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SULFURIC ACID
SOLUTIONS
2 INTRODUCTION | Clark Solutions 3
Mist Eliminator
MaxiMesh®.....................6 Liquid Distritor
FiberBed®.....................10 MaxiFlowTM............................12
MaxiFlowTM - Tubos...............13
General
Metallic Towers..............................6
Coated Towers................................7
SAFEHR®.........................................19
Modular Plants...............................20
Engineering Services......................22
6 COATED TOWERS METALLIC TOWERS 7
Clark Solutions coated towers for sulfur acid application Metallic towers are manufactured in highly corrosion
have our special CSFlexTM membrane and our acid resistance alloys, allowing a coatingless tower.
resistant CSWareTM bricks.
Using this technology, metallic towers offer ease in
CSFlexTM unique elasticity and resistance allows towers maintenance, assembly costs and downtime reduction,
with diameters up to 4000 mm to be totally built inside besides corrosion resistance.
our factory and transported/ assembled in field. This
way, it is provided: • Ease of maintenance
• Reduced installation costs
• Reduction of down time
• Downtime decrease;
• Simplification in tower replacement;
• Longer lifespan and combined performance of Applications
CSWareTM and CSFLexTM.
Argamassa
Pintura
CSFlexTM is vulcanized directly over the blasted surface
of the carbon steel vessel and due to its chemical
composition, provides corrosion resistance.
Coated Towers X Metallic Towers
Moreover, CSFlexTM promotes an elastic foundation
for the mortar and acid resistant bricks CSWareTM • Costs + assembly • Lifespan
application.
Metallic towers are delivered in less time and can be Coated towers offer a wide range of corrosion protection
assembled quicker and cheaper. layers, unlike metallic towers.
• Durability;
• Corrosion resistance;
• Thermal resistance.
8 MIST ELIMINATOR | MaxiMesh® MIST ELIMINATOR | MaxiMesh® 9
MIST ELIMINATORS
MaxiMesh®
Models
Efficiency Pressure Drop
• Model 338 • Model 713M
Build in Co-knitted metal of fluoropolymer (PTFE). Build in Co-knitted metal of fiberglass.
Comparison among different Maximesh® models Comparison among different Maximesh® models
regarding to droplets retention in a generic scenario. regarding to pressure drop in a generic scenario.
• Model 655 • Metalic Meshes
Made by a mesh of corrosion resistant alloy by sulfuric Used in the models, can be made in any alloy, either the
acid. conventional A20, or the one with the highest resistance to 100 50
• Turn-down settings (empty); Wheel Diameter (micron) Gas Flow (x1000 Nm /h) 3
FiberBed®
Models
• FiberBed® DualBed
Demister with extended area in 50%, what helps the gas
velocity to drop, leading to a smaller pressure drop with
same efficiency.
• FiberBed® IC
Fiberbed® IC is made to remove liquid particles from 1
FiberBed® BD FiberBed® IC FiberBed® DualBed® to 3 μm and bigger in a less costly option.
Application
Collection Efficiency ( % )
plants.
75
• Materia variety
Variety of plastic and metallic materials.
12 LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR | MaxiFlowTM LIQUID DISTRIBUTOR | MaxiFlowTM - Pipe 13
LIQUID DISTRIBUTORS
MaxiFlowTM MaxiFlowTM - Pipe
Clark Solutions’ MaxiFlowTM liquid distributors are Since it has a high irrigation rate, MaxiFlowTM creates
designed to optimize gas-liquid mass transfer. It an uniformity in liquid distribution, what prevents
consists of several parallel troughs with loads of gas bypass regions, which contributes to a high mass
independent irrigation spots. transfer rate.
The acid distributor MaxiFlowTM - Pipe introduces a Irrigation spots along the pipes uniformly distributed
configuration that provides irrigation density up to 60 makes this device achieve good results in gas
spots/m2. processing capability.
Application
Application
It is mainly used in liquid distribution in packed bed, for Besides generating good distribution, MaxiFlowTM is widely
instance, inside drying and absorption towers in sulfur applied where mist formation is an important feature in As the standard MaxiFlowTM , MaxiFlowTM - Pipe is
acid production. the operation, since direct distribution of the liquid over widely used in drying and absorption towers in sulfur
the packing minimizes drag chances of happening. acid production.
