+h 209 Ashwin Eee eeu Gila) >The _advantages q—Aigitat cattrel_System _oler_analig gre —9S_ follow: ae 7 _» Possible te handle data mat accurately ao + Fast. respond _in__+ime. te : a __+_Decision_ making _@pabiltty _ “30d flenibility.- 1S greater iq “digital contre|__system . pea + fasy to _set__contral__logie _ for cept syste. : a + tagyne less = Page a + €asier to Stove data. >| Rale_4 digital o—sioal__pncessrs— napa canticl ys Fig: Discrete Hime, “contro system - Digital Signal processor is _ responsible by enecytirg — the Si contro | algorithm $+ It perlans taskS likes filtering, modula- “Hons ard other mathematicel operations ta _- manipulateCote! action 1S dene in. digital. term. 1 —=The_errer signal i5 _distretizedd _ and fade to tre | —cniputtr by ~ using an AD converter —=Th_tontirley__afp io age discrete _signal_which is applied _to__plant after _using _D/A_tonwrter- = Te sense _mtasute tte _respense_ f, the plant» The _reSpence__iS__ tea __cenpared with desired _besp- oS Thig__ diferent _respanse initiates actin that ___vesylt inthe _actval vespense approaching the _desitedl ~ Sample and held ekt i an analeg device ——} Me spenise-_ $$ ____— —--—4— aM Naryiry analog signal Continuously and = Generally, Qn whacee ptable —clestd loop _‘respente occurs _ vale at a castant evel yg specifi —+ 46200 plant input iG _just the difference i __}__ tine Tested “respase ache tespmse. |= Rn electra = Thee font_ tee di flerent ___signal must _be pro cee by _arater _physial__system Called _2¢.__cempensater__/ . Loc A Controller oc filter - +=, OP-Anig-2 15 4 curput amplifier whch bufler re = te Ed He compeosate is Kron _algeriths | woleaye en the eld tapaciter. : __fet_it's +b _tealizgticn must be _pagrq mod Ma, | —Aigital _cmputer__or _algerithea vst be _intremerited __— i) Tacks mode- Ae Signals yo Ths ensues precise Gentiel and | 4») Neal Hine adj nts >| Sample and held eincwit* __t za = Alle other signals aie _avaleg signal but , only fs L ef £ ’ I 1 i ae 1 seu (held Sanpin Samp {Peli covmacd a t Wein the Switth 1% cleged (iewhen +e Hence, digpal_cantraler _prowss te sequn eg. 1 censected ), He capacitor changes Saael aie ae ta My menos. g—alparithnt provided 4. posuces “a _._+ (ef 4H input signal. That means” the Change an Ae capacite Mew Sequinces f--aumber. : =! tracks the iput vertage This wed { feratia 8 calle eae see tracking — node | | | EL——ii) "Hold mode = theo swith open (ies wikees 4h toput Signal is dis emnected J sth — capacity starts. to a aa ery Slowly throug h__#he—— sbra fae "i . Hence, Ae aatear _vlK _ holds. _canssan. te thi zone” ‘ed period ald tines fhe rat font x SE Bsa —— j ewes ae Fs (ae: ete 2") £2053 | | spe Lz) z Za oan]: 2a Now, 2 [ge get 2°43]: 92 = 4 3 2-3 —,| gate) i) aut) = coat >| Sal” z[eet]: ziete*|] - sfeep let, ate) =e? +o eet 2 ale a =2 4 {z (2) 2-2 a es EF)4 x(z)-2"4! at double pole 2-2-4 aE [ ¥le)- att +(2- iP] + (2B ee — sig (eet ye) ai Ste ee os (ete (eet) Bs eanler)= a wey | Figs Bc diagram .