 33.Bc7Hs. Black could save the pawn! The correct move is 28... BEF! 2 points} 29.Hxe6 dixb2 30.Ed1 Bb8!= L.B,Hansen — Z.Ribli, Polanica Zdro} 1993. 29.Bxe6 We5 30Bdi! Hf 31.Re2 Whs 32.Bed2 Wh4 33.g3 Wh6 34.He? h6 35.He6 WBt See Bx. 2-11Solutions tripunsk: Yusupov Philadelphie 2002 21. Bf6Ht ‘The attack does nor work. White would do better to think about defending his weakness on 22. He could solve the problem by attacking the black a3-pawn at the right moment and exchanging it for his own weakness. For either of the following improvements you get 1 point: a) 2UBxd8t Bd 228c1- and if 22...fxa2, then 23.8xa3 De} 24.82. maintains equality. b) 21.8d2? Bud? 22.Wxd2 (or 22.2xd2 Sixg2 23.xg?2 Dxa2 24.Qb1=) 22..Wd7 23Bixd7 Gud? 24,8c1 Brad 25.8xa3= 21...gxf6 22.exf6 Bad t 23.Gh2 White probably overlooked the black move in the variation 23. Wxd1 Wdg!+. (another 1 point) 23...8d6—+ 23.846 would also be good: 24.5 (24.8h6 Yd8) 24..Bxe5 25.Axe5 Weds 26. Wigdt E18 27 Mg7t bes. 24 fe? If 24.8e5, chen 24,..2xf5 25,Uxt6 Wde 26,Wes Be8 27.Bh6 16+. 24... Wixe7 25,8xd6 After 25.85 there follows 25...2d7 26.Hxd6 Gado 27.Bxdo Sx 28.213 Brads 25..8xd6 26.0g5 6 27.8h5 hxgs 28.Wxgst HES 29.h5 Aug? 30.Lxg2 Acé BLNG Bes oi Ex.2-5 Sear rrian At tad Luhacovice 1969 The black pieces are hanging in the centre! White can only exploit this if he plays energetically. 29 26.4 (2 points} If 26.¢h3, then 26.634 27.g2 Bxb2 28.Bxb2 Addy. 26.fixe4 fed 27.De5 b6= docs not promise much, 26.HF1 (1 point) is somewhat better. After 26,..Bxe6 27.8xf5 (but nor 27.8h3? due to 27... gS 2B8.xf5 Def3t—+) 27..d1} 28.EF1 Bxflt 20.0xf1 Bd6 30.Acs White obtains a slight advantage. 26...0d3 After 26...2xg4? comes 27.8xe4 fied 28.8g2x (or first 28.8xg7), (for this vatiation another 1 point) If 26...b52, then simply 27.gxf54+-. 27 Axg7 Of 27..Saxg7 28.gafS+— 28.83 Dxg? 29.hxg2 Hd24 30.hgi hug? 31 gxfsz Bde 32.8f1 bio 33.05 Best 34.2h1 Egg? 35.2b3 35.0d7t ys 36H gl Exglt 37.chxgt &xf5 38.e7 would not be so good, on account of 38...Be8. 35. gf? 36xf2 Hxf2 37.8xh7 Bua? 38.Bh6t? 38.e7 achieves nothing, due to 38..He2, White has ewo better alternatives: a} 38.2xb7 Daf 39.8674 thre 40.Ad8t Be5 41 Axc6t hed 42.8xa7 Bb2+ b) 38.Ed7 @xf5 39.8177 theS 40.fixb7¢, bur nor 40.e7 Dxe7 41.Bxe7t thd6=, 38...08g5! 39.Bh8 b6 40.808 Oxf 41.Ae4f bf6 42.093 bf 43.843t HA Ostrava 1960 Black is better because he has the bishop pair. All he has to do is activate his dark-squared bishop and over-protect the weak e6-pawn. Black achieves both of these aims with bis next move.Solutions 1.2681 2 points) The following suggestions are not bad, but they are not as good as the game move and only earn you 1 point, 1.e5 2.8h3!