Professional Documents
Culture Documents
CPC and CIVIL MANUAL COMPARISION CHART, High Court (Original and Appellate Side Rules), City Civil Court Act, General Clauses Act
CPC and CIVIL MANUAL COMPARISION CHART, High Court (Original and Appellate Side Rules), City Civil Court Act, General Clauses Act
3 1-4
6 14A
e Duties of Lawyer 7 14
6 Examination of Plaint 7
a Particulars to be contained in Plaint 7 1,2,3
b admitted 4 2
c rejected 96 7 11,12,13
d Return of Plaint 7,43 10,10-A,1-A
e Court may appoint Officer to receive Plaint 4 1
Bar on Jurisdiction
Express
Implied 9
Bar created by Act of Parties 9
Objection as to Jurisdiction 20
f 9A,21
10 Relief
7, 1(g),6A(4)
a Nature and Suit of Relief 8 1,6,6(f)
b Consequential Relief 151
c Alternative 7 7,8
d Inconsistent 7 7,8
e Relief not asked for 20 1,3
Interim 39 1to5
f Interim Relief Application 94,95 39 1,2
g Courts Power to grant relief 33
5 6
11 Appearance of Persons Summoned 16 9
9 2to5,8to14
43 1(d)
47 1
a Effect of Non-Appearance of Parties 8 11-36
13 a Schedule of Property in Plaint 16,17 7 1©,3
6 4
7 1
a Limitation 20 20
4 1
21 Process of Suit 27,29,31 7 9
Issue and Service of Summons to
22 Defendants (related to Order 7 Rule 9) 27 5 9to 30
a Summons to defendants 5 1,2
Method of Service of Summon on
b Defendant 5 1,12,15,20
c Mode of Service of Summons
d Personal or direct service 5 10,17,18
e Refusal of Service of Summons 5 17,19
f Substitute Service of Summons 5 17,20
9(3),9(A),21
g Alternate mode of Service of Summons 5 to 30
3,5,7,8,915,
17,19,20,23,
h Courts power to issue summons 5 30
23 Summons for Other Purpose
5 7
a For Production of Document 16 1,6
b To third Party 8 23
Wriitten Statement
8 1,3,4,5,6,6A
Effect of Written Statement and say on the to 6G,7,17
24 suit 12 1to6,9
a Non filing of Written Statement 8 1
b Counter Written Statement 8 6A
1
object of Written statement can be attained 10 3
c by examination of defendant 6&7,49
d limitation 8 1
e Counter Claim 8 6
6, 2,6,9,10,11,12
,13,14-A,15
25 Pleadings 7 1©,3
Whole case and material facts should be
stated in pleadings evidence by which they
a are to be proved should not be stated 6 G
b Verification of Pleading 26(2) 6 15
c Subsequent Pleading 8 9
It is sufficient to state the effect of
d document 6 9
e Stay on Suit 10
26 Ammendment of Pleadings 6 17
c Notice to admit 12 1 to 8
d Inspection of Document 11 15,17
e Notice to produce 11 14
Mode and Method of Production of
28 Documents
By Plaintiff alongwith Plaint (to refer
a document) 7 14
By Defendant alongwith Written Statement
b (to refer document) 8 1A
Stage for Production of documents and
c entitle produce documents 13 1to11
13 3,4,7
d At any stage of suit 16 6,7,15,21,7A
e Summons for evidence 16 1 to 21
7 14(4)
