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    22 views30 pages

    N10123027 Clara Anastasya Surentu Lampiran

    Uploaded by

    Clara Anastasya

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Ganong Buku Ajar ma LL [I Natonat brary of Meccine [States tore, ns Physiology, Pulmonary Circulation Cmte * Asha ematon ana Aon tare otc rc ent Introdvction| ekg monaco the ye of nero a sh e-cnycnt a he Ino ven che deo! te per lr ht ‘Sempre ca ehh per a van ren ca cmp bod ae ‘eh aan, od os teh aparece th ows ‘Shemp ae te poy aye ig elera te ag Wile ‘oie nds eee ith nye One aly sed hone hel “Samper vie plnay va he am ick pug od gh hema ‘his oahu ae sd ne a Ps pa of see samy omen are a, ‘Sree TS. 204 Development ene sens 8 Aun sys afer ettintn, Hed all vs eit ome othe *9HMH:Aomen a wr ty whch them pacen Thiel titan Fl esi poner ‘shin at nts oun ad eo the pig hy and Sas vase EE wi roy wr, cy cy seventh fess ming re Hod ol pce an ial seas, [Bowce coder ssa sori elt lo al fo chaos a HER ts SSntemcmseinntyonctaaiestanatyonee tonnes Se ‘heme vii us ecw min xyes ge Sv ereccun lcm sped ant om op ed Trtneshen nmin teecns fet neocon tet =. Spb eect Tremere rere eet wpe rmr cet Forefoot te eee 1 Pig, Pinay Cdn Sate Phyl, ume Croton Sina not Books Physiology, Pulmonary Circulation Boyette LO, Bums B. Palcabon Deals Introduction Pulmonary circulation is the system of transportation that shunts de-oxygenated blood from the bart to the lungs to be re-saturated with oxygen before being dispersed into the systemic circulation. Deoxygenated blood from the lower half of the body’ enters the heart from the inferior vena cava while deoxygenated blood from the upper body is delivered tothe heat via the superior vena cava. Both the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava empty blood into the right atrium, Blood flows through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle then flows, ‘through the pulmonic valve into the pulmonary artery before being delivered tothe lungs. While inthe lungs, blood diverges into the numerous pulmonary capillaries where it releases carbon dioxide and is replenished with oxygen. Once flly saturated with oxygen, the blood is ‘tansported via the pulmonary vein into the left atrium which pumps blood through the mitral valve and ino the left ventricle. With a powerful contraction, the let ventricle expels oxygen rich blood through the aortic valve and into the aorta: This isthe beginning of systemic circulation.(1] Development Around fifteen days ater fertilization, blood cell vessels begin to form outside of the implanted embryo which creates the intial placenta, Ths is vital to maintaining fetal life as it provides a ‘mechanism that delivers oxygen and nutrients tothe developing baby and discards waste products. By day seventeen the fetus is forming red blood cell precursors and initial ‘vasculature. Between three and four weeks after conception, the fetal heart develops al four never ie Forced Expiratory Volume Shatoon Davi Chistogher W. Eset » puto ifrmaton and Astons astute sets 222 Definition/Introduction cow:® Forced expirtory volume (FEV) refer othe volume of sir hat an individual can exhale daring» forced breath in seconds (see Image. Forced Expstory Volume) (1) Its wvalycepesenaton as FEV, fllowed by a sbeenpt that ‘indicates the avaber of seconds of the messrements duration. For nutans, forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV!) ie the maim mount of ai that tho subject can Torily expel ding the ist socond following maxial inhalation [2] Similms, forced expiratory volume in 6 seconds (FEV) isthe volume of