WRITING MODULE 235 9. heole and tails, Toward the ond of paragraph 2 the toxt atatea: “In order to reduco the eold of tho joo, penguins often put their weight on their heels and tails.” 10. (A)Paragraph 3 states that penguins have to keep moving to stay warm. Their swimming Is compared to fight. 11, (O)The last sentence in Paragraph 3 describes the penguin’s circulatory system: “Penguins also have ‘an amazing circulatory system, which in extremely cold waters vers blood from the flippers and legs. to the hear. 12. (€)Paragraph 3 describes “porpoising” which penguins do in order to be able to breathe without having to stop swimming. 13. (H)Paragraph 3 describes how feathers keep Antarctic penguins dry: “Tutts of down trap a layer of air within the feathers, preventing the water from penetrating the penguin's skin.” Choice (8), (C), and (F) are incorrect because these are allot examples of how penguins stay coo}. WRITING MODULE Target 1—Writing for a Specific Audience Ahigh school student N ‘An experienced teacher ¥ ‘Anative speaker of English | P -|_A kindly grandmother P ‘A sirict grammarian P ‘A famous author P AA fair grader Y Target 2—Gompleting the Task Practice Time Words Task 1 20 minutes 150 Task 2 40 minutes 250 Target 4—Developing a Thesis Statement Practice Topic 1 Task (B) Support your opinion. You are asked your opinion about the amount and type of contro! that is needed. ‘This answer must be related to the content of television programs. Bers programmes236 ANSWER KEYS FOR THE MODULE ACTIVITIES. ‘Thacie Statemant {A) There are many types of programs" on television, and each person is tree to choose which programs he fr she wants to watch. Topic 2 Task (8) Support your opinion. You are asked for your opinion regarding home computers. You must talk about their advantages and disadvantages for children. You should also discuss whether or not parents should restrict the amount of ime their children spend using the computer. ‘Thesis Statement (6) Computers can contribute a lot to a child's education, but they can be overused. Topic 3 ‘Task (A) Give a description. You are asked to describe the information shown inthe table, reporting on the main features and making comparisons. ‘Thesis Statement (C) Over the past century, the population in the Northwest Region has been shifting from largely rural to mostly suburban and urban. Topic 4 Task (C) Explain a problem, and ask for a Solution. You are asked to write about a problem. The problem Is that you have lost your friend's watch. Then expiain the solution, what you want to do about the loss. Thesis Statement (C) An unfortunate thing happened last night while I was wearing your beautiful gold watch. (C) isthe best choioe because tho writer is elearly leading into explaining a problom. Some students might alco aeloot (8). With (B), the letter could talk about the problem. On the other hand, it might not. For this reason, (C) is the correct answer.WRITING MODULE 237 Target 5—Organizing Your Writing Practice 1 4. Add general ideas. The top circle shows the idea from paragraph 1, the introduction. The bottom three Circles contain the ideas in the body paragraphs. The second body paragraph mentions "Modem technol- ogy." 1. Technology 2. for adults 3. News 5. Add supporting details. These lines show the supporting details for each paragraph. Each line match: es one of the body paragraphs. There are three body paragraphs in this essay, The answer “Tor adults" Is expressed in the lina, “Auilts can alsn use this tachnalngy to avoid seeing programs/pungrammes that they don't want to S96.” The answer “news” is found in the statement: "There are news programs for seri- ‘ous people.” 41. Schedules, different channois 2. Channel blocker for children (for adults) 3. News Practice 2 4. Add general ideas. The top circle expresses the idea trom the thesis statement. Each of the three bot- ‘tom circlas represents a major idea from one of the three body paragraphs. In body paragraph 2, the ‘writer mentions “a new four-lane highway/dual carriage way,” 1) fourand roadiighway/dual cartiage way 5. Add supporting datalls. The years are found at the beginning of each paragraph. 2. 1950 3. 1978 4. 2000WRITING MODULE 230 ‘Some otudonte hate oxereicing. Thoy'd rathor play computer games or talk to their friend, They would never take physical education classes if they had a choice. Physical education classes are so important thet schools must require them. ‘These classes improve students’ health, now and in the future. They burn calories, and this. helps them to maintain a healthy weight. The classes’ regular exercise develops good habits for tho prasont and the future. People who exerciea as children are more likely to continue ‘exercising when they'te adults. This reduces the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and other sorious illnesses. Physical education also improves students’ mental health. it can be difficult to sit in class all day. Students can exercise and then relax after thelr physical actvty. This helps them to feel happier and more comfortable at schocl. The claeses alco include activities that help with