f During examination of Witness 8 1A(4)
11 13 to 16
13 1 to7
g Power of Court 16 7to 22
h Notice to produce 11 16
7
8 3to5
11 22
b Admission by Pleading 12 1
12 1 to9
10 1 to 4
18 3
c Admission of document or otherwise 13 3 to 5,7
d Effect of admission 10 1
6
9 5,17
11 6(2),7,9,13
12 3,15,18(2)
16 4,9
17 10(3),11,12
19 2
21 3(2)
34(6),38,39,5,
45(2),46(G),5
5,67(2),69(3),
22 72(3)
23 3,8(2),9(2)
24 1(4)
4
2,4(4),5(2),8,9
32 ,11,12(4),13(1
33 ),14(2),3
34 10,11,16
35 4(2),10,13
37 3,6
41 2(3)
45 18,21,35(3)
46 7
b Specific or implied reference to cost 137,153 4
40 Evidence 18 2,3(4),11
Deposition of each witness should be
a recorded on separate sheet
Evidence of Witness shall be recorded in
b language of court
1to6,
8to17
c Recording of Evidence 18 2,3,4,11,16
d Chief Examination 18 4(1)
e Cross Examination 18 4(2)
f Re-examination 18 17
g Language of Evidence 18 6,9
h Question,Answer and Objection 18 11
1to 5and
42 Pronouncement of Judgements 33,152 5-A 20
Every Decree shall bear the date on which
a pronounced 20,49 7,3(5)
Refund of court fees
b Section 43 of Bombay Court Fees Act
m Attachment of Property 21 41 to 54
n Mode of attachment of Property 21 54
o Receive application for execution 47 21 17
p Execution of Cross Decrees 21 18
Execution of cross claims under same
q decree 21 19
50 Settlement 89 10 1-A,1-B,1-C
Court may order any document to be
a impounded 13 8
51 Suit concerning family 32
Mortgage Suits (Transfer of Property Act
52 Section 104
53 Proceedings under Indian Succession Act
22,46-A to 46-
Miscellaneous proceedings requiring 148-A 21, I,58,89,90,91,
59 judicial inquiry 122 4,9,13 97,99
60 Interpleader Suit 88 35,43 1(p)
Supplemental Proceedings
Interlocutory Order as may to appear to
64 court be just and convienient 94
65 Appeal from Original Decree 96 41
96,99- 41
A,100,103, 43
66 Appeals from Appellate Decrees 107,109 41 3
A a Application of rule 14 of Order 41 42
104
106
67 Appeal from Order 108 43 1,33
Right to challenge non-appeable Orders in
a appeal against decree 43 1-A
Preliminary decree cannot be disputed if
68 appeal is made against final decree 97
No abatement by Party Death if right to sue
a survives 22 1
Abatement of Suit (Plaintiff) (will not apply
b to execution of decree) 22 3,12
Abatement of Suit (Defendant) (will not
c apply to execution of decree) 22 4,12
81 Summary Procedure 37 1
96 Reference 113 46
Miscellaneous (Service of Process and
97 Appendix 48
a Provincial Small Cause Court 50
b Presidency Small Cause Court 51
98 Lawyer,Lawyer Fees and Lawyer Clerk
a Family Connection while alloting courts
b Lawyer Clerk
99 Dress code of Advocate
High
Court Bombay
Oiginal City Civil High Court The
Side Court Appellate Limitation
NUAL Evidence Act Rules Rules Side Rules Act