= 1.Bxd4 24ixd4 BdB (or 2.05 3.Bb3 5 4uexdS BxfS 5.8d3-) 3.hed the7 4.hd3 15 2.Bx06 Bxc6 3.e3= 1 Bid8 2.8c4 Be7= 2,04 Be7 3.Be2 Eh6 4.Bhel De51 5.Dxe5 Exe5 6.fre6 fxeGF “There is a real weakness in the black position, — che b5-square! In the game there followed a strong redeployment of the queen, which put Black under considerable pressure 19,He2t GB points) 19.Bacl? would be weaker, in view of 19,,.exd4 20.exd4 Dd! 21.Bxd4 (or 21.83 Bxcl 22.2xcl Qd7#) 21..Excl 22.Bxcl WxddF. Neither would 19.dxe5 @xeS 20.442, Bed 21,.3d4 Wed be so strong; nor 19.2b5 exd4. 20.Bxc6 BxcG 21.4xd4 BSF. You get 1 consolation point for these suggestions. 19...exd4 20,Ub5tx Wa? 20...WxbS would be worse after 21 axb54. 2lexd4 21.Baci!? would also be good. 21...S8c7 22.Bacl Bb8 Tf 22..Mfc8, then 23.Hc2 (ABdel+) or 23.8d2 (ASFA). 23.5, 23.Wa6!?+ is simpler. 23,.Wixe52 23..Wa8? would be more stubborn, Ie is hard for Black to defend his weakness on a5 30 in the endgame. 24.BxcS BATA 24....468 would only beastightimprovement: 25.8b53, 25.Bxd5, 25.Hc2ls would alo be very strong, threatening Edcl and @xa5. 25...\b6 26,85 Axa4 27.Bel Here 27.45! would be strong, 27 enh B?! 2728! chance, 28.45! Bd8 29,Bxc7 Bxc7 30.xa5 Dxb2 31 Bxb4+— £46 32.268 2g7 33.D06 Axo Or 33..8d7 34.Dxd8 Bxd8 35.8xd8 Sad 36.2b5 and Black cannot simultaneously fight against the passed pawn and save his b2-knight, 34.2084 deg 35.duc6 Bxc6 36.2h6+ Black resigned. A lesson on positional play delivered by a former champion! 28.8d2 SoS: was the lasc Ex. 2-8 eae aia Essen 2002 Me There are no pieces defending the lack king! Krasenkow brings the reserves into the attack! 21.Bfdl! (2 poines) 21.2al (1 point) would not be so strong, in view of 21...Wb2 22.8xh7+ (if 22.98d2, then 22...Se4l) 22...doxh7 23.Bxe5 Weds, 21...Bac8 22.244 h6 23.2g4 Gh8 24.81 24.84! would be even more powerful, threatening Exh6t. 24...Wh2 25.2b1 Wb5, After 25...Bd7 comes 26.83 FS 27.cxf6 Dxf6 28. We6 Begs 29.854 26. Wfa— 268 26...8d7 clearly loses after 27.8xg7 Exg7 28. WCF hes 29. Wh £5 30.x86 05 31. gor ha 32.67. 27. Be7! Dd3 28.He3 Bfds 29.86! 10Solutions 24. Bg5!s (1 point} White acracks on the kingside, intending co continue with B16. 24.h4!? (1 poine) would be almosc as good: 24,.h5 (after 24.,.E8 there follows 25.Wxf8> Sxf8 26.Exf8t sug? 27.Hg8t h17 28.ahote ~ if you worked out this variation, you get | exua point) 25.26 WI7E ‘On the other hand 24.62 WE 25,Bee4 would not be so good, on account of 25...2xe4 26,@xe4 Uxd5=, 24.08e8 After 24.868? comes 25.