Fundamental 3 Months

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Course: - .........................................................................................
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Haryana State Electronics Development Corporation Limited (HARTRON)

(A State Govt. Undertaking)
S.C.O 109-110, Sector 17-B, Chandigarh- 160017 (India)
Web: hartron.org.in
HARTRON SKILL CENTRE NARNAUL Page | 2
Contents
COMPUTER FUNDAMENTAL ............................................................................................................................................. 3
BASIC TOURBLE SHOOTING ........................................................................................................................................... 19
MS WORD ............................................................................................................................................................................... 22
MS POWERPOINT ................................................................................................................................................................ 26
MS EXCEL .............................................................................................................................................................................. 29
INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION ...................................................................................................................... 47
TYPING LESSON .................................................................................................................................................................. 48
GICE COMPUTER EDUCATION PURANI SARAI RAVIDAS MARG NARNAUL CONT: 01282-252667
COMPUTER
FUNDAMENTAL
Full form of Computer: -

Computer
C- Common
O- Operating
M- Machine which
P- Particularly
U- Used in
T- Technology
E- Education and
R- Research
What is the meaning of the computer?
Meaning of computer in Hindi (संगणक) in English (Compute).
What is computer?
Ans: - A computer is an electronic data processing device, which accepts and store the data
from input, process the data input and generates the output in a required format.
Benefits of computer: -
1. Typing 5. Entertainment (T.V, Movie, Game etc.)
2. Printing 6. Accuracy
3. Data storage 7. Speed
4. Internet
ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER: -
1. HIGH SPEED: -
Computer is a very fast device. It can perform millions of calculations in a few seconds
2. ACCURACY: -
The calculation are hundred percent error free.
3. STORAGE CAPBILITY: -
It can store large amount of data.
It can store any type of data such as images, videos, text, and audio.
4. RELIABILITY: -
Human being become tried after working sometime, but computer not tried anytime.
5. AUTOMATION: -
Computer is an automatic machine.
DISADVANTAGES: -
1. NO I.Q: - Intelligence Quotient
(a) Each instruction has to be given on the computer.
(b) A computer cannot take any decision on its own.
2. DEPENDENCY: -
It functions as per the user instruction thus it full dependent on human.
3. ENVIRONMENT: -
The operating environment of the computer should be dust free and cooling area.
4. POWER: -
It cannot work without electricity.
**APPLICATION** (In various areas where computer are used)