Appendix Chapter Paragraph Rules Rules Rules
2 8(viii)
5,2 78,8,17,18
2 17,18,8
2 9,20
3 41
8,10,27 129131132133
2,3,5,27, 7,8(i),942,78,523
42 45 4(i)
2 7
2 7to 29
2 8(IV),26,20 275
43
2,31 8(a),594
2 8(b),5
2 8©,15
31 594 45
2 8©
2 8(d)
2 8(d)(i)
2 8(d)(ii)
2 8(d)(iv) 44
2 8(d)(viii)
2 8 (d)(ix)
2 8(d)(xv)
2 9
2 15
2 17,8(b)
21 277,285
24 501
2 18
2 18
2 28(vii)
7 97,98
11 267
2(iv)k,17(8
31 594(7) (i))
12 10(15)
2 18
2 19
2 27 401 4(32)
2 28
Form 12
2,23 19,487-A,B
B,5
H,2 19 337
2 8(b),10
2 8(iii)
31 596-II Section-3
2 8(v) Section-5
2 8(b)
33 660
33 660(4) 628 359 10(17)
33 662 49 61
33
99to125,134
8, to150,171 to
22 184,488 to 493
50 7 (4 to 9)
B,1,2 69 and 84 51 to 64
70 to 72 51
76 63
B,11 3 35
3,8 35,27,111
3 35 86 65
34,35,38,39
171,176,177,179,180
B,7,8,9,10 3 ,181
30,35,37,39,1144,61
B,3,10 3,8,31,43 3,763 85
8, 111,127,145
H,2A 35 679
Form
C,2,3,4,5,6,7,8 10 261 to 266 17,18,19
3,31 30(a),594
3 30(b)
3 30©
31 594
31-a 628-A
8 171
3 38
183
11 267
66to 73-a
C,9,10,11 3,31 41,595(g) Form 20
3 41 89
3, 42,
6 83
5 78
2 18
5 78(1,3) 95,96
2 8(iv) 55
5 78(7)
5 79
5 79 (1)
5 79(2)
5 79-81
31 594
164 79
6 82
167
to171,176
C,1 6 84 ,177,207 81
Form
20,21,22,
9,10,11,12 6 84 37
6 84
H,5
27 523 to 525
B,14,18
6
8 85 to 87
27 129,131,133
26 523,524,525, 488
32 646
27 524
22 469
6 89,91
6 89,91
6 90
6 90
6 90
6 90
6 90
6 90
6 90
6 90
6 91
H,1 6 92
B,6 7 96(1),225
7 96(2)
7 97
8 99
B,13 8 111,105,117,488 92to 94-a
8 129
8 151,162
179
174,175
D,2
840 364
10 252 to 260
10 254(2)
10 254(3)
10 254(7)
10 255(1) 56,064,136
5 79
10 257
6 89
10 253
254,251,89,253,257,
H,6 6,8,10 113
10 253,254
10 253,254,255
10 254
10 253
10 256
11 267-288 2(iv) 8
11 285
H,11,11-A,12 12 289 63 to 68
210 to
12,19 293,337 220,408
10(2)(d)
317
E-6, 450 146 to 174
460 146,225
29 559(10)
11 276
336
E,2
21 348,349
21 383
319
21 388 245
Form
54,55,56,
E-16,17,18,19,20 345 58
21 417
E,8 31 594(8) 10(2)©
148
154,157,2
22 313,328 450 44 17 (27)
149, Form
21,31 391,594(9) 39
6
160
162,226,2
450 44, Form
E-15 31 595(h) 461 69
E,9,10,11,12,1
3,14 160
164
E,1,3 450 165
21 403(a) Form 66
21 403(a)
E,21,22 21 405
E,23,24 21 409 175,286
21 413
163
21 412
21 415
21 418
166
E,25,26 21 419 342
F,9 21 448 161
F,10 38 332 589 194
E,38
31 594(10)
243
21 422
21 422
21 433
21 435 343
310-A
E,39 21 442 478 Form 64
E,40,41 21 443
4 46 to 77
6 82,83
12 302
13 303
14 305
14 305
14 306
14 307
14 308
57 to 61
2 8 17(22)
12 301
12 289 to292
12 302
D,3,3A,4,5,5A, 849
6,7,7A,7B,7C, 852
7F,9,10,11 854
6,8,9,10 89113234250251
190 to 20996 to 110
26 506
26 509
26 511
26 514
26 515
10 250
17 323
17 328-A
329
330
332
19 337
G,1
877
879
G,2,3
G,4,H,14
G,5,6
G,7
908
G,9
2(i),4(xiv)
22 465,466,468 10(2)©
7(6)
(2),17(8)
(iv)
Article 121
H,3 164
174,175 206