forcibly exhaled ar measured bring 6 seconds (3) Issues of Concern sow:® Spirometry i test wed to meaure the abil ofa person to inhale and exhale irrespective to dine Fenced expiratory volume (FEV) i one of the main results of spirometry (J) ‘Age and gender are the major factors tha affect the average values of FEV in ely individuals. eight, weight, and tliat are some ofthe ater sfluncing faces [3] FEV values eater than 80% ofthe predicted average value sre considered to be normal [8] Other factors hat san aot the esl inclide decreased patient eet, poor Inhalation, inability follow directions, and some medical conditions that preven successful spirometry. A weak fort conents wth an overestimation of FEV! (2) Clinical Significance cow Forced expiratory volume inthe fitt second (FEVI) canbe useful to categorize the severity of obstructive lune iseases, sock a5 asta and chronic chstracte pulmonary dstase (COPD), Expressing FEVI asa percentage ofthe prodited vale ina patent ie mcane by which to enpren ths seve S]191L0) er we rr eee re ES ee ee ee eee ea cocchodilatr, uch axon anticholinergic agent or a shot acting bet? agonist. Aine Fear Sie sa, i Soper ee et een en Seren ees Te ES ee ee eee eee ee Le tv long dias ee a eee ee eee ea Forced exptatory Volume in 6 seconds (FEV6) has baen proposed as 8 valid alternative for fosed itl capacity (VC) in the dingnore of slow cbrction in dey invidale (1511.1 (1854:2528 66510, Volume 5; No 3(Octaber, 2022) 534510 suena Human Care ‘SIRKULASI PULMONER DAN SIRKULASI BRONKIAL Dinas Ba Fides” Oca Kalra Aran 25 Begin Pulmonol dan Kedokteran Respir FK Universi Anal Padang RSUPDr.M Diam Padang *EnailKaesponieni: Blimsbaurail:om ‘Submitted 02-09-2021, Reviewer: 22-09-2021, Accepted: 03-10-2021 ABSTRACT Pulmonary creation isthe flow of blvd fiom the heart tothe lags then back to the bet Compared 1 the systemte cireuaion,puluonary evealason hus diferent propetes, hs & due 10 gerences tn anawmical, Msolegical, and fusctional diferences beween the ovo credlasons ‘Pulmonary circulation starts from the pulmonary vave in the right venncle ard flows unt fay ferters the pulmonary bood vessels i the wal othe hear’ ft atrium. The pulmonary arteries spy all. ‘the capillaries inthe alveoli walls end form the surface ofthe lungs which is owo-thrds ofthe area of tons cour or about 70 square meters. Pulmonary arteries have thinner wal haa systemic arteries. The crose-sectionel sructures involved m the diftsion of exygen and carbon diaside have a thickness of 1/10, ofthe crass-sectial distance ofthe dfison ia the pergheral issue. Pulmonary blood flow regulation is cared out by lung volume, heterogeneity and vascular resisance. Pulmonary vascular resistance can be accessed passively lke body position, and lung volume or actively through the regulation of ‘pulmonary bled smooth muscle. Keywords: circulation pulmonar, gnemic e-ssizsus5t510; Vue No. (Ocner, 2021534540 una an care saedianioen posterior dan yaaa vasoumn {neti pulmoner, dan erajuan anu tmementhi kebutthan | meal (Gayton AG, 2016; Kavtnrcck, 2017) ‘Sabian plimoner bers dari veninkel kana dan Cepens dalam perukaras gue di alveoli(Wes, 2012)" Pada alveo pura ‘endapatjalinan—kapiler (capillary bet) dengan kapadaton tings yang berg dalam proses cfs! ens (Muray, 2016) mn review yang mengulis — beberspa, ‘Kepisiakaanterkiniterkait —sirkulai pllmoner daa sdculas bronkil pulsondis Sicha pulmoner dnl dae atup pulmonal pada vertnkel kana dan sengalir Hingga athrays asl Kerbal be panbuls darth pars di dinding ara kis Santa asm etal, 2017) ‘Trinkes pulmovalis munca das fnfuncibua Veniket aan mali Jubang dar katup