} Prraly _multiplener- Signa f transdwet Also low pas’ He Wig! Frequency signal component MY WW ao (Filter Te sanpiet = | Data_reciiving Syston to He digital empute_ va} = ignal_ave_te vepreexe by 2 single digital con ——tonsrier- ——————e—E levoller ,ilp Signek must be fade €0 He Contain +h. =} Used. te_comért data into syisabie fam pele | _ pga ees Z zl dd treats pit 7 —__4,= hurirg. He comection time te S/H kt seupes He Tis a physical quantity —such_q5 position, dizpla- __|_l4ne_AlO. Grvertey camer T oment, n A ight, ete is | data. an yal_val: analog signal held__it'S vale a ; ae tale ints digital +5 He 9 Pee Pe) oor ong a Signal_cenditioning cht. Strengthen, wa_enpatiie) yf ee 7 ==[De-Muttiplerer [OVA canersov Hie gale poset Hola cee Output _Signal Sar. co man Sh nat ee eG habe = qnipliftaticn, Direarizaticn, Pile fe 7 ving, attenuntion _A-_So_m + __ +} 7 Pee emer Muttipe _= Amplifier amples the output voltage or emvert a SE P oe i eaten sigtal_ tz aliage Srl afters the L Bae a m | | io | — —yeeyler) ull DT at ar or et Brg Distre re Fine Sigal or (cena to es oa igral inthe digital fer-wa_tit Te esi are erin aged [ppunivated —orpiaal +: nal)from Sampled signal, held _ckt _i¢ used. The _“purpese tention ee Diserele in ime ‘ wore DD Signal secaneenvction in digital canton) system: Ld bald operation is to fit the spaces between Sampling 5 | periods, which youghly. véconsewvet’an _#he original aralog ws + - Sel) Resin inpuk signal eae 7 ; iempuise The to type 4 old cet ares 7 carats Pe T sampler }——4 Held c#2 Zero _ order eae = - — : yet) we 7a Bee te ss oe pass mp é : | Centionaus i Hine Los iz ees : ae 2 nee d is waist, Tt o —— Fig lp Fro — rere order peldckt “Zexa_ocia_toll_clt vids the vale ge siget [ aioe tine — signal —yCaa)] at pretent-_campleg fmf f | sampling —inskant vate | instant _upte sre _nent |2) -2¥ Ab simple pale. (22% 0. | ¥f2)-2 3 — 2224204 ¥{z)-2*4 «ad — one oat Pale CHE + ra : EO ap Fer 3* ap [Fired ld eet veld the valve) e_prt-—__— Es : tl* (zee) 2-018 = og (2 +0618) = _ouu9z rw Ge -meey . ea- oral fe + ae ae Z- +100 Shorr, She only) = nte)=0 ‘ d= OMS (use) o-Mue (- o-ste)* alo)=0 4 2 = ae ert {ae = (=0-618)* JT ae STR GET], Given, me ant bi2) = a(n) -aly)20 zx [=z afo)- 2!als) — 2X(2)+ znlo) = x(z) 20 >| 2 ¥(z) —7 -2Xx(z) - x(z) =0 - SS 2) (22=2-9) ¥(z)2Z fe? m7. 5 — >) Ms 2 ee te oe oie Eanes fit]= -z a ¢ ee SE Ss x(z) = 4 2d I azt — re Zz geet (z~ 1618)( 2 + 0613) i Beer x2) = A ae i — | ZT ZHe GIB | geesa __{z-i* (z-e*) a So!" - ytz)-o%! = ze Now. vias Ee ao) E [ete |-2 fete je zp e™ mtu). fe siepte putea. 222s et = fresjts zest ___| Multiple pole at z=Zae4 a erdtx 2: a 5 a sees z = alee) ate) = =& Lasiave Ze! at 227i qf ¥(z)-27"4 = Ze Ee pee a ae fze*ou® ip. ___ eit eee 7 = ss z eT es Te ii)| mfe)= Ko Le Miho"! a es ie 227s ae** F 1° - re ae Xl): a aa a 2 aa + ee vig! 2p egt gt 2b atk " Z roe - ao , tee Ot [i o*e 1 = 4 zfaret - j ta hapa enn : - = ze theo. a ee tele pee 2 fel ae faite f sel2 21 9k double pole z= =! zfatel = ote |! oe CE ae" pa : fone 4 = tia f [a-e*) (vn). 