Article 114
2(i) to 117
22 451(1)
22 451(2)
22 451(3)
22 451(4)
22 452
Article 114
22 453 to 117
22 454
22 458
22 458
22 465
22 465
22 465
26 516
26 519
26 522
26 524
31 594(6)
26 526
26 528
4(23 i)
Form No 5
4(23iii) Appendix H
G,14
2(v)(b)
74, 13119
221to 227 Form 35
B,4
B,4-A 73
196-205
Form
F,2 307 72,73
F,1
F,3,4,5,6,7 308 197
147 187-193
147
F,8
28
28 546 to 556
28 557 to 558-A
29 559
30 562
31
909 to 923 23-A
14
(Schedule
A VI)
32 629
32 631
32 633,634
32 636
32 639
35 668 to 697
36 698 to 702
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
APPENDIX A PLEADINGS
1. Titles of Suits
2. Description of Parties in Particular Cases
3. Plaints
Money Lent
Money Overpaid
Goods Sold at a Fixed Price and Delivered
Goods Sold at a Reasonable Price and Delivered
APPENDIX B PROCESS
1. Summons For Disposal Of Suit (Order 5, Rules 1, 5)
APPENDIX D DECREE
1. Decree in Original Suit (Order 20, Rules 6, 7)
2. Simple Money Decree (Section 34)
3. Preliminary Decree for Foreclosure (Order 34, Rule 2 –
Where accounts are directed to be taken)
3A. Preliminary Decree for Foreclosure (Order 34, Rule 2 –
Where the Court declares the amount due)
4. Final Decree for Foreclosusre (Order 34, Rule 3)
5. Preliminary Decree for Sale (Order 34, Rule 4 – Where
accounts are directed to be taken)
5A. Preliminary Decree for Sale (Order 34, Rule 4 – When
the Court declares the amount due)
6. Final Decree for Sale (Order 34, Rule 5)
APPENDIX E Execution
1. Notice to Show Cause Why a Payment or Adjustment
should not be Recorded as Certified (Order 21, Rule 2)
APPENDIX H Miscellaneous
1. Agreement of Parties as to Issues to be Tried (Order 14,
Rule 6)
2. Notice of Application for the Transfer of a Suit to Another
Court for Trial (Section 24)
2A. List of Witnesses Proposed to be Called by
Plaintiff/Defendant (Order 16, Rule 1)
3. Notice of Payment into Court (Order 24, Rule 2)
4. Notice to Show Cause (General Form)
5. List of Documents Produced by Plaintiff/Defendant (Order
13, Rule 1)
PROCESS,PROCESS FEES,PRINTING,CHARGES,
SECURITY COSTAND OTHER PROCEDURE AFTER
ADMISSION 2 7
Taxing of Process Fees and printing charges 2 7 1
Supply of copies of memorandum of
appeal,petition,etc 2 7 2
Number of copies for the use of the Supreme Court 2 29-A 20(v)
Number of copies for the parties 2 29-A 20(vi)
Rate of fees for preparation of the transcript of the
record and printing and cyclostyling of record 2 29-A 21(i)
Manner of appropriating the fees 2 29-A 21(ii)
Translations to be made by Chief Translator's Office or
Special Translators 2 29-A 22(i)
Fees for estimating translation charges 2 29-A 22(ii)
Estimate may be called from the Chief Translator 2 29-A 22(iii)
Procedure where translations are made for High Court
appeal 2 29-A 23
PART I .
