DBA Assignment No.

1. List and differentiate predefined user accounts used in oracle?

List and explain predefined Roles used in oracle
2. Explain with example what is system privilege and user
defined privilege
3. What is the default password policy in oracle how default
policy can be modified?
4. Short note on Control File (Content, copies, significant use)
5. Explain with example in what situation DBA has to create New
Control File
6. Explain steps involved to use Newly created Control file for a
database
7. List and explain views associated with Control file
1. Predefined user accounts in Oracle include:
 SYS - Superuser account with unlimited privileges
 SYSTEM - For admin tasks, comes with DBA role
 SYSMAN - For Enterprise Manager monitoring tasks
 DBSNMP - For monitoring through SNMP

Predefined roles:

 DBA - For database administration

 RESOURCE - For limited create/alter privileges on own schemas
 CONNECT - Basic connect privileges
 EXP_FULL_DATABASE - For export/import operations
2. System privileges are automatically granted to user accounts. For
example, the DBA role has unlimited system privileges.

User-defined privileges are explicitly granted by admins to specific

users or roles. For example, grant select on employees to alex;

3. The default password policy in Oracle requires passwords to be at

least 4 characters. To modify:

ALTER PROFILE default LIMIT PASSWORD_LIFE_TIME 60

PASSWORD_GRACE_TIME 10 PASSWORD_REUSE_MAX 5
PASSWORD_VERIFY_FUNCTION verify_function;

4. The control file records database configuration and tracks the

location of datafiles and redo log files. It is critical for database
recovery.
 Multiple identical copies of the control file are maintained for
redundancy. At least 2 copies stored on separate disks are
recommended.

5. Reasons to create a new control file include:

 Loss of the original control file
 Adding or dropping datafiles/redo logs
 Upgrading to a new database version
 Recovering from a catastrophic failure

To create: CREATE CONTROLFILE SET DATABASE sample LOGFILE

GROUP 1 ('logfile1.ora') SIZE 50K, GROUP 2 ('logfile2.ora') SIZE 50K
DATAFILE 'datafile.ora' SIZE 10M MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 2 MAXDATAFILES 10 MAXINSTANCES 2;

6. Steps to use a newly created control file: a) Shut down the database
b) Replace old control file with new one c) Start an instance using
STARTUP command d) Open the database normally
7. Views for control file info: V$CONTROLFILE - Status of database
control files V$DATABASE - Config settings stored in control file