Benefits
• Demisters
CSX alloy is an excellent material option for any pipes
TM Demisters can be manufactured in CSXTM to provide a
and equipment in contact with sulfur acid, even when longer lifespan and long term efficiency.
concentrations are below 98%.
• Towers
Metallic towers in CSXTM spare the need of internal
Material Comparison coating, decreasing their weight and assembly and
maintenance costs.
CSXTM composition creates an alloy with high structural and
corrosion resistance. • Distributors
CSXTM Composition
Distributors in CSXTM.
Cr Ni Si Mn Cu Mo For this reason, even though it costs more than other alloys,
its investment is paid back with maintenance savings and
16.5 - 19.5% 19 - 22% 4.8 - 6% 2% 1.5 - 2.5% 0.3 - 1.5% decreasing in emergency stops.
Vessels and towers made from special alloys are lighter Since it has a smaller roughness, it decreases fouling levels
10
and have thinner corrosion thickness, decreasing costs of over pipe’s wall, minimizing pressure drop and allowing
foundation and assembly. diameter reduction. 5
CERAMIC PACKING
Drying and absorption towers packed beds demands so mass transfer in gas phase can occur. Application
high corrosion and mechanical resistance, once there
is a considerable amount of acid distributed on bed. Clark Solutions owns a portfolio of random and Ceramic packings are used as a drying and absorption
structured ceramic packings to meet all these needs. tower intern, allowing contact between liquid (sulfur
Besides that, it must provide an efficient contact surface acid) and gas phase.
Pressure Drop
MaxiSaddle®
Pressure drop varying packing height compared among
MaxiSaddles® are the most common and widely used
both random packing and structured packing.
ceramic saddles. They provide a highly efficient surface
area and low resistance to gas phase flow, combined
with a special ceramic composition which has unique
mechanical and chemical properties
80
MaxiSaddle® BPC
Height (m)
MaxiCeramic®
ENGINEERING SERVICES
MaxiDome® Clark Solutions offers to their clients the necessary engineering team who analyses all steps needed to
services to fulfill and implement projects. complete a project, providing direct communication
Clark Solutions uses freestanding ceramic domes as Used as a packed bed support in drying and absorption ways with clients, using a modern manufacture
standard to packing support. These domes allow a towers, MaxiDome® promotes good distribution in the Attending development conditions, implementing foundation, doing global acquisitions, and training
lighter building, without bricks arches and with better packed bed if combined with cross-partition rings, engineering solutions and cost efficiency in the shorter operators during the process to make the final product
gas distribution. which creates the interface between MaxiDome® and amount of time possible. Clark Solutions have a strong work efficiently.
packing.
Complete Project
Clark Solutions develop a complete project: feasibility and assembly, coating application, interns assembly,
study, conceptual design, basic engineering, detailed commissioning, startup and operation.
engineering, projects management, towers manufacture
MaxiDur®
Problem Solution
We offer consultation to analyze and solve procedural extensive experience in the sulfuric acid market. We
problems that may happen. also have the support of a team specialized in flow
analysis and distribution that uses Computational Fluid
For this we have a specialized engineering team with Dynamics (CFD).
20 SAFEHR® SAFEHR® 21
Gain up to 20%
Energy Generated - 1000 MTDP Plant of high preassure steam Recovery rate
Rejected heat Rejected heat 100%
7 MW 7 MW
Rejected heat
Low Pressure 90%
Interpass Recovery 5 MW
21 MW 80%
14 MW
High Pressure High Pressure High Pressure
65.0 MW Steam Steam Steam
44 MW 44 MW 53 MW
The inert fluid cools hot sulfuric acid from absorption any leakage of sulfur acid in the exchanger.
tower’s outlet in the first heat exchanger.
Lastly, inert fluid heats water in the second heat exchanger Interpass
Total Generation Planta
Afterwards, warmed inert fluid flows to a liquid-liquid that is sent to the boiler to generate high-pressure steam, and Absorption Heat SAFEHR®
heat Padrão
Recovery Plant
coalescer, which is the equipment responsible to report then it returns in closed cycle to the acid cooler.
22 Modular Plants Modular Plants 23
MODULAR PLANTS
MODULAR PLANTS
Modular plant concept allows commissioning A centrifuge blower controlled by a frequency variator
or decommissioning accordingly to production compresses the gas mass needed to acid production
requirement and to logistics strategy between and dilution/cooling of the catalyst beds.
different facilities. In a definitive shut down scenario,
the plant could be easily transported to another field Conversion Module
or production facility.