stress reduction. Waking, stretching, and yoga aro just a few of the exorcises that reduce stress, ‘The students’ favorite part of physical education classes may be the opportunity to commu- nicate with their classmates. They enjoy talking to their friends while they play games. The Students also laarn how to work in teams. Teamwork Ie an important skill that they will use when playing sports or even at their jobs in the future. ‘We know that some students really don’t like physical education. We also know that there are many advantages to taking physical education classes. There are so many benefits that ‘Schools must require students to take these classes. Topic 2 Task: Explain a problem and ask ora solution. ‘Thesis Statement: My bil fr this month contained an incorrect late paymant charge Concept Map:240 ANSWER KEYS FOR THE MODULE ACTIMITIES Noticed the late Remove the payment charge ‘ohargo. checked — called the fecl remove the corrected my bank concerned tate ‘error records charge within 30 days Dear National Credit Card Company, ‘My bill for this month contained an incorrect late payment charge. | was surprised to read this. My last payment was definitely made on time. To be sure, | checked my records. They show that | wrote and mailed a check to you ftteen days before it was due, Next | called my bank and they checked theit records. They say that your company cashed the check five ays before the payment was due. |1am very concerned about this mistake. Please remove this late charge from my credit card. | would like to have your mistake corrected as soon as possible and within the next 30 days. | always make my payments on time, so soeing this charge upsets me. Please contact me immediately if you have any questions about this letter. want to be sure that my credit record with your company continues to be excatlent. Sincorely, Miche! Dane! Topic 3 Task: Desciibe something. ‘Thesis Statement: Over the past century, the population in the Northwest Region has been shiting from largely rural io mostty suburban ang urban.WRITING MODULE 241 Concept Map: Fl pepaton peer \ cose Mowdio = tind moretn tactical 90%in Have New oad theirland thes workeuburban be auburben many arcaonices areas ‘and.uoan choices Over the past century, the population in the Northwest Region has been shitting from largo- ly rural to mostly suburban and urban. In 1900, the Northwest Region's population was largely rural, Many people worked as farm- ‘ets. They needed to be ciose to their land. So, most people lived and worked at the same place, at their farm in the countryside. By 1950, the rural population dectined. Some people moved to the cities to be closer to them, They wanted to find work. More job opportunities wore available outside of the rural regions,242 ANSWER KEYS FOR THE MODULE ACTIVES. 'By 2000, moot pocple livod in ouburbon and urban areas. Thoy world inthe city’ techni cal jobs. Even fewer poople worked as farmers. For 2050, its projected thet 90 percent of people will lve in suburban and urban areas. They will have many choices in the city. They will be involved with all of the new goods and serv- ces developed there. Target 6:—Writing a Paragraph Practice 1 1 Topic Sentence: 1.1. Modem technology has given us a too! for controling the TV programs! we see. ‘Supporting Details: 1.2 Most TVs can be programmed to block certain channels. 1.3 Paronts use this technology to protect thoir children from seeing shows that are too violent. 1.4 Adults can also use this technology to avoid sesing programs that they don't want to see. 2 Topic Sentence: 2.1 The best thing about TV is that there is @ variety of programs. Supporting Details: 22 There are news programs for serious people. 23. There are movies and cartoons for people who want to be entertained. 24 The vatiety of TV programs needs to be protected, even if thet means allowing some of them to show Violence. . Topic Sentence: 3.4. Physical education classos teach childron important skils that they nood in it ‘Supporting Details: 82 They teach children how to work together on a team. 3.3. They teach children how to set a goal and work to achieve it, 3.4 They teach children about the importance of taking care of their health, Target 7—Writing the Introduction Practice 1 Topic 1 Task: Make an argument and support an opinion. Thesis Statement: “Learning by doing” is a better way to learn a language. "BasHc programmesWRITING MODULE 249 Concept Map: WordS tor Words toryour Use Make team — Learn Have Have good work ally needs vocabulary corrections casual slang funny memories just tought while conversational moments speaking skits Topic Sentences: 1.1. You lear the most important words, the ones that you most need in order to communicate, 1.2. You immediately practice what you have learned. 1.3. You learn how people really communicate everyday, instead of formal language that may only be used at school. 1.4 You make friends and leam a language at the same ume, Introduction: People often discuss what the best way is to leam languages: ‘learning by doing” or from books and teachers. In “learning by doing,” you learn the most important words that you need. You immedi- ately practice what you hava leamed. You learn how poopie really communicate every day, instead of formal language that may only be used at school. You make triends and leam a language at the same time. “Leamina by doina” is @ better way to leam language. Topic 2 ‘Task: Make an argument and support your positon. ‘Thesis Statement: Because of the tremendous challenges caused by this change, | would vote against mov- ing my capa244 ANSWER KEYS FOR THE MODULE ACTIVITIES Concept May Vote against the move Benefits Problems ‘Vale sosinet the move Move away Moveto People Olid capita’s Daly Too many fromits amore must economy connection problems ‘opposition practical relocate ishut with location history islost Topic Sentences: 2.1 Agovernment may move its capital because of the benefits. 2.2 However, there are also some problems to consider. 23 | were asked to move my capital, ! would definitely vote against it. Introduction: Perhaps you have naver thought about moving your government's capital. Howaver, it has happened wortdwide and for hundreds of years. A government may move its captal because of the benefits. However, there are also some problems to consider. Because of the tremendous challenges caused by this change, ! would vote against moving my capital Target 8—Writing with Variety CuronoLogicaL ORDER Practice 1 1. Before the audience teft the concert hall, the orchestra played the last note. 2. After looking at the menu, you can order your meal ‘While looking at the menu, you can order your meal. 2. After the lights went out, we lit a candle. Before the lights went out, we lit candi, 4. While we were waiting for you in the coflee shop, you were waiting for us at the bookstore. 5. Before they filedfiled up the car with gas/petro, the car ran out of gas/petrol. Practice 2WRITING MODULE 245, Practice 3 {nthe earty 1900s, Winston on Hudson was just a small iown on the Hudson River. Nothing happened in the town until after na start of the Firs! World War when a munitions factory opened. Once the factory anened., river traffic increased bringing raw materials to the factories and taking munitions downstream to the major river port at the mouth of the river. Within ten yaats, cargo boats were followed by passenger boats bringing ‘weekend sightseers. Soon Winston on Hudson became a tourist destination. Taday, the town's munitions fac- {ory has been tumed into erfst studios. In the future, the town hopes to build an ert museum next tothe old factory. Practice 4 ‘Answers will var. Here is one examole: (On December 22, 1982, | was bom. | am my patents’ fist child. | started schoo! when | was six years ol, in 1988. Later, my parents had another baby, my brother. He was born in 1990. 1 was going to school then and ‘enjoyed taking science classes. | won an award in 1985, “Best Scierice Student of the Year.” That inspired ime to study science seriously. In 2003, | decided to eam a chemistry dagree at a university in an English- speaking country. Now I am studying English to prepare for my studies and my future career. Spariat OnpeR Practice 5 1. botwoon 6. wost 2. noxt tofboside 7. south and woot 3. north 8. behindinext to/beside 4, behind 8. besideinext to 5 intront of 10. aroundibeside/next to286 ANSWER KEYS FOR THE MODULE ACTIVITIES. CuassiricaTion PRACTICE 6 Word List ‘Things That Are Not Alive ‘Things That Are Alive table table boy boy [car frog frog [chair butterfly car [pencil teacher chair buttery pencil teacher _ Word List Feople Things doctor doctor hospital nurse ruse building plans contractor contractor hospital plumber building plans Patient plumber architect patient [ architect - _ Negative Values A-anger envy G.humitity D. gluttony H, justice E. greed L kindness ‘laziness K patience L. pride 4k 4.0 Te 10. J 2 8K 8G a) ac BA 9 F 12.8WAITING MODULE 247 ‘Anowore will vary. Hore ie one oxample: People who say, “Tomorrow is another day," have hope. This is a positive virtue. Hope is good because it motivates us. After a bad day, it can be difficult thinking about the next day to come. Sometimes we want everything to stop. People with hope befleve that tomiorraw might be better. So, they continue because they believe in positive change. Sometimes we just need to survive a had day and look ahead to tomorrow. Hope {gives us the strength we need during the difficult times. Deriumion Practice 8 Words Conerete Abstract printer printer success success sidewalk/pavement/eurb loyalty loyalty black freedom sidewall ‘swimming: Tove freedom love black’ swimming Practice 9 Loyalty 10 me is defined as my family and knowing that they will always love me, AA sidewalk is a place to walk along the side of a street. itis usually paved, so the walkway is smooth and hard. Freedom to me is defined as being able to choose what | want to do, such as my type of job. Love to me is dofined as tho strong foolings of caring that | have for my parents, Black is a vory dark color. Sern to move tough re wet by mvng youre end lage yout wah by moving your to and tail. Comparison AND CONTRAST Practice 10 1. CON 3. COMP 5. COMP 7. CON 2 CON 4. CON 6. COMP 8. COMP