¥xf8t! Sxf8 26.Bxt8} she? 27 Hest! S17 28.2d8 or 28.2h6) Ye4 29.h3 Wh5 30.Rd7t+—. (another 1 point for this variation) 25.h4 25.Wed (AShGs) would also be good. 25.4h62 25..n5! would be more prudence: 26,246 2643 Be8t2) 26..Axf6 (26... WEF 27.Bxe& WrES 28.gxf3! HxeB 29.Dedst) 27.Saxf6 Bg8t, 26.h5!? &h7 If 26...dixe4, chen 27.Bxe4 hxgS 28.Dxg5 with a stong attack. Bur not 28.h6 duc co 28..xh6 29.85 Wh7! 30.2ixg5 Wy7t 31.De6 Wh7 32.Dg5t=. 27. fed 27.242! would also be interesting; 27...2c8 28.g4 (followed by g5) or 28,B7. 27...Bc8 28 fixa7"! Here too, 28.g4!? would be good 28...2aB 29.Rb6 Hxa3it 29...a6! is necessary first, and only afier 30.823 Bxadt. See Ex, 2-10, 31 Yerevan 1982 White exploits the open file to penetrate co the 7th rank. 30.8871 (I point) 30..dxf7 31.8xf7 8b3 32.8xb7 Hxbd 33.268 Bxed Or 33.Rg 8H? 34.Fxe8 Fuh 35.Hd84. 34.2xe4 Bh7 After 34.018 35.fixe8 sbg7 comes 36.Bxd6 Bxd6 37.2632. 35.Eme8 Bxed IF 35...Bixb6, then 36.fd8«. 36.281 Bh4? Better is 36...E¢2. 37.Bxd6 Exh5 38.2d7!+— hes Or 38.865 39.464. 39.Lxg7t! xg? 40.d6 BS 41.47 B68 42.d8-4 1 Philadelphia 2602 36.b3! points) Whice is playing agains the knight 36.HcL2 would not be so good, because of 36...d5. For the following suggestions you get 1 point: 36.206 cB 37.3; 36.8dd2"% 36.Hed2. 36..8h7 37. Beds WG 38.092! B17 39.243. (ABP) 39...Bc7 40. Web Wal? Bewer is 40., Yxe6 41 Bxebs. 41.Bd6l (Xg6) 41...Wb1 42.He4 Black resigned,Solutions Ex, 2-12 fanasoy — V.Hort Leipuig 1973 White just needs one move (© be able so blockade the c4-square, which would solve all his problems, So after 39...g42! (1 consolation point) there would follow 40.814 Ye7 AL. Eg2~, 39.0041 F (2 points) 40.Dxch Or 40. xe4 Qc5. 40,..5¢ ‘The knight is an enormous presence on c5. 41.802 42.0d2 Dad 43.Ebb1 eS 44.Bbd1 g4! 45.204 gs 46.h4 Bhg7—+ 47.8hh1 Gh7 48.2d2 Wd8 49.Bdgl 93 $0.2h3 g2 51.e2 Hed 52.5h2 Wes 53.0 Bxed 54.Wd2 Ded $5.8h4 Bf4 56.83 Det 57.e2 Defi $8.82 Bp3 o1 Boe oe BO we ee ek * Maximum number of points is 28 + 25 points and above , 21 points and above- Af you scored less than 15 points, we recommend that you read the chapter again and repeat the exercises which you got wrong. 