Where Contempt of Court is committed in view or
presence or hearing of Court, the contemnor may be
punished by the Court before which contempt is
committed either forthwith or on such date as may be
appointed by the Court in that behalf. 3 34 1
Enquiry
Any person charged with contempt, may file an
Affidavit in support of his
defence on the date fixed for his appearance or on
such other date as may be fixed
by the Court in that behalf, 3 34 22(a)
ee
12(2)
Bombay High Court (Original Side Rules)
Sr. No. Sr.No Particulars Part Chapter Rule
Application by Advocate for Registration 1 3
1 Office Address 1 6
Joint Vakaltnama 1 7
Registered Clerk 1 8
Advocate to keep Accounts 1 10
Production of Account for Inspection 1 15
Certificate as an Attorney 1 20
Dress of Advocates 1 21
Shall not appear and plead for parties on both sides 1 22
Designation of Advocate as Senior Advocate 1 24
Holding of Court on Original Side 2 1 26
Assignment of Work to be made by Chief Justice 2 1 27
Office Hours
Vacations and Holidays 2 2 29,30
Plaint (Institution of Suit) 2 4 42
Particulars of Claim annexed to Plaint 43
Plaint to be verified and before whom 44
Plaint to be lodged before presentation 45
2 32
3 32
1 1 2
1 1 1 2 32
1 1 3
1 5 45 3 4 1
1 1 2 3 4 4,5,6,7
1 6 51
1 6 51-A
1 6 52
1 6 53
1 1 10
1 6 63
1 6 56
1 6 57
1 6 58
1 6 65
1 4 43©,65
1 6 60
1 4 40 to 42
1 4 43
1 4 44
1 7 79
1 7 81
1 20 209
1 20 208
1 9 96 to 110 2 3 1to 11
1 9 97 2 3 1
1 9 100
1 9 101
1 9 98
1 9 102
1 9 99
1 9 109
1 9 103
1 9 105
1 9 99
1 9 96
1 1,9 13,119
1 10 111 to 118
1 19 196-205
1 19 197
1 16 175 to 181
1 17 182-186
2 25
1 4 32
1 22 217-255
168
1 22 219
1 22 220
1 22 160,244
1 22 245
1 22 221
1 22 224
1 22 224-a
163
1 22 166,225
1 22 227
1 22 347
1 22 347
1 22 248
1 22 249
1 23 252-347
1 23 256
1 23 299
1 23 285
1 23 286
1 23 287
1 23 331
1 23 290
1 23 290
1 23 313
1 23 316
1 23 318
1 23 318
1 23 319
1 23 321
1 23 316
1 23 315
1 23 330
1 23 290-A,322
1 23 291,323
1 23 324
1 23 325
1 23 326
1 23 327
1 23 328
1 23 336
1 23 338
166
194
2 17 1(i)
1 25 359-A 2 10 17
1 27 1(i) to (iii)
2 24-A
2 7 18
2 23-A
2 26
2 23&23-A
4 34
Bombay City Civil Court Rules
Sr. No. Particulars Part Chapter Rule Form No
Procedure and Practice 1 1
Advocate to have precendence interse
according to senority 1 1 1
Shall not appear and plead for parties on
both sides 1 1 2
Office Hours 1 2 3
Summary Suits 1 2 13
List of Long Causes 1 2 15
Transfer of Suit abated to Suit List A 1 2 16
49,50,51,
52,53,56,
57,58,59,
Warrant of attachment 1 15 163 60,66
Payment into court 1 15 164
Payment out of court to be notified 1 15 165
Affidavit of Documents 17
Notice to produce documents for
Inspection 18
Preliminary
1 1. Short title, extent and commencement.––(1) This Act may be
called the
General Clauses Act, 1977.
REFRENCE TO OTHER
SECTIONS JUDGEMENTS
INTRODUCTION
The word “notice” is a word of everyday use. Generally, it is self-defined and well known. In fact, it cannot be defined correctl
means and includes an information, intimation or direction, knowledge, etc. the object behind giving a notice is to make awar
the facts of the case or give an opportunity to the other party to reconsider his position before a legal proceeding is started ag
“notice” may denote merely intimation to the party concerned of a particular fact. It seems that the Court cannot limit the wo
writing” to only a letter. Notice may take several forms. It must to be sufficient, be in writing and must intimate quite clearly th
been made and signed (Parasramika Commercial Company Vs. Union of India, AIR 1970 SC 1654 at 1956)
DEFINITION
There is no particular definition for notices. According to Chamber’s 20th Century Dictionary 1961, the word, “notice” stands f
announcement, information, warning a writing etc.” generally, the object of the notice is to give an opportunity to the other t
position before an action or any legal proceedings is started against him.
