Analysis of x 7→ x3 − 3 x − 1

Warning: some values are approximated. Some results may be wrong .

We consider the function defined by f (x) = x3 − 3 x − 1 .

Its domain of definition is R.

It is derivable on R.

Its derivative is f 0 (x) = 3 (x − 1) (x + 1) .

It admits the below limits:

lim f (x) = −∞
x→−∞

lim f (x) = +∞
x→+∞

A table of values is:

x − 153209
100000 ≈ −1.53 −1 3473
− 10000 ≈ −0.347 1 187939
100000 ≈ 1.87
f (x) 0 1 0 −3 0

Its table of variations is:

x −∞ −1 1 +∞
f 0 (x) + 0 − 0 +
f (x) 1 +∞
−∞ % & −3 %

Its table of signs is:

153209 3473 187939

x −∞ − 100000 − 10000 100000 +∞
f (x) − 0 + 0 − 0 +

Its graph is:

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Note: these results have been obtained from an automated program and are not guaranteed to be
exact.

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