par. Trankws pulmonais semponysl paajeng. aiitr 2” cm don Giamete 5 cm, teenk selunhaya dam pertain seri balay aoa, Trane Dulmenais bxjlan ke ates dan muadur he {lan meacekurg dar lenghuagan 2a ‘mana ia terbagl menjadi dia ater Dulmenais uum yt ares pulmonalis Kenan dank (Kacrareck 2017: Resi ai 2019) ‘Ate pulmenalis memperdarahi slur teaple pada dindingslveol dan merbontle permukian paru yang iusnys din peri Jus lapangan tenis at elitr TOmeter pemogi. Shlculst ini berjalin meng arcabangin bronkus samp Ke Brcniols fespisteris dan sistem int dikeal dengon aaxal antec. (Neuer, 2011)(Smith et al, 219) eae ee toa hops GUYTON AND HALL TWELFTH EDITION ‘Volume dan Kapantas Pans ‘Porokaman Perubshan Volume Parv—Gplrormett! “enn aru dip peas dengu encat vole wes ng man dn kr pr ta mete yang dct Jpn Beat ome doar gt dan pd ‘ar 3.5 Sport eat eh det ny Ste a bk, dan eu ee dubs ets bcan Dd dr erp ert Bra aura us san agen din bak pp ny ena aah nt dog eng Ab ang hermit ci ine al rang yd a ak ro, dan ‘erm pda pulp hers yng bap. Gand 375 dh bh peg ng mennpan pu, maka dar dalam para pds gram dog! mena ‘empat ruume da mpat Lapstes yang merapaa a-ate pe lol Tal devas nd ISSN: 2714-5735 || Home Page: hup./ojs.iih.ae.id’indes php JCEE = JC E Journal of Community Enggagement and Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Ketrampilan Perawat melalui Edukasi Pengukuran Spirometri Ranmaya Nova Handayan” Program Seth Keperawaten Anestesiol Program Sarina Trapon, Universita Harapan Bana, Purwoket, “dow Tengah oni rhmshands0096@ gma cn ABSTRAK ‘Asn adalah sn Kelana Bera proses Komik slran pss yang menyebbkan herbi Bronk teapots angsangan Berdaskan ea sues hava 2) peawat yang ada ch RS Ananda semua blu mesa cara meng ddan meapinerpresusian hs spromett. Unk itu pera dlakukaaeja pelathanspromets. Tuan dan ‘manfaat penguin masyarakst ini alah Tyjun-akokannya Keyitn in aah einghakan ponscatuun dan herapln perl dla hal peguharas dan reson pret Pela keen (hla dengan slotasi waka 3 balan dan perinan samp eaksanasn di Ramah Sait Unmom Ananda tethadap 20 pret Metod pelaanenan lata dengan cerns, cst dan cla ata pre daa pont test Hal pre est 87% memperleh has peagetahuan tentang pengukuran spometndan inert as ‘mash dla kxegrkpengtaan Kurang dan 13% ckop. Hail pos txt 89% pengctahaon balk dan 11% tkap. Kesimplan bala sod eningLatn pengetabuan dan btamlan prawat dln poet ‘Kara Kuncl. Asma. Spromets, Pras, Pengetbuan, Ketramplan Increasing Knowledge and Skills of Nurses through Spirometry Measurement Education ABSTRACT ‘Asthma isa csonderin the form of echrnic airway proces that causes bronchial hyperactivity to varius ‘imal Sproowrs tom of th cominaion watinds ts alas lg ncn nd Segue ong cont ‘an isthe gold sandard for macaring lang capacity unton Based on he pre-sare,ll 20 mreer at Ananda [agp dd ot understand how 0 measure and interpret spirametr resus. For that iis neesiary to do spiromery abn The purpose and Beefs of ts cma servic re: The purpose of ths ac i 9 Increase the hedge ara hls of mrss ie measuring and interpreting spirmery. he Implomentain of ‘he actviy was cured out with a allocation of ? month from licensing 1 implementation atthe Anand General Hospi Jor 20 nurses The implementation meth i carried ot y lecres,dicusions ond ‘imation ax wl as pre and pos tse The resus of the pre tert 87% bane the rests of notedge ‘abou spirometry measurements and interpretation of revere sin he category of tnledge cin ‘and 13% saci. Pos test results 89% good inowledge and 11% enough The cnclsion hat there a ‘nro in th nowledge a sls of ruses in spirometry Keywords: Asta Spiometr, Nurse, Knowledge, Sis n |. PENDAHULUAN “Aras sus: Asma rok al ut enya ons yang ani dengan ‘danypeingatn kepekaon aluran nafs ead bebop enzsnean a ar tmsanya bu, Srbuk sa, wets ding, tuna dan lanl Yane ‘menyehblan penempan slants. Keno in aan meena ges eo ssak maf eng dan bat yang svg srl endl (ba). Hinge ‘ati asa mash merapan saa daa dengan anh jan ebay ‘SOU000) pendula anghe hexatian Suny 250.000 pndlak stp inn Ds Indonesa povlons sma meneapat SM cenpan estima josh pen sh 112 jaa Seratgen sia bran nt a Sora Ya Fingan dink menggagg skits ching dapat ja mena pega dant ‘nengpie akties har sera hi aap peer ‘Spiro aah sla sta mete pemerksan wok mengevaiat uns par din tendapoeis Koni pa an Tes spon. ummays ‘intakan dt roma satan tempt pack dike an anya nema wae ‘eymaslaa Misa: Asma aah ut Kelana Deru proses Mok ssluan sais yang menvehobn Ripeabivas Bron tray berber agsangan Jans dana dengan gua eposouh betlang Drop meng bth. ocak ste Gon san bet t Gea otras ele be wnt Sil eh Fg ‘maya het reverse! ak dengan apn aps penptetan,Pegukran Genes par dengan tpt ena meni ngha hepa pogo ‘slain naps jogs ene mes everian dn vari ahr als. ‘ongulurat sat le, dengan mengalaranibod spesifik pada buh psn enpancarpemercson th le timp et) dermis san ‘dpathan sat psi ertadp slergssergn nem, yang meupaan legen penyste esa Rumah at “Ana” Parwoksr seul dla Ramah Sai Ib an Ak (Rumah Salt Beale) yang dsengewakan eh Seu Yaya Yaak ‘eum “YAVASANSUTART- yng dian brdsarkan Aka Nos Noma: 59 Teanga 20Feran 1989 Purwokero Pada Ava ering Raa Sai “Anande" Puwokerto sdlsh Rusa Sait Khuste (Rumah Saki Tu dat ‘Arak Rumah Sait Bos) Kenan perkebnganSlanjunya sa eptaye ‘Star aval 1985, Rumad Sok Hu dan Ara ii Gitebanghan ejad Raat Sat Umum. Berdnarkan pease ws 20 person yng a i RS Aaa semuanya fem feat car mengukur dan menginesprestsikan has Spiros. Untuk tu pe kana plan spironet. ‘Tojean inkskanya Koptin in adalah meingkakan pengtbaan dan stramplan pera dalam hl peagukran dan meprests pret Soles ermasalhen yang joan alr engatan many naan mah pare AE'RS Amina Parwokero oth Lit ema lent sept eget ‘pions bagaiminn Komp dan aa penguharan den itrpresasnya. Slama ‘in elon pera iskukanpengularan spromety i esen yng mena fsungguanporupesan. Penguburan spre dalthan Xe pelanan keschaan 2 sceewn175 lin. Sehng hain han memperina diagnosis dan peagoatan pus. Adapun Solis pemeslihan yang apatdlskikst tcl heplatn pengabSan ‘nssyarha i alae Peighaan eaten meagenaspomett hak dat onep daar dan plata cra penkran ane dan itepresasiny. dan ‘ocatuan plata talks hepa puta pera yangwerpan ahs ri? vaskediagnoss nasauh Kesehatan tera mash stem mapas 2. METODE PENGABDIAN 2:1, Waktu dan Tempat Pengaian 42 Wakte:Septomber = November 2022 1 Tempat: Rumah Sakit Umum Ananda Purvokerto Metode dan Rancangan Pengabdian Cera, disks tanya jw dan Simul MetodePlasanan Moun perjimn ke deka RS Ana Seta mendapst in dar ia tera, ian soils ora eka Scugan taj, ssn mana dan oupt ang rapa dah prota. Seca sos dapat erin ceh der ilakkan peniikan estan yang dgunkan moda presets dat pengusal dan modal Peat heads Pera petawat eozan Kegan pre dan os est ‘Pengambian Samp: Sem porn dh RS Anands yang ls entan yi) pee 3. HASIE-DAN PEMBAHASAN Seta iakaran keith lana ei pera enltan ‘wenlpathan penton ton kerompn Yang br Menge care ‘Deaaan penulaan spromei Has Pe est apt 87% pers piece! emg Gat 1 ec. Saca dren lathes clon Fn jim 0.0 sng 13.0 fs ot ext an cals pation spent fmemnjean fO% dapat melktkan penguvuan Gan erp has Spiomect dengan bak on 1 kp ‘i eo gral Spree iumakan sit pest. meagelhian [pineeue propa seperti so, ath sta po ei ae Sree ios utah ment perkerasa fee dzonakan dan rc ‘espa penpalit pas