1. Business
2. Banking
3. Education
4. Health care (MRI, CT Scan etc.)
5. Engineer designing
6. Military
7. Communication
8. Government
What is CPU?
Ans: - It stands for central Processing unit. It stores our data and records for the future time. It
also control the all activities of system. So, it is also called brain of the computer.
Part of the CPU
MU
CU Output
Input
ALU
• ALU (Arithmetic logic Unit): - It is used for mathematic calculations and for taking logical
decision.
• CU (Control Unit): - This unit of CPU is used for controlling all the operations of the computer.
• MU (Memory Unit): - In this unit we can store our data. There are two types of memory.
******Memory Unit******
MEMORY: - A memory is just like a human brain. It is used stored data and instruction.
Computer memory is storage space in the computer.
There are two types of memory.
• Primary memory
• Secondary memory
❖ Primary Memory (Internal Memory): - Primary memory is computer memory that a process
or computer access first or directly. There are two types of primary memory.
1. RAM (Random Access Memory): - Ram the internal memory of the CPU for storing data.
Program and program results
• RAM is a temporary memory
• RAM is a volatile memory
• It is a read and write memory. Which store data until the machine is working. As soon the
machine is switched off data is erased.
2. ROM (Read Only Memory): - The memory form which we can only read but cannot write on
it.
• This type of memory is non-volatile memory.
• This is permanently memory
• A ROM store such instruction that are required to start a computer.
❖ Secondary Memory (External Memory):- This type of memory is also known as external
memory. The data are information store permanently.
• Hard disk: - It store large amount of data than a floppy. It Protect our data from all side. It
works fastly than a floppy.
• SSD: - A solid-state drive (SSD) is a new generation of storage device used in computers.
• C.D. (Compact Disk): - It stands for compact disk. This disk is not erasable disk. It store=
700 MB data.
• Floppy: - It is a flexible and erasable disk. There are three types of floppy according to size.
o 8 Inch floppy (80 KB)
o 51/4 Inch floppy (360 KB)
o 31/2 Inch floppy (1.44 MB)
• D.V.D (Digital Versatile Disc or Digital Video Disc) (4.7 Gb)
• Blue Ray (25,50GB,200GB,250 GB)
• Memory Card (2,4,8,16 Gb)
• Pen drive (2,4,8,16,32,64,128 Gb)
Bit are the smallest unit of memory. (0,1)
4 Bit = 1 Nibbles 8 Bit = 2 Nibbles
(8 Bit)/2 Nibble= 1 Bytes 1024 Byte = 1 Kilobyte (Kb)
1024 Kb = 1 Megabyte (Mb) 1024 Mb = 1 Giga Byte (Gb)
1024 Gb = 1 Tera Byte (Tb) 1024 Tb = 1 Peta Byte (Pb)
1024 Pb = 1 Exa Byte (Eb) 1024 Eb = 1 Zeta Byte (Zb)
******INPUT DEVICE******
MOUSE:
It is an input device, pointing device and hand operating device. It contains generally two or
three buttons.
Mechanical Mouse (Wired mouse):- A mouse contains a metal ball cotted with rubber it
surfaces. When the ball is rotated on mouse pad the mouse pointer also rotates
Optical Mouse (Wired mouse):- A mouse contains sensor red light under its sensor. When
the mouse is moving sensor is also moving and the mouse pointer is also rotate on desktop in
two direction horizontal, vertical.
Mouse are two types.
1. Mechanical Mouse (Wired mouse)
2. Optical Mouse (Wired mouse)
3. Bluetooth Mouse (Optical wireless)
KEYBOARD
It is an input device it is a media through, which all data are enter into the computer system.
TYPES OF KEYBOARD
1. Standard Keyboard (101 Keys)
2. Window Keyboard (104 -107 Keys)
3. Multimedia Keyboard (116 – 122 Keys)
4. Bluetooth Keyboard (Wireless)
It is containing many types of keys.
➢ Alphabetic KEY (A-Z)
➢ Numeric KEY (0-9)
➢ Function KEY (F1 TO F12)
➢ Control Key (Home, End, Insert, Delete, Page Up, Page Down, Ctrl, Alt.)
➢ Toggle Keys (Caps Lock, Num Lock, Scroll Lock).
➢ Special Purpose Key (Enter, Shift, Space, Tab, Print Screen).
Key Name Key Name