“Notice” inter alia means “information”, “knowledge”, or “to know”; and it also stands to signify “observation”, “cognizance”,
“information”, “intelligence”, “warning”, “announcement” (of something to be done or to occur subsequently), written statem
make mention of.
“Noticeable” means remarkable, conspicuous, attracting notice. Notification means an act of making known or notifying, an ac
notice so given; formal notice given under various Act or Parliament. “To notify” means to give to, to inform, or to make know
OBJECT OF NOTICE
The object of the notice is to enable the party to whom the notice is given to settle the points of dispute without going to Cou
principles laid down in Section 106 and other related provisions of Transfer of Property Act to make the tenant aware of the in
landlord to terminate the lease [AIR 1955 Pat. 371] and so in Section 80 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.
The purpose of the notice would be completed only when the same is received or it is refused by the addressee and not simpl
notice. For a example, a landlord sends a notice to his tenant terminating the tenancy by tendering it in post office and the sam
the endorsement “addressee not available at the delivery time”, “addressee not available”, “addressee has left”, or “addresse
time” then this notice will not be binding on the tenant because he has not received the said notice or he has no knowledge o
landlord.
The sole purpose of a notice under section 80 of the Civil Procedure Code to the party concerned is to afford him an opportun
position with regard to the claim made and if so advised, whether to settle it or otherwise to make amends without recourse o
objects underlying the section is to a clear notice of claim to the Government so that it may settle the claim and avoid the imp
consequential costs of the suit in the event of claim being decreed. [AIR 1960 SC 1309 State of Madras Vs. C. P. Agencies]. The
notice under section 80 of the code to Railway administration the defendants, was to inform them that a suit is to be brought
that they may, if they so desire, compromise the case or compensate the person concerned without letting him have his recou
Law [AIR 1961. 200 Bhagwanlal Vs. Union of India].
The object of the notice under section 80 is to give to the Government or the public servant concerned an opportunity to reco
legal position and if that course is justified to make, amends or settle the claim out of Court. The section is no doubt imperativ
notice complying with the requirements of the State will entail dismissal of the suit. But the notice must be reasonably constru
unimportant error or defect cannot be permitted to be treated as an excuse for defeating a just claim. In considering whether
the statute are complied with, the Court must take into consideration the following matters in each case; (1) whether the nam
residence of the plaintiff are given so as to enable the authorities to identify the person serving the notice, (2) whether the cau
the relief which the plaintiff claims are set out with sufficient particulars, (3) whether a notice in writing has been delivered to
of the appropriate authority mentioned in the section, and (4) whether the suit is instituted after the expiration of two month
has been served, and the plaint contains a statement that such a notice has been delivered or left. In construing the notice the
ignore the object of legislature viz. to give to the Government or public servant concerned an opportunity to reconsider its or
an reasonable reading of the notice the plaintiff is shown to have given the information which the statute requires him to give
defects or irregularities should be ignored. It is true the terms of Section 80 must be strictly complied but that does not mean
the notice should be scrutinized in an artificial or pedantic manner [Beohar Rajendra Singh Vs. The State of Madhya Pradesh, A
(1969) 1 SCC 789].
Kinds of Notices
According to the Blacks’ Law Dictionary, 7th Edition, pp. 1087, 1088; kinds of notices are as follows:
• Actual notice – Notice given directly to, or received personally by, a party.
• Constructive notice – Notice arising by presumption of law from the existence of facts and circumstances that a party ha
notice of, such as a registered deed or a pending law suit; notice presumed by law to have been acquired by a person ad thus
person (legal notice).
• Direct notice – Actual notice of a fact that is brought directly to a party’s attention (Positive notice).