par emai alt ink jan pat ‘metas im men daatmenetaanpopana tei Selina [espa yang bis dap meng ‘nd aT eo 0S "hn 22 8 ScCkENIIL-IS Lene namaste a na scnairacénure [BMC Pulmonary Medicine Safety and use of pulmonary function tests: ig a retrospective study from a single center ‘over seven years’ clinical practice Fe." ye Mug ao vg Yume Ma i ath he Jann ny ete vg! on i roth merce som rneemnman ane Etereaheees ce teeeniomae Fetlaioiytmtopa daemons aan Sco = Shem mremevemrte amt Seems ERR iae on sotnon erncma nee eterna reemnneeancceem are Exientmameemenreeee secs, Seu ecienenterprmenca teria anes Seeoeae mae ems Siemens cemee meee SREE En atammneeorneras SE a ae Faaneetsastesueteegme toeratonreen epee ray a es AS ot Coseecnenes ae ey ‘Stat dae Semen f tnd pease ood mee opcal [conan bapa ts iy bene Porsneaf PF upon the gh conto PF por Tl ste eter cei pais ec force pcs gh regenera oper! ‘Spice ad pats ehpeton a wl atch bey oF "econ cee ra the dat of ‘he ed ote pt sv ae be ati Pet rem the cox eco th PF th thet rt pment ‘Weim ope mene erence ve the ae promot aT Fiuing sn spent nth PF rum oo dial age tg pln Ca) sd te eine pat soe yo Caney Sa Ido the PT war aad wate whch Gtacddemopurc iomatoa pase the Senber of FT he tan of pes red Pr couectnenn ofthe he poet SF pimaaey dentin hee ean the Ii pour wre pcr PT band the SST ee te fg eo geod You hve sy duno ing PT 3) What id UW ascamir you hore umg FTF The ae ‘Sete woud be Jocameta Whe pate sera aie ‘ie toe vere per wig the SS $e vial nator it Cap New Yat. NY Gang data were eet by ame ad de ihn se yr he marty i,k ere Toson Tt (yea an ie wee ae ‘re pa pio yr ‘he ames sowed thatthe an seen yrs pablo 8 (ig a nah wn rd the ‘pony done abd “ine of re th me ere {Syn the ae. sue he teeming pan Win te mang nod ot 1 See dt FF So ge ‘Sy ag he te cos ‘ey venten foc eae FAKTOR ~ FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI FUNGSI PARU, PADA MAHASISWA FK UKI MELALUI PEMERIKSAAN ‘SPIROMETRI "Depa Bikim Pe UR! “peyton mei Das PURI {mal npg om “STAN promo mig rem nk ni espn ee i | SSS Jee wget can wer fpr shrapnel ae ‘etypateshan 0 nn copa tempest (Stee np ps lhe sen bea $25 % Und ee aya opt Se hn ‘Somes S57 nan pong dente naan tom peg) ESTO Saat ee ae ante te “ARSTRACT Spey vt ce td gc Ps st ei ec i aay PENDAHULUAN ‘rms eb cnn ea gan Sean Tabane pela ini hws dh em nf sim ran tab an da eh at iota dan tnt yang epi Deenbong Basa dengan als ser pmggban yang li [tment yang ss haph_Pmene imps pcamess et Cine Pr oda tether monpaher ews fobs! ‘hla burn tog eh stro. ‘step Bear danpanya Sep Kchidupn fat nl enya pera rst fos ‘sara ch posta pale unum Ap Sih seul enn dng veoh akan ep ‘nara, Sein merlot can nds yong teal anggn pr bar ie ganggon pr fcrtur perma “menpkidan haya roi Sv dalam Herat 2015735), ‘enti pena bth saturn saps are Ganga prs mera sah su enyedad an dining. da Do apn ai er sana abidian dan alia san bare volume an aan rp sat at LITERATURE REVIEW: PERBEDAAN SATURASI OKSIGEN PADA PRIA DAN WANITA AKTIF SECARA FISIK ‘Tinjauan Kadar Sataraci Okzigen Sebelum Dan Setelah Aksivitar Fcc Fionalita Rata Rahadi, Asnawad’, Fauzan Muttagion’, Huldani?, Muhammad ‘Bakhriansyah* "Program Studi Kedoiteran Program Sarjana, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Lambung_ Manehurt, Basjemesin ersten Biome, Faas Kedokteran, Uriertes Lamang Mangkors, Barjamasin ‘Deparenen Kudilogi dan Kedlaern Vasile, Fahulas Redoer Caivesias Lanbung Manghirt, Banja *Depatenen Famoloi, Fakulas Kecoierea, Uverntas Lanbung Manghuct, Banaras. Email korespoadensi:fcnaltarr@emailcom Abstract: Oxygen sururaion isan indicetr ro derermine the high and low cerobic expacy. Low ‘axigen sanoatin vil act VOD mae than it wil afc tho ceeraace the taining cvength High oxigen Saturation speeds wp the posteworkou recovery process. The alm of wring Wis letture revien E10 Canatze the aferonces 2f axygon tatiation ih plycicaly active mon and women before anc ior (pipsical cctv. Tie wring was done bp lieratare anaee rough a zearch ix mecieal atce's Gabece Google Scholar ae PubMed There we 5 arte: in Indonesian and Englch published tn te ‘ast 10 yeas. Tie ie no significant difronce of exygen saturation in ren and wonton Sore te piyscal acon. After pipsical actvty, 4 artes show a decrease in oxygen sotwaton, bu] ardcle imprest Gm miemumange cee ‘sl peneition teckat HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN Lioranse review sai mengonalion 3 carthel yang menbabas tenting perbadan satursi cksigen pra dex wanta Yang alt? cara fade pada saat sebelum den setlah eraktivtas Fisk Untuk penjabaran detail rmengenai hasl pencarian akan dirangkom (ela tael bent. Perheduan Saturasl Osigen Sebelum [Lathan Fissk Derdaserkan Jenis Kelamin Pada kavelucuhan basil peelition tidak menghaslian pertedaan yang siguilien eave eaturaa slnizen pia doe ‘Wanita yang abst sac Auk sebehee rnelakskan aktvitas Fisk Pada peneltin Sunt dan Dilatcetconoksizea pon vane ‘in? sevara ik paca mata tira debit tinggi, daripada waite, dengan sefish Ce" Penlitia’ Booweema aide ‘ecnjuikan tia aca gerbedaan sara cksigen sebelum beratifitas sk * Tetpi peda peceltin Simaniatak dik deazas Sliin 008%. peneian Mtsell ae dengan sels 1%, dan penelitian Qcodtich easpnes_ netomp-cenms pawpau aspa suelo doa cara: (2) diafagma akan aa oo tron guca memperiebar stay remperkecl wongge dada, dan Q) dengan szecekan don menganakat tlang iga gunz ‘eipericcd ctao memperebar duet ‘aniereposterir rong dada ™ “Ure capst masol ke parw-paru saat epee hte aera eat: Gas imekostl—ekstemal, yang eee ‘emuciantabsann ste ples doe toons: alceolr trun, pada aio parupara ah embecer Tebanaa alveclar trea binge cekiar 1 ca #20. memada suns engiaiil 05 ler vdara ke dalam paru sels ? dete yang dinace diperiokan sat ‘espns tame don somal Kena Geama metoce pertma, yatu dengsn nfs dan eats cafagme seg proses ‘penapasaa sudah hamper sempueaa * B. Pengarah Abtivieas Fistk serhadap Saturssi Olsen Berdasarkan Jeni: Comprehensive Biomedical Sciences Sistem | Respirasi Editor: ‘Ahmad Hamim Sadewa Widya Wasityastut Marcellus Init rai Ttt aman ang tamoBan akan eas ‘Seto Regie! Domost asa Neca Fads Nur ora ons Pasta ke Janay ra, asamoay Wane Desa samput Sram Naser Peon Dian arta Sepa Mates tates ae oan cn aa ‘anaes MAP dan AP Depa Seren gpa Tepfoeto2%) S08? Upmeresuom a8 gmucressougmaeis igh cor 2025, tk Penritan Dig! 62022 Cajon Mada Univesity Press ‘srnyaiom bet apa pun bancetonphotpne mer dn sebopaee @ _9605-616-57419-1-1.0290090pdl- 447 KB Download _X ‘udara akibat percabangan-percabangan bronkus, partikel berukuran 1-5 ym akan terdeposit i sepanjang jalan napas dan hanya partikel berukuran <1 ym. yang dapat mencapai alveolus. Partikel berukuran 0,5~1 jm dapat terdeposit. pada dinding alveolus, sedangkan partikel berukuran <0,5 ym akan keluar lagi bersama udara ekspirasi. 6 Alveolus tampak seperti gerombolan anggur, tidak seperti anggur yang memiliki kulit ‘yang terpisah satu dengan lainnya, alveolus satu dengan yang lain saling Dinding alveolss yaitu &. Selepitlialtipe 1 TTersusun secara kontinu membentuk dinding alveolus. Struktur |histologis yang tipis memungkinkan terjadinya difusi gas. b. Sel epiteliltipe 2 ‘Sel epitelalipe 2 beraa di sela-sla se epitlialtipe 1, umurmnya di

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