Furnace gases feed a four passes converter, totally
Modules are manufactured and tested in the factory,
projected in CFD (computational fluid dynamics), built
reducing typical issues associated with assembly and
in two horizontal oblong vessels.
set up in field.
First bed cooling is made by steam overheating, the
Addition of more modules also allows the increase
other two beds by steam generation/water heating
in production capacity of a facility, bringing costs
(high-energy plants) or air dilution (low-energy plants).
reductions and adjustments in field when compared to
a standard plant.
Air-Drying Module
Sulfur Fusion Module
It consists of an air-drying tower, pipes and tank, built
It consists of fusion tanks, pre-coat and filtrated and in CSXTM, high silicon content austenitic steel special
one (two) sulfur filter(s) designed to process up to 3.5 to sulfuric acid. Acid distributors and high efficiency
tons per hour of solid sulfur. ceramic packings ensures a dew point below -40oC
(-40oF).
Sulfur Burning Module
SO3 Absorption Module -
• A horizontal coated furnace with fixed injection SAFEHR®
nozzles followed by a fire-tube recuperation boiler.
Conversion’s SO3 generated is absorbed in the SAFEHR®
• 8 to 45 bar saturated steam is generated to module. A 304 stainless steel tower, coated with anti-
process consumption or energy generation. acid bricks absorbs SO3 efficiently.
Cleaning Gases Module Hot acid is cooled indirectly in the SAFEHR® system,
generating low-pressure steam up to 10 bar and/
Gas cleaner guarantees that the facility SO2 emissions or heating boiler’s water to the high-pressure steam
are respecting even the more restrictive environment generation system.
regulations, regardless the operation condition or the
acid plant load.
Various chemical options are possible to the cleaning • Ammonia to ammonia sulfate production.
• Soda to sulfites or bisulfites production. Unlike other methods, SAFEHR®:
systems:
• Lime and washing soda to plaster production.
• Many other. • Increases operational reliability; • Increases energy generation;
• Hydrogen peroxide to sulfuric acid production.
OUR FACILITIES
EUA
(Office)
Clark Solutions LLC
411 SE Mizner BLVD #72
Boca Raton FL 33432-6001
COLOMBIA CHINA
(Representative) (Office)
Impolama S.A.S Room B1407-38,
Cra 88 No.6-46 - Cali – Colombia Tian An Chuangxin Technology Plaza,
T: (57-2) 3865130 ext 107 Futian District, Shenzhen
PERU
(Representative)
ABISA
Av. José Gálvez Barrenechea, 190
Lima - Peru
T:0051 (1) 226-6682 BRAZIL
(Plant)
Clark Solutions Brasil
Rua Doná Joaninha, 91
CHILE Embu das Artes - SP
(Plant) CEP 06807-690
Volcan Lascar 801,2H
Pudahuel - Santiago - Chile BRAZIL
(Office)
CHILE Av. Moema, 281
(Representative) São Paulo - SP
E.P.A.S. ING LTDA CEP 04077-020
Rancagua N° 396
Los Andes - Chile
T: +56-034-2 403090
MaxiMesh®, FiberBed®, MaxiDome®, MaxiDur®, All data in this brochure are for general information only invitation to infringe any patent, whether now issued
MaxiFlow®, MaxiSaddle®, MaxiSaddle® and are based on tests carried out under conditions or issued hereafter. All descriptions and specifi cations
BPC, MaxiCeramic®, SAFEHR® are registered which may or may not apply to your requirements. No are subject to change without notice.
trademark of Clark Solutions, or in process. warranties or guarantees are expressed or implied. No
information contained in this brochure constitutes an
Brazil Office
Av. Moema, 281 - Planalto Paulista
São Paulo / SP 04077-020
Embu Plant
91 Dn. Joaninha - Moinho Velho
Embu das Artes / SP 06807-690
Chile Office
Volcan Lascar 801,2H
Pudahuel - Santiago - Chile
USA Office
411 SE Mizner BLVD #72
Boca Raton FL 33432-6001
China Office
Tian An Chuangxin Technology Plaza
Futian District, Shenzhen
Website: www.clarksolutions.com.br
Email: contato@clarksolutions.com.br
Telefone: 55 11 3472-3333