~ Tiled complement ] Right Bracket
! Exclamation : Colon
@ At the rate of ; Semi colon
# Hash “ Double Quotes
$ Dollar
% Percentage ‘ Single Quotes
^ Caret < Less Than
& Ampersand > Greater Than
* Asterisk <> Anglt Bracket
( Left parentheses , Comma
) Right parentheses . Dot, Period
- Minus, hyphen ? Question Mark
_ Under score Left Arrow Key
+ Plus Right Arrow key
= Equal to Up Arrow key
| Vertical slash, pipe Down Arrow Key
\ Backward slash
/ Forward slash Esc Escape Key
{ Left braces Ctrl Control key
} Right braces Alt Alter key
[ Left Bracket
⧫ JOY STICK
This is another kind of input device used to play computer games, which is connected to
game port.
⧫ LIGHT PEN
It is also input device. It is a pointing device similar a pen. It is used to select a displayed
menu item or draw picture on the monitor.
⧫ SCANNER
It is an input device image scanner. Translated printed image into an electronic format that
can we stored in a computer.
⧫ MICROPHONE
Microphone is an input device to input sound that is then stored in a digital form.
⧫ OCR (Optical Character Reader)
These are another kind of input device. That are used to read any printed text.
⧫ OMR
Sheet can read and convert the machine-readable codes and store its memory.
⧫ MICR (Magnetic Ink Character Readers): -MICR input device is generally used in
banks as there are large number of cheque to be proceed every day.
⧫ BCR (Bar Code Readers)
This is used to read different kind of vertical lines known as bar which signify some
information.
⧫ QR (Quick Response)
A QR code (short for "quick response" code) is a type of barcode that contains a matrix of
dots.
******OUTPUT DEVICE******
Any machine capable of representing information from a computer. This includes display
screens, printers, plotters, speakers.
There are two types of representing the data in output device.
➢ SOFTCOPY – MONITER, SPEAKER, PROJECTOR
➢ HARDCOPY- PRINTER, PLOTTER
⧫ MONITOR:
Monitors commonly called as visual display unit (VDU), are the main output device of a
computer. It forms images from tiny dots called pixel that are arranged in a rectangular
form. The sharpness depends on the number of pixels. There are two kinds of viewing
screen used for monitor.
1. CRT (Cathode ray tubes)
The CRT display is made up of small picture elements called pixel. The larger the pixel,
the better clarity or resolution.
Most screen are capable of display Row 80 characters of data and Column 25 lines.
2. FLAT PANNEL DISPLAY MONITER: -
The flat panel display refers to a class of video devices that have reduced volume weight
and power requirement in compression to the CRT.
TWO TYPES OF FLAT PANNEL DISPLAY
❖ EMISSIVE DISPLAY
Ex: - LED (Light Emitting Diode)
❖ NON- EMISSIVE DISPLAY
Ex: LCD (Liquid Crystal Device)
Speaker: - A computer speaker is an output hardware device that connects to a computer
to generate sound.
Projector: - A projector or image projector is an optical device that projects an image (or
moving images) onto a surface, commonly a projection screen.
******PRINTER******
PRINTER: -It is an output device. Which is used to print information on paper. Printout
in the both types of data- text and graphic. Printer can be divided into two categories.
➢ IMPACT PRINTER
➢ NON-IMPACT PRINTER
⧫ IMPACT PRINTER: -Impact printer print the character by striking than on the paper.
Impact printer are two types
✓ Character Printer
✓ Line Printer
⧫ Character Printer: -These are the printer which print one character at a time.
There are two types of character printer.
1. DOT MATRIX PRINTER
In the market one of the most popular printer DMP. The printer are popular because in
case of printing and economical prize.180 CPS to 360 CPS (character per second).
2. DAISY WHEEL PRINTER
These printers are character type’s printer. In this printer plastic daisy wheel is used, which
travels across the width of printer. The quality of output is good. This is similar to the
electronic type write machine. Daisy wheel printer speed is also than dot matrix, the speed
ranges from 180 CPS to 280 CPS maximum.
⧫ LINE PRINTER: Line printer are the printer which print one line at a time.
There are two types of line printer
1. DRUM PRINTER
These printer like a drum in shape hence it called drum printer. Drum surface character are
Mounted. Drum is rotated clockwise, one rotation of drum print one line. Drum printer are
faster in speed and can print 300 to 2000 line per minute (LMP)
2. CHAIN PRINTER: -In this printer a chain of character sets hence it is called line
printer character are mounted on the outside of a revolving chain. Chain is slow than drum
printer 600 to 900 LMP.
➢ NON-IMPACT PRINTER: -Non-impact printer prints the printer without using the
ribbon. These printers print a complete page at a time. Thus, they are also called page
printer. There are three types of non-impact printer
1) THERMAL PRINTER
It is a non-impact character matrix printer. These printer output on a special paper called the
thermal printer.
2) INKJET PRINTER
These printers are non-impact printer based on a relative new technology. They print
character by a spraying small drops of Ink paper. Inkjet printer high quality produce with
presentable feature.
3) LASER PRINTER
These are non-impact printer. They use laser lights to produce the dots need to form the
character to printing on a page. The typical speed ranges from 12 to 20 pages per minute.
❖ PLOTTER: -Plotter are the special type of hard copy output device which are used to
produce the graphical output. They are widely used in engineering drawing.
There are three types of Plotter:
1. Drum plotter
2. Flatbed plotter
3. Electrostatic plotter
**** EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER****