26 ( om Foe figs et eo Be ee ZH ZH (z) = Z Se a ze Tati imerse_2-transfam, fle) = = lett a9 — ee Xtol2 6, x(tpet 21 Goi X(¥42) + ax( ett) + 2 Xe) =0 7 +} tt tf 2¥ (2) - z +37Xlz) +2 ¥(2)=0 ___nt,| (7249742) xiz)= 2 ye 7 ee Z243zt2 ‘a. at (z4) (212) zat~ =} ay i as E iD Sompe aod hola- a | Ary operation 4 be coptralled 2 process. £4 - position ¢ ret mat receives an analog error _sigral _as_'fp, 7 opacuevatt , div? 4. moment, chemical process. etc. igna ven ing frequen ~~ Sampled 4ne_analeg signal ak given sampling —tkequency oo eer srs Pale nani el — vi) [transducer ea ae nas ae ——sperified _period_f sine _lEnmin_oa sampling —feriad:__|__) _deyite__shat_ca ip ic perally re a Se in_an_ ot form) olp signal a another oan Fete device that eowrts 2 pres. Sigrel. temp” signa ~—Hate_vottage ofp_or._ cusrent lp: = it) 8fp_eamerters ah ees sees lore ane a “ine different. types. ~sampliag —opevasions used far Sampling _q- cantinuove time Signal 2: a Fallows - Sai Eee TAH WSR ABY BT EAT TOTO TAT . eit : | Sampiog instants are equally spaced jenk= kT ‘ ; | _suhere. k20,12.3.. aad —— T= anpiiag, peviad.__Reh col pa ale __ may. aa a thea : pe se ees| Here, yle) = alo) enti} +. ene) mle) [or(ee-e)] > 1 2etz pie + (atz-s1P i sees es ao ae An(iet) = te) = ey 4k, 4 a 2. a ee ae — (3-1)? : at i e LU . e » 4 3 5 ee i eee 3 ih = Hex 2 kK i a oe snc ae Ce ae eo is ft ok (ete) ) = Lot (ttle) J ees = sete eee : 8s ey re haa aes eo Ls ake _———|—__y +0 _fy_veo Z ze eae 24. -24 A —=08 Ts i fatuttyt [ gitestls ata ta = ebp} i Sora = aie) eeeMews [ye = ye J = ee = ae z os 1 — Pe: oa 1 t pict >| Goi" acetals ees nlo)=0 _nli)=n-25 n(o]=0+50 n(3)= 0-25 ae satu) = mes for leZy oy €=W,5,6,..0 Se We eau ik+ -la) my) 244 ats) ): ae e fyztuz-22t J ee ee 5 oe Ssinbseigaieses cena ome c= f 2zte U (e-2F(e-7 est a = [zt49z7t3: = | ELD —~. ae, — ee paia 4 (4-2-4) = —bransferm, = i nf): 9k (2k? —2*+ a()E b). x/z)=_ 2254 ' = ea 27 (ea) ~ [ gee S pls So RR NT ent 29e39 Yeti), maese alee E * (2a (et) 4— sel: < + = ae eth Pee fee eee x(z)_ = A i Be pe ul Ke fe ee fae 2-2 zl + ze 21M ule): O-2iu2 __ | Nai ule}? j= 3,u,5, 6, A= Sol” geese f2ztes — ze 222 a ee | Tabirg 2-transfvm iO bth sides, (j= 13679 [ayz) — “Zo ] 40-3629 =zulo)) + o- See ae =736442 40-09 - H0Wwaz* + 0° 2642+ 005652" =O-nsesa set: = inl 26a t 0:86 hae z al we): 026 7-0.0565 72-24 0.022324 013M oe )eo.e94 n(-1} 0-2634 ula) + 2-136 4g £6:36 949 don — Lassa ats) = —{ " eee pe Ng Diving Nur_4 den. _ = 5 | ZP=1 36997 40-3649. a 2 ie. ut) =O, ul-2)=0 zt 4 Oe 340: 2 [es] 1 haed2 +0: 36492 = ae ulz), eS By division ynethed, 5 | 2fule)]sul2e uteyeo } oa bie} omezz* te Fez tt. ef ae ] re 1369924 + rem Sate 13132? - 6022327°3— ops a pl uo) +2 4 (az tul2)27 4 ul3)z34 wae 0 F6ET 5 050827 O19 53z> = 4 +0242 2 — O42"? + Oto4.. = a ~€4P-O) becomes, 2a) - 2204649 - $3679 2x(2)+ 0:3679KL2) = us _0:3639 2 u(z)- 026292 + 02642 u(2) ov (22 = :3629240:699 )x(2) = (03 ov, X(z)= (03634 te seasor a a 2-05 zt 2-08 nen a aps xzest]} — TU (g6-) (2-0-9) (2-0') (24) page s + =—S0 s “ lh Bett se fe 20-¢1} —_____ Ces s)iz2Glz-0-9) (24) za3 — Sg es 3 bee =a " fe-e-0}4 Basa : : = jt fomesomiat) Eze | ated for at “Ea s = 500 Sees mn(o)= a4) = M2) = _ 2 ea ae 4 fal _ p24 appt Fo plies) = 2 2a (K42)+ 4.54 lets) — 0-36 a(le)=ule) LY eos) z-0-9)(20-2) 4 Joust fe ws SaaS. _Z-tyqnsfarm_of__both sides, = 4100 sa “2xt2)— z3mla)- z2-0(1) = 2-alo)- 9-22? xlz)- 