• Due notice – Sufficient and proper notice that is intended to and likely to reach a particular person or the public; notice
adequate given the particular circumstance (adequate notice).
• Express notice – Actual knowledge or notice given to a party directly, nor arising from any inference, duty or inquiry.
• Fair notice – (1). Sufficient notice apprising a litigant of the opposing party’s claim. (2). The requirement that a pleading
the opposing party of a claim. (3). Fair warning.
• Immediate notice – 1. Notice given as soon as possible. 2. More commonly, and especially on notice of an insurance clai
reasonable under the circumstances.
• Implied notice – Notice that is inferred from facts that a person had a means of knowing and that is thus imputed to tha
notice of facts or circumstances that, if properly followed up, would have led to a knowledge of the particular fact in question
presumptive notice).
• Imputed notice – Information attributed to a person whose agent having received actual notice of the information, has
to that person.
• Inquiry notice – Notice attributed to a person when the information would lead an ordinarily prudent person to investig
further; especially the time at which the victim of an alleged securities fraud became aware of facts that would have prompte
person to investigate.
Personal notice – Oral or written notice, according to circumstances, given directly to the affected person.
• Public notice – Notices given to the public or persons affected, by publishing in a newspaper of general circulation (notic
• Reasonable notice – Notice that is fairly to b expected or required under the particular circumstances.
• Record notice – Constructive notice of the contents of an instrument, such as a deed or mortgage that has been properl
• Notice doctrine – The equitable doctrine that when a new owner takes a estate with notice someone else had a claim o
the transfer, that claim may still be asserted against the new owner even if it might have been disregarded at law.
Nature and Scope
Laws pertaining to notices are procedural laws or adjective laws; therefore have to be followed with the greatest possible deg
diligence. Law does not excuse mistakes committed in drawing up notices, especially in respect of those which are statutory a
Mistakes which do not violate or infringe or contravene the provisions of law or affect the cause of action are generally excuse
Classification of Notices
Oral or Verbal Notice, Written Notice
Generally speaking a notice should be in writing because a written notice is easy to prove its contents are certain. However, a
or verbal. A verbal notice to quit is sufficient to terminate tenancy unless there is express provision requiring a written notice [
Mahadu AIR 1929 Nag. 169].
A notice under section 14(2) of the Arbitration Act, 1940 may be given orally. Section 94 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 18
says that a notice may be oral or written; may, if written, be sent by post and may be in any form.
Composite Notices
A composite notice is a notice issued under separate enactments in a combined form or under two or more sections of the sam
example a notice under section 106 of Indian Railways Act, 1989 read with section 80 of the Civil Procedure Code.
Notice to Produce
Any party to an action may call upon the other party to produce any documents referred to in his pleadings or affidavit [Order
Code of Civil Procedure, 1908]. If one party is in possession of any written instrument which would be evidence for the other i
to produce it at the trial may be served either upon him, his solicitor, or agent. The notice must specify the instrument with a
sufficient to inform the opposite party what he called upon to produce. It must be served at a reasonable time before trail, so
party served to make an effectual search, and produce the same at the proper time.
Notification
Notification is the act of notifying or giving notice; notice given in words or in writing, anything which communicates informati
telegram or an advertisement.
Notice of Assessment
A notice given by a taxing authority such as an officer of the Income Tax Department or of an officer of a municipal Corporatio
relation to real property situated within the limits of his Municipality or Panchayat, whereby the tax payer is advised of the ass
payable by him.
Notice of Accident
The notice of Accidents Act, 1906, requires annual return and notices of accidents in mines and quarries to be given, ad in the
factories and workshops notice must be sent to the district inspector, and also in certain events to the certifying surgeon of th
mines, provision for notice is made by the Coal Mines Act, 1911.