32Vlastimil Hore is still a strong player at 65. In his career he has faced eight World ChampionsHEN YU RUA! Be Roe Ua Dw CHAPTER 3 Contents ¥ Pawn endirigs ¥ Training in calculating. variations: “ Y Reserve'teinpi Pawn endings Pawn endings are an ideal taining ground for practising the calculation of variations. If you can calculate well, then it is possible vo calculate our every pawn ending right co the end. Conversely, in a pawn ending it is necessary to calculate all the possible variations. Pawn endings ate very simple in their struccure: there are only the kings and the pawns, But they are very concrete in natute, practically every move has to be considered. You cannot simply rely on intuition and play instinctively: you must seck the truth and calculate, calculate and then calculate again. To really improve your powers of calculation, you have to solve a lot of pawn endings and especially studies based on pawn endings. That is the only way to develop the required rourine that will fead to you working out every necessary variation in your own games. Let us now tty the following exercise. You have to analyse the positions in diagrams 3-1 and 3-3. In doing so, you may move the pieces on the hoard. Look fara win for White, and please note down all che important variations, You should take greaz cate, especially with che first moves, to take inte account all sensible ‘options. Invest at least 30 minutes pet position. Only then, compare your notes with the analysis on the next page. (This method was used very successfully by Alexander Kotev on his way to the grandmaster tide.) Podalsk 1977 Labeat “On the queenside thete is the possible motif of die pawn breakthrough (a2-a4, then c4-c5 and then a4- a5). But before playing this, you have first co divert the blick king as far away from the queenside as possible.’ (Dvorersky} Ler us first examine che alternative 1.032. Such “reserve tempi’ are of extreme value in pawn endings and they must be used at the correct moment. Black must now choose the correct square for his king. 34Pawn endings a) 1.067? 2.0065 che? (2...chf8 3.064-) 3.096 PB 400 Diagram 3-2 This is a basic position for this ending with mutual zugawang, 4...00g8 5.c51+— and so on, as in the game: 5...dxc5 6.25 bxa5 7.b6 cxb6 8.d6 EFS 9.d7 de7 10.cexg7 a4 11.hG 3 12.h7 a2 13.d8=¥ 4! dxd8 14 h8=f Ir is clear that if the king were on f8, the breakthrough would na longer work. For that reason Black muse first go to e7. b) Lhe?! 2.cbg5 (che cbf?) 2. cb f8! (the corresponding squares are g5-f8, g6-g8 and 5-7) 3.che6 dhg8 4.24 ROW. Now we renurn to the game. Luthe? If 1.96 2.h6 g5t, chen 3.3! (this is the ideal square for the king) 3...2g6 4.a4 Exh 5.c5! bxcS (or 5...dxc5 6.a5 bxa5 7-b6 cxb6 8.d6+-; if 5.26, then 6.a5 bxa3 7.b6 cxb6 8.c6 bxc6 9.dxc64+—-) 6.25 ch 7.26 bxaé 8.bxa6 c3 9.27 €2. The white king is perfectly positioned and can catch the opposing paged pawn in good time: 10.2d2+—. 