• ABACUS:
Abacus is one of the earliest known calculation devices. It is a tool deck helped in
calculation of arithmetic problem. It is a simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on
which beats are attached.
• PASCAL:
IN 1642 the first rear mechanical calculator invented by a French scientist and a
mathematician called Blaise Pascal. It was able to have to do addition and subtraction, so
it is called adding machine.
• ANALYTICAL ENGINE:
In 1822 Charles Babbage a British mathematician was inventor, designed and built the
mechanical calculator and difference engine. The principal of modern electric computer
this region Charles Babbage are known as father of computer.
*****History and Generation******
❖ I Generation of Computer (1946-1959): -
st
The computers of this generation were made of vacuum tubes for magnetic drum of
Memory. First computer used 1700 vacuum tubes and 30 Tons weight in this computer.
These computers used large amount of space. In this generation Binary coding (Machine
language) is used to communicate with the Machine.
❖ IInd Generation of Computer (1959-1965): -
The computers of this Generation made up of transistor replacing vacuum tubes. These are
small is size so the machine used a less amount of space. The transistor was far superior
to the vacuum tube. The development of Higher- Level languages like FORTRAN,
COBOL and Basic was Possible.
❖ IIIrd Generation of Computer (1965-1971): -
The computers of these generations were made by silicon chip. A small chip, the size of a
finger nail (Integrated circuits chip) could the equivalent of 200 to 2000 transistor.
❖ IVth Generation of Computer (1971 – 1980): -
In this Generation used LSIC (large Scale Integrated Chip), VLSIC (Very large Scale
Integrated Chip) and MOs Technology (metal oxide semiconductor device) some chip
have been developed for the purpose of data storage. (Microprocessors chip are used).
❖ Vth Generation of Computer (1980 to till now): -
This Generation Computers development stage in computer History ULSIC (Ultra Large-
Scale Integrated Chip) used in this Generation. It will Contain Millions of components in
a single chip. This generation is based on (Artificial Intelligence).
****Classification of computer****
COMPUTER
TYPE SIZE PURPOSE
ANALOG MICRO MINI GENERAL
DIGITAL MAINFRAME SUPER SPECIAL
HYBRID
1. Analog Computer: - Analog computers are designed to process analog data.
Analogue data is continuous data that changes continuously and cannot have discrete
values. We can say that analogue computers are used where we don't need exact
values always such as speed, temperature, pressure and current.
2. Digital Computer: The definition of a digital computer is the most commonly used
type of computer and is used to process information with quantities using digits, usually
using the binary number system. An example of a digital computer is a MacBook,
Desktop, Laptop.
3. Hybrid Computer: - Hybrid computers are computers which combine the features of
both digital as well as analog computers. These can store and Process analog signals
which have been converted into discrete numbers using analog to digital converts and
vice versa using digital to analog converts.
According to Size of computer

1. MICRO 3. MAIN FRAME
2. MINI 4. SUPER
Micro Computer: - A microcomputer is a complete computer on a small scale, designed
for use by one person at a time. An antiquated term, a microcomputer is now primarily
called a personal computer (PC), or a device based on a single-chip microprocessor.
Common microcomputers include laptops and desktops
Minicomputer: - A minicomputer is a type of computer that possesses most of the features

and capabilities of a large computer but is smaller in physical size. A minicomputer may
also be called a mid-range computer
Minicomputers are used for scientific and engineering computations, business-
transaction processing, file handling, and database management
Main Frame: - Mainframe computers or mainframes (colloquially referred to as "big iron")

are computers used primarily by large organizations for critical applications; bulk data
processing, such as census, industry and consumer statistics, and enterprise resource
planning; and transaction processing. bank uses a mainframe computer
Supercomputer: - A supercomputer is a computer that performs at or near the currently

highest operational rate for computers. Traditionally, supercomputers have been used for
scientific and engineering applications that must handle very large databases or do a great
amount of computation (or both).
Used of Supercomputer: -
1. Weather Information 3. Nuclear Energy Research
2. Petroleum Production 4. Scientific Simulations
General Purpose Computer: -

A general-purpose computer is a computer that is designed to be able to carry out many
different tasks. Desktop computers and laptops are examples of general-purpose computers.
Examples: - desktops, notebooks, smartphones and tablets
Special Purpose Computer: -