Notice of Dishonour
Sections 91 to 98 of the Negotiable Instruments Act, 1881 deal with this aspect. In relation to bills of exchange, a notice of dish
given by the payee or endorsee thereof to all parties other than the acceptor that the bill had been dishonoured upon present
dishonour is given to enable the parties to protect themselves by promptly taking up the bill and proceeding against the party
upon it.
Notice to Quit
Notice to be given by a landlord to a tenant or by a tenant to a landlord. A written notice given by a landlord to his tenant, sta
desires to repossess himself of the demised premises, and that the latter is required to quit and remove from the same at a tim
either at the expiration of the term, if the tenant is In under a lease, or immediately, if the tenancy is at will or by sufferance.
sometimes applied to a written notice given by the tenant to the landlord to the effect that he intends to quit the demised pre
possession of the same on a day named.
Notice of Appeal
The words “notice of appeal” means the notice to the respondent of the actual date of hearing fixed for the disposal of the ap
Kameshwar Prasad Singh, AIR 1963 ALL 311 (312-13)].
Requirement of Notice
Generally speaking there is no particular form for any particular notice. Thus, a notice u/s 80 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 19
notice u/s 106 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882 (IV of 1882) or a notice u/s 106 of the Indian Railways Act, 1989 (24 of 198
43 (1) of the Indian Partnership Act, 1932 (9 of 1932), Section 135 to 140 of MRTP Act does not require to be given any particu
however, be noted in this connection that several forms of notices have been prescribed under the Civil Procedure Code, 1908
have to be used when there is occasion for issuing such notices.
It is not necessary that the section of a statute under which a notice is issued must be mentioned in the notice for the validity
a notice which is invalid in the eyes of law would not be valid only because the section of an Act under which it had been issue
mentioned in it. In [Sunderlal Vs. Yakoob Ali (AIR 1979 NOC 38 (ALL)], it was held that a mere mention of section 106 in the no
being a recital, express or implied, terminating the tenancy of the person to whom the notice had been addressed was not suffi
bring about termination of tenancy.
Service of Notice
This is also an important factor so far notice is concerned. If the notice is not received by the addressee then he cannot be bou
So to bind the addressee with the contents of a notice it is essential to see that the notice is served on him.
In case of joint tenancy, if the notice is served on one of the joint tenants then it is notice to all the joint tenants [Rotion Vs. Pr
1965 ALL. 287].
There may be direct and indirect modes of service. The following are the direct modes:-
• Personal service – Delivery of a notice to the person on whom it is to be served constitutes what is known as “Personal S
personal service is effected, a receipt acknowledging delivery of the notice in writing should be insisted from the addressee.
• Service by Post – the most commonly adopted mode of service of a notice is “service by post”, i.e., sending a notice to t
addressed at his usual place of abode or the last known place of abode or business, by post. A notice may be sent by –
• Ordinary post – Dispatch of a notice by ordinary post is not free from risks inasmuch as the notice giver has had left with
prove service of the notice if the addressee denied of having received the notice.
• Certificate of Post – A certificate of posting, issued by the post office of dispatch, certifies posting of a letter containing a
a guarantee that the letter must have reached the addressee.
• Registered Post – Sending a notice under registered post places the notice-giver in a better place and surer footing and
presume that a notice, sent under registered post, was duly served on the addressee.
Statutory mode of Service – When a particular provision of law directs a particular manner as to how a notice has to be served
notice u/s 80 of Civil Procedure Code directing the notice “to be delivered to or left at the office of the Secretary to the Union
Government. General Manager of a railway or the Collector of a district as the case may be, the notice is to be served in the m
under the statute.
Contractual mode of Service – When an agreement of a contract contains a term as to the mode of service of notice, the notic
conforming strictly to such mode.
Special mode of Service – Leaving a notice in a conspicuous part of the premises of the addressee.
Indirect mode of service by implication arises when a notice giver sends a notice through a bearer or special messenger or thro
the addressee refuses to take it. Refusal is by implication good service of the notice on the addressee.
Key Clauses Covered in drafting contract
Liquidated Damages