2 (Or 2.5865 Ef7 3.a3!4-. See variation ‘2 above. 2.2018 After 2...247 comes 3.25 Be7 4.hg6 Bf8 5.2410 bg8 6.c5!+— and so on, as in the game, 3.hig6 digs 4.031 Naturally not 4.24? because of 4...02/8O=. 4,218 5,24 Dg8 6.c5 dxc5 If 6...€2f8, then 7,25 (or 7.068 bxc6 8.dacé and then 9.254) 7...bxa5 8.b6 cxbG 9.c6! bxcG 10.dae6 Be7 Wnc7 Bd7 12. xg7 a4 13.6 a3 147 2 15.c8-t Sxc8 16.h8-8t +. 7.a5 bxa5 8.b6 cxb6 9.d6 £8 10.d7 te7 11.2xg7 a4 12.h6 23 13.h7 a2 14.d8-¥4! exd8 15,.h8-8t 10 Diagram 3-3 Variation from the game Mugeeman - Makariev 1995 38.b4! 35 eee RAD Hee RAD &Calculating variations 1 “White has two active possibilities: a) the ereation of an outside passed pawn by f2-F4 and g4-35; b) the extension of the field of operations by the move gf-25 Executing either plan immediately docs not do the business.” (Dvorctsky} a) 38.4? Lg? 39.g5 hres 40.fxgs 5 41.dh4 dees 42.294 04 43.064 3 4a.buc3 hugs 45.004 EtG 46.25 Le7= But this variation demonstrates to us why the black pawns must remain on their starting squares a7 and b7. b) 38.g5? hugs 39.hixgs teg7 40.064 fs 41. hed and Black has two drawing lines: bl) 41..f7 42.he5 he7 43.63 bd? 44.016 do 45.64 Gd5 (or 45.05 46.a4 Bd5 47.Le7 05. 48.fxe5 hres 49.80d7 hdd 50.s8e7 shc4 51.exb7 Gb4=) 46.Be7 €5 47. fre5 (47.5 04 48.06 03 49.67 22 50.f8-W e1-Wt=) 47...coxes 48.07 chd4 49.c0c7 b5 50.8b7 b4 51.thxa7 b3 (bur not 51...ced3? 52.b6 Wc2 $3.b3+—) 52.04 Ldd= b2) 41.,.e5 42.4145 2f5 and now either 43.3 24 44.e6 Texi3 45.tbxe5 Hed 46.08d6 dB 47.07 b5=, or 43.b4 b5 44,82c5 a6 45.25 04 46.03 BF 47 sheG th g4! 48,05 B=, “Before White makes a decision about the kingside, he must improve the situation on the other flank as far as possible, and he does so by advancing the pawns.’ (Dvoretsky) Instead of the b-pawn, White could also advance his a-pawn. This plan was suggested by GM Bologan. However, in che variation 38.23” 2g? 39.24 @h7 (39...a5? would be bad, in view of 40.f4 @h7 41.25 hxgs 42.6xg5 €5 43.bh4? che? 44.c493 theo 45.chg4 ed 46.264 €3 47.hxe3 Bugs 48.d4+-) 40.042 Ex. 3-1<¢ oe Vv PEW 34€ RR eK Ae x Ex, 3-2< kk tok a TA, Wh Fe de ada tit Le, abedefghExercises oS - 4 « <5 “| | ~ * v * eo * * - * Vo x 2 oy oon 4 aa = 4 - &§ “sta Awnrontan = A Aeron tTM A ay NWN « * ° 2-8 + ¢ ° ies » abe de Te ob 39Solutions Ex. 3-1 C.Salvioli 1887 Luba! (1 poind 1...a5? 