A computer designed from scratch to perform a specific function. Contrast with general-
purpose computer.
Example: -Such as automatic teller machines or washing machines, control military
planes, boats.
********Number System*********
Number system is a media through this computer convert our language (HLL- High Level
Language) into machine language (LLL- Low Level Language) and machine language to
our language. For this Procedure: -
There is some code assign to each other. All these codes direct convert our
language into machine language. The code popularly known as ASCII (American
Standard Code for Information Interchange). These codes written in a number.
These are for types of number system.
Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal

0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1
2 2 total 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
5 5 5
6 6 6
7 7 7
8 8 total 8
9 9
10 Digits A
B
A- 10 C
B- 11 D
C- 12 E
D- 13 F
E- 14 16 Digits
F- 15
Decimal to Binary Conversion: -
1. Divide the number by 2 and save the remainder.
2. If the quotient is 0, to step 3 if quotient is not 0, repeat step 1.
3. The Binary representation of the decimal number is the remainder starting with the first
remainder at the right.
2 77
2 38 1
2 19 0
2 9 1
2 4 1 1001101 Binary
2 2 0
1 0
Binary to Decimal conversion: -
1001101
The right most bit is called the last significant bit and left most bit is called the most
significant bit. The last significant number multiply by 2 raised to the power of and the next
number is multiply by 2 raised, to power of and so on.
Conversion binary to decimal: - Decimal to Octal Conversion: -
1001101 =(?)2 8 150 6
8 18 2
0
1*2 =1 2
1
0*2 =0
1*22=4 226 Ans
3
1*2 =8 Octal to decimal conversion: -
4
0*2 =0 226
5
0*2 =0 6*80=6
1*26=64 2*81=16
Total=77 2*82=128
Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion: - 2E9
16 745 Hexadecimal to Decimal Conversión: -
9 9*160= 9
16 46 14 14*161=224
2 2*162= 512
Total=745
Booting: - The process of loading the operating system from the secondary memory to
primary memory is called as booting.
There are two types of Booting.
• Cold Booting
• Hot Booting
Cold Booting:- To perform a cold boot (also called a "hard boot") means to start up a
computer that is turned off.
Hot Booting:- It is often called as rebooting , start up . The most important difference between
the cold boot and hot boot is that Cold booting is the method to start the computer when the
computer is switched off, and the hot booting is the way to restart the computer, without
interrupting its power supply
*Components*
User Hardware
Operating System
Software
Q1. What is software?

Ans. The “software” means a collection p of programs. A Program is a set of logical
instructions. That is required to accomplish a specific task. The instructions may be given
using any of many computer languages.
*Classification of Software*
1. Application Software 2. System Software
❖ Application System: - It is a collection of application program. An application program
is one that has been developed to solve a specific data processing task for exp. financial
accounting inventory control, MS- Word, Excel (Electronic Spreadsheet) etc.
❖ System Software: - It is a collection of programs designed to operate, control and extend
the processing capabilities of the computer itself.
Exp: - Operating system (O/s), compiler, windows, Linux, Unix etc.
Hardware: - All tangible equipment associated with computer is called Hardware.
Exp: - Input device, output device, Secondary Storage device, CPU etc.
********OPERATING SYSTEM**********
This is the system software, which acts as an interface between the user and computer. All
the computers require operating system without which one cannot work with the computer.
We can store it in a floppy or H.D.D. It is just like a fuel in a vehicle. Different operating
system is available they are MS Dos (Micro Soft Disk Operating System), windows, UNIX,
Linux etc.
*Types of Operating System*
1. Single user, Single Task
2. Single user, Multi-Tasking
3. Batch Processing
4. Multi-Processing
5. On Line Real Time System
Single user, Single Task: - An operating system that allows a single user to perform only
one task at a time is called a Single-User Single-Tasking Operating System. Functions like
printing a document, downloading images, etc., can be performed only one at a time.
Examples include MS-DOS, Palm OS, etc.
Single user, Multi-tasking: - Single-User Multi-Tasking operating system is developed
specially for one user, but this single user is able to perform to multiple tasks run at a same
time frame. Some examples such as you can write any text, while surfing internet and
downloading images with watching movies, etc.
Example O/S are – Windows, Linux, Mac O/S
Multi-Processing
A computer's capability to process more than one task simultaneously is
called multiprocessing. A multiprocessing operating system is capable of running many
programs simultaneously, and most modern network operating systems (NOSs)
support multiprocessing. These operating systems include Windows NT, 2000, XP, and
Unix.
*Multiuser*
A multi-user operating system is an operating system that allows multiple users to connect
and operate a single operating system. Unix, Linux
Banking, Insurance, and Aviation business.
*Batch processing system*
In these kinds of systems, the user feeds his job into the computer and waits for the
completion of his job. New job cannot be started until the old job is not completed. So, the
jobs required to be processed are kept in ready state and whenever one job is completed
the next job is automatically taken.
This type of operating system does not interact with the computer directly. There is an
operator which takes similar jobs having the same requirement and group them into batches.
It is the responsibility of the operator to sort jobs with similar needs. Each task is given some
time to execute so that all the tasks work smoothly.
Examples: Batch based Operating System: Payroll System, Bank Statements, hospitals,
accounting etc.
*On-line Real-time system*