2? nla) | Now. E = 2 nu) + 4.5% Czx(z) -2 nto) J — 0-36 x(2) = ula) | wz) = =¢o = 250 + 500 +100 a ot, 2? X[2)— 24222 X(2) + 4-632 X(2)- 0:36 x(z) =U(z) z 3(2-0'5) 2-09 3 (2-0-0) = — £ or, (23-21-2224 1542 ~0:36) X(z)= zy = | x(z)= = 902 = 2602 4 _s00z ee os 3 aaa 3 (2-05) Z-09 3(208) = 1 xe i etait os 2 f Et ~0°9) (2-0-2) (2-4) te * bs fs =, ate SEL’ '2-0'5)(2-0'8) (2 0-0)(2~1) tite = K-60 (a5) ~25p (og) + ea eae EHTEL Pe a 2 os)" = 250(0 ae Bee (o- oy _Fer_inverse_ 2-transkm,— Te ns rnd | . : : - Tete: +6065) — = = 3.294 (2-5-7981) (240-4481) riple pole 22 +0-4#81 ght ‘oye “Mo 16-6405)" F [666 (08, fs) Toa)? Log) ™ coe (2=04981)(2 40-4431) dim 400” = fi pus en | koe _ (os) fog) "*(0.g) 3 Zone ZA0FFS a F { 166-64 = 250 z ae __—_ 05) oa os [nae Fae aa epee] a a = 166. ____ + a gene (eT) (20 FBT) J 22093) : (5) [0:8)™™ (0-9) (05 )(018 )*? (og = = 3-894 | et _=_250 a - Lss6r i d (0:5)*" (0-8) (ag) (0-5)** (0-8)? (0:9) _ = 7B 89Ui = eae n,n See ___ S56 = s _ 100-0 7 = ~ : LBs [= 2-894 —_ (21678 — TE _ LE e048) (229-98) deo eae = 23-294 yf = 4 — a ANS S6i fi fama —-----—— + _ = gaguy = = 2.5027 aap = zt =1:556 os a then, | xfz). = ousopi — = = Z-0' FBI ee- z 2-i)(z-05) ae— 2 cam ge ing pum 4 ato oy a as a —_ 4 oe aUje4 4 ale )2> 23 tulu)z4 - il o)t Us 2 ; et tala) (u) 2"| Simple pole Multiple —pol@_9€ 2820529 eedee. 2. {— ee fe ae pa ee ery ary eth ig cage janes l= 2 fale ap rhe ——- txt) le) — 2 md) = 2 xC2) + 2 ale) = XZ) 20 t — 7 Sm 2) =< 2Mi2) = Mle) =O s a = ao eS =: Me fi eee ae Faas] — ses a “a Sago ze) (eH a zeta 7 = seme 2 (ee J 4a out (2:236)" * -e( (42 }- (48 }"} (2-e") (ea 26 = —| Daan 2 oie eS aT ye at = iy (e eee z eee 3 ee = B—_— = a bot by Eb et be 22th —— 5 Reon | (2-Pr)CePade= (=-9) ee teh oman 2 ile ; otra iaeest “inte pattiol —Prattion. > : + | Spend Xe) zt Die iar nk) [ aia eee |The —inwerse = Spl Sioc Fal _| be deviled by using + Qbole theory gf cmplen __ + ig jnverst__Z- tans. Eee) ____{wanigbe- __ ii = os MRIS By Ads Bie Zz (2) (zeisii)(ed ai) z Ep = Resid Mizz" At pole z=24 of Xl3} fel 2 wy GS — ht + Pesidve ff x@lz™! a4 pod = ars ee a | X(z2"! $0. 4+ Pe oie 2S [Sees po Sei a x wt 44 ple a3 Now Esco ow es + f=[ Se es] | Ce shi) (z-(g-hi)) —4 e We SS a a Terao, ei eeu t — a {i=4= sh) ta +L) a= — = ante #2089 Shady = 1 Q2(a) a > alese) + 4-399 n(ets) + 0-3649lE) = 03679 ule) Poy ule) G_ step ip. — [| atte20 Ul) = 03629 = Taking 2=trqaskvm af _born sides, a zixts)= 22 n(o)- 2alt) +4349 2 X(2) — 1334 culo) | t0:3699 X(z) = 0:36 79 U(z)_______ ov, Di x{2)— 036992. “4132972 X(z) 40-3629 X(z) = a }— 3698 9 reece a Oe + an 2 413997 +0:2699) X(z) > 0.36792 + O-3699> 2-1 nae ___{2=1) (240-361) (z4t-or) eae a Heiss asia tea lee or ae “¥ , x) — etme at rz (zl(zsoseu(ztvo) Now, ae eae nee z Se eae aEg gts = ZrO361 ZO 4 = " o-aeeaa, far asisssiebeaseie’ : - _ eo letesea(eteer7) Rachaelx (errors | 2 - boy [cz 036292 eee | [ (2-1) (2 40-361) (2+4-0r7) one “Bu + wg og2 2 ieee ee zthort _X(2) = pave + O-1Ugz - 0.2822 | 2+0:36! athory a Taking inverse. 2--translrm, = ee > 0'BYG)E 4 O4ug (-0-361)*~ 0:28.9(- Lara)" = 0B $F ONYE(=0 361) *= 01282 (- 1-018) yy bik M(t) = ton (4-nt) Sol”