2.3 a6 3.chb4 Ba7 4.dixbS Lb7 5.04 Se? 6.0baG ecb 7.04 See? 8.hia7 Le6 9,hb8 be5 10,L67+— 204 b3t {1 poind) 2...faa5? 3.2b3 WaG 4cexb4 a7 5.865 Gb7 6.a3tt hc7 (6...ha7 7.bc6 ba6 8.a4+-) 7haG BG Bat Gc? 9¥a7 Leb 10.e2b8 BS 1LBb7+— 3.3 3.axb3t Ghb4 followed by 4...b5 leads to a draw. 3..Ba5 4.Pxb3 Lab 5.hb4 ba7t (1 point) 5.8267? 6.Eb5+— 6.2b5 &b7 7.04 Bc7t (1 poiny) Buc nor 7...0a7? due w 8.a5+-, White could also win by 8.266 Ga6 9.¢d6! &b7 10.8d7 a7 11.G¢7 Da6 12.508, 8.ba6 ho6 9.07 hc7- 12alll (2 points) ‘An extra | point, if you saw why the other king moves do not win: a) 1.9862? dé 2.cha2 (2.2b1 d3ls; 2.be1 shc3 3.thd1 d3 4.cxd3 bxd3e) 2...che3 3.0061 (3.8032? doxc2-+) 3...d3 4.cxd3 bxb3=. b) 1.bb1? ded 2.8c1 G4 (the key position of mutual zugzwang) 3.ed1 (3.%b1 d3 4.cxd3 dexb3=) 3...d3=. 03 1...44 2.9862 Be5 3.0hel Bhd 4.chd2+— 2.sobt Pha 40 Qudd 3.8c1 d3 4cxd3 texb3 (4...cexd3 S.tb2+-) S.d2+— 2...fad4 3.chib24— 3.hel teed 4.chd1 44 5.81 Black isin zugrwang. 5.43 6.00d3 Dxb3 6...Stixd3 7.224 7 dd (1 point for this variation) Ex.3-3 [Hasek e 1928 168! But absolutely noc 1.7? h6 2.2246 (2.66 stalemate) 2...hxg5 3.hixgd Bg8=. L.uh6 2.97 bxgS 2..80h7 3.g67- B.hng5 h4 4.g6+— (L point} Gia: a ere te Esbjerg 1980 In che game Black played 1...08a8? and lose after 2.b6 Gb7 3.bxc7 xc? 4.cxd6t. You get 1 point if you also worked aur why the other bad moves lose: a) V.dxc5? 2.b6 c4 (2..cxb6 3.26+) 3.06 exb6 4.46 3 5.47 Le? 6.a7 2 7.d8°8 xd8 8.a8-8t+— b) 1...062? 2.cxd6 exbS 3.47 tbe? 4.a6+— ¢) L.tba7? 2.b6t! exb6 (2...08b7 3.bxc7 Bxc7 4.cxd6t+-) 3.cxd61— d) 1..22c8? 2.a6! (2.b6? exbb=) 2...2b8 (2..adxe5 3.b6+—) 3.b6+— The only correct move is: 12b7t= (1 poine Black now threatens 2...dx¢3. 2abt Nor do the alternatives win: a) 2.cxd6 cxd6=Solutions b) 2.c6t bE 3.06 cxb6= and now 4.06% would even lose (0 4...b5. ©) 2.86 exb6= 24. Ba7t 3.b6+ Bxa6t 3ncxb6? 4.cxd61— 4bxc7 Bb7 5.cxd6 the8= (another i point for this variation) Ex. 3-5 SATs 1981 1.48! (1 poins) 1 extra point if you worked out why the other candidate moves lose: a) 1...cbF6? 2.c0f4 she? 3,095! dado 4.866 Bxd5 5.bxl? decd 6. Pxg6+-. b) 1...f62 2skd¢ By 3.5 Be7 4.6 kd8 5.d6! (5.d6? g5=) 5...g5 6ke6 gxhd T.gxhd PS 8.bxhS d7 9.95 Hd6 10.Gxh5 shxd5 LI gor. 2.46 2.64 fix 2shd4 He? 3PeS (3.theS (Gt-) 3..cbd7 4.46 16 5.2d5 g5- 2uSbeB 3.44 £6 3..bd7? 