In these kinds of systems, the information should be retrieved quickly whenever needed and
updated immediately once a transaction is complete. There should not be any delay in the
process. Such systems are called online systems. The example for these kinds of systems
are ticket reservation systems may it be airline or railway when ticket is issued that
information is also be updated immediately.
For example: - Scientific experiments, medical imaging systems, industrial control systems,
weapon systems, robots, air traffic control systems, etc.
MS- Dos Commands

There are three types of dos commands.
System Command: - All system commands are used to start the computer. All these stores
in a floppy/ hard disk zero side, zero Track, zero Sector. Computer will read these command
auto in a floppy/ Hard disk.
Internal commands: - These internal Commands are: -
❖ Date: - Through this command we can display or change the current date in computer
system.
Syntax: - C:\>Date
The current date is (……….)
Enter new date (MM.DD.YY)
❖ Time: - It will display or change current time in the computer system.
Syntax: - C:\>Time
The current Time is (……….)
Enter new Time (HH.MM.SS)
❖ Vol (Volume): - It will display the internal volume label in a floppy/ hard disk.
Syntax: - C:\> Vol
❖ Ver (Version): - It will display the current windows version on the Dos Prompt.
Syntax: - C:\>Ver
❖ Cls (Clear Screen): - It will clear the loaded screen.
Syntax: - C:\> cls
❖ Dir: - Through this command we can display list of files and directories from a floppy/ hard
disk on the screen.
Syntax: - C:\> Dir
❖ Dir/S: - Through this command we can display all directories, sup directories and files on
the Dos Prompt.
Syntax: - C:\> Dir/S
Ctrl+c: - This shortcut is used to cancel the command.
❖ Dir/AD: - It will display only all directories in a floppy/ Hard disk on the dos prompt.
Syntax: - C:\> Dir/ad
❖ Dir/Ah: - This command is used to display all hidden files and directories on dos prompt.
Syntax: - C:\> Dir/ah
Commands of Ascending and descending order
❖ Dir/OD: - This command is used to display all files and directories ascending order by date
wise.
Syntax: - C:\> dir/od
❖ Dir/OS: - This command is used to display all files in ascending order by size wise (1 to 100).
Syntax: - C:\> Dir/os
❖ Dir/ON: - It is used to display all files and directories in ascending order by alphabate.
Syntax: - C:\> Dir/on
❖ Dir/ OE: - It is used to command file or directories ascending order by extension name.
Syntax: - Dir/OE
❖ Dir/O-D: - Through this command we can display all files and directories in descending
order to date wise.
Syntax: - C:\> Dir/O-D
❖ Dir/O-S: - Through this command we can display all files and directories in descending
order to size wise.
Syntax: - C:\> Dir/O-S
❖ Dir/O-N: - It is used to display all files and directories in descending order by Alphabets.
Syntax: - C:\> Dir/O-N
❖ Dir/O-E: - This command is used to display all files and directories in descending order to
extension name.
Syntax: - C:\> O-E
1. Copy con: - With the help of this command we can create a file and text file on the dos
prompt in Ms-Dos. It is used to create a letter, application etc.
Syntax: - C:\> Copy Con <File Name>
C:\> Copy Con Monu.Txt Ctrl+Z used to copy a file
2. Type: - Through this command we can display the internal contents in a text file.
Syntax: - C:\> Type <File Name>
C:\> Type Monu.Txt
3. Ren (Rename): - Through this command we can Rename given file name with another
given file name.
Syntax: - C:\> Ren <Old file Name> < New file>
4. Del/Erase: - With the help of this command we can delete/Erase a file and their data
permanently.
Syntex: - C:\> Del/Erase <File Ñame>
C:\> Del/Erase Sonu
5. Copy: - It will copy a file from one disk to another disk such as floppy to Hard disk, Hard
disk to floppy, Hard disk to floppy directory to Directory etc.
Syntax: - C:\> Copy File Name A:
Floppy to Hard disk
C:\> A
Syntax: - A:\> copy filename c:
Dir to dir copy
C:\Ram> copy file name C:\> dir
6. MD (Make directory): - It will create a directory and sub directory in a floppy, Hard disk.
Syntax: - C:\> MD Dir Name
7. CD (Change directory): - Through this command we can open/ close a dir an sub
directory in a floppy/Hard disk.
Syntax: - C:\> CD <Directory Name>
8. RD (Remove directory): -Through this command we can remove/ delete a directory
permanently. A directory should be empty when we remove.
Syntax: - C:\> RD <Directory Name>
9. CD\: - This command is used to come out of all directories at a time.
Syntex: - C:\Dir\Dir\Dir>
C:\>
10. CD..: - This command is used to come one by one directory at a time.
Syntex: - C:\Dir\Dir\Dir>CD...
C:\Dir\Dir>
11. Edit: - It is just like copy con command through this we can also create text file, print
a file and used another command.
Syntax: - C:\> Edit <File Name>
12. Exit: - If we want to come back to desktop or exit command prompt.
Syntax: - C:\> Exit
*External command*
External command: - All External command we are get in floppy and hard disk. There
are store in a floppy or hard disk permanently. These are required a separate file.
1. Format: - With the help of this command. We can create track and sector in a floppy/
Hard disk.
Syntax: C:\>FormatA: Insert your disk in drive A
1% Disk format
100% Disk format
Format Another (Y/N) No
2. Label: - Through this we can display change are create and delete the internal volume
label in a floppy and hard disk.
Syntax: - C:\>Label
The current volume label (IN Character)
3. Tree: - Through this we can display all files directories and sub directories with in a flow
chart.
Syntax: - C:\> tree <Dir Name>
***MS Windows (Operating System) ***

INTRODUCTION: - It is a System software and operating system. It is developed by
Micro Soft Corporation. So, it is also called MS Windows. It is a Multitasking and Multi
user operating system. Windows operating system is a Graphical User Interface (GUI). It
is very fast Procedure to transfer our data, text graphics from one computer system to
another system. It is developed by Micro soft company in U.S.A, “Bill Gates” is the owner
of the owner of the company. It is better than MS Dos. Because in this we can create our
own Image.
Microsoft Company: -
• Developed by Bill Gates in 4th April 1975
• Software Develop Company
• Main Head Quarters RADMOND, Washington (America)
• Main Work On Operating System
History of Windows: -
• Windows 1.0 (1985) • Windows ME (2000) • Windows 8 (2012)
• Windows 2.0 (1987) • Windows XP (2001) • Windows 8.1 (2013)
• Windows 3.x (1990) • Windows • Windows 10 (2015)
• Windows 95 (1995) Vista (2006)
• Windows 98 (1998) • Windows 7 (2009)
General features of windows: -

➢ GUI- Graphical user Interface
➢ Clipboard- Cut/copy and paste
➢ OLE- Object linking and Embedding
➢ Multitasking
➢ Support long file Name-
➢ Support mail system
➢ WYSIWYA- What You See Is What You Get
C.V.T: -Constant Voltage Transformer
UPS: - Uninterrupted Power Supply.
What is Multimedia?
Multimedia is a combination of text, graphic, sound, animