Astable Multivibrator using IC 555 timer ( Square Wave Generator) with Proteus

Simulation
It’s a very easy task to generate a square wave. There are many methods to generate a square
wave, amongst them using 555 is a method. Astable multivibrator is a very easy and very
widely used method. In this thread you will learn to generate a square wave in proteus
simulation using which you can apply in your circuit.
Basically it is an Astable multivbrator which means a free running multivibrator it does not
have any stable state.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

1] 555 timer

2] 10k resistors

3] 10uf capacitor

4]1.1M ohm resistor

5]0.33uf capacitor

START CONNECTIONS AS PER THE CIRCUIT GIVEN BELOW

U1= 10V [It is the supply voltage provided to 555]

After connecting the circuit start the simulation.
You will see the oscilloscope showing you the square wave.

Operation of Astable Multivibrator:

The frequency is independent of supply voltage because the output voltage swings between
1/3vcc and 2/3vcc. The pin no. 2 is connected to the -ve of lower comparator and pin no.6 is
connected to the +ve of upper comparator. The negative pin of the upper comparator is
connected to 2/3vcc and the positive pin of the lower comparator is connected to the 1/3vcc.
Both 2/3vcc and 1/3vcc is internally generated because of three 5k resistors and hence the
name 555.

In Astable mode the 2nd and 6th pin are shorted. Also both the pins are connected to the vcc
through resistor. Therefore the comparator compares the vcc and the internally generated
voltages and sets/resets the internally flipflop hence the output switches from high and low
and we get a square wave

The charge time (output high) is given by:

t1 = 0.693 (R2 + R3)C1

Discharge time (output low) by: t2 = 0.693 (R3)C1

Total period is: T = t1 + t2 = 0.693 (R2 +2R3)C1

o/p freq = 1.44/(R2+2R3)C1

OUTPUT WINDOW
for the above circuit the calculated frequency is around 160khz and that what the output
shows.

you can change the duty cycle by changing the capacitors or resistors.