4. Pe54— 4.02d5 bd7 5.dec5 g5 6hings fags 7.025, M4 1. Lshxf2? xf 2.she2 thes 3.thd2 hdd 4.02 bet 1...ags 1.4 2.txf2 doxfi 3 che2= 1...conts 2.tbxf2 ches 3.che2 hdd 4.chd2 hed 5.e2- L...she4 2.02! cf 3.thxf2 hd3 4.65 <3 5.6 26.172 2,g21 al 2.65? chxfS 3.cxf2 shh 2.the2? Bg3 3.0RF1 4 4.5 3 5.f6 c2+ 2.f1-Wt 3.cbxfl coxfé 4.0bf2! ded 5.dhe2 hdd 6.thd2 dees 7.he2= (point) Ex. 3-7, heat (1 poind 1.h4? 5 2.h5 ef 3.h6 3 4.b7 2 5.h8-BE bbl- 1be5? We! 2.b4 (2.bd5 bd3 3.4 65) 2.05 3.h5 04 4h6 Bb2 5.h7 3 6.hs=H 2 7ed5t Gbi= (1 bonus point for this variation) 1...2b3 If 1.223, then 2.h4! (2.czd5? shd3 3.h4 ¢5=) 2...€5 3.h5! c4 4,h6 stab? (4...2b3 5.h7 3 Gh8=8 ch 7. Males 4..0d2 5.h7 3 6.8 c2 7.Bb2 td1 8.od3—-) 5.h7 Gh8-Bs-, After Lh comes 2chd5 &e3. 3.choxc5 Bhd? 4} 3...00d3 4.shds ed Shes ch 6.265 hg? 7.h4e. 2sbaatt (1 point) Buc noe 2.2845? hecause of 2...ab4! 3.h4 GB.te6 bcd) 3...c5=. 2..chb4 3.hd cSt 4.23! (1 poine} 4.223? would be worse, in view of 4..skb3 5.thd2 chb2 6.c2d3 (GS cd 7.h6 c3t=) 6...080b3 7.5 cht=. 4.5263. 5.h5 4 6.N6 3 74h7 2 8.chd2! thb2 9.h8-Wt+— Ex. 3-8 Nikolaev 1993 In the game there followed 33.ke52? bd6 34.ibe4 c4 35.04 c3 36.243 Wxd5. Black isSolutions winning. Now came 37.95 (if 37.tbxc3, then 37...c5 38.0063 €4 39.03 «3 40.0bd3 shba Al.stxe3 thxad 42.0d4 hxb5—+) 37.05 38.b6 axb6 39.06 hob 40,tbxc3 b5 41.thb4 ef and White resigned, ‘The correct move would be: 33.041 (1 poine) 33..chd6 34.05 4 Or 34...doxd5 35.26! thd6 36.b6+—. 35.26! (1 point) 35.b6? a6l= 35...ce5 36.46 Bxd6 37.b6+— (Guliev, Magerramov) Laker! U1 point) 1.c6? dxc6 22x06 deed 3.8d6 ddd= 1.04? heed 2.che7 hiacS 3.bxd7 dhddt= Lot Lshbd 2shd6 hed 3.04 05 4hxd7+— transpases to the main line. 2d6t 5 2.d4 3.637 4. tied7+— 3.041 hdd 4.dixd7 bcd 5.2e6 dé 5...Bc6 6.dexeS Bd7 7. f6-— 6.E5O+ for 3.c4e-) 3..bed {another 1 point) Ex. 3-10 1952 Lancg5t (1 point) L...@h7? 2.95 dh8 3.cixg6 hgs 4.4 Bhs 5.0667 Gh7 6.45 Bhs 7.f6+— 1..g5? 2.06 hg6 3.5 Db7 4.65 Phe 5.BO 42 23 Libag?? Oxgd= 2...2h6! FG? 3.hxg7 thf 4.g5+— 3.4 Babes gS 4.chf7 Bh7 5.he6 tgs 6.25 bh7- Bugs 465 Gh7 5,207 Begs 6.8 Phe 7.208 Bh7 8.h07 Phor- 9.hg8 g6 10.66 stalemate (1 point for this variation} 3-1l ne cents 1952 1. f2t (1 poiny) 1.g3? ed? 2.2og2 eb Lchgh? hd7 2.0th2 heb 3.00h3 hf6- 1uhd L..ted7 2.dog34— 2st (1 poing. Bur nor 2.023? on account of 2...b3! 3.4 Gagxh3 ed? 4hed he? 5.chg5 of7-) 3..Sed7 4thog3 che6 5.chxh3 hfve, 2th3 Or 2.sid7 3.02h2 eG 4.03 hts 5.coxh4 hp6 6.bg4. 3.g3! But certainly nor 3.g4? ed7 4.@h2 hed 5.sixh3 cef6 6.dehd De 6-. Bund? 4.90h2 the6 5.ch3 bf6 6.bh4t he 7.og4+— (1 poins for this variation) Ex, 3-12 1,.2c31 (1 poind) L.g4? bS 2.95 bd 3.96 b3t 4.2c3 b2 5.27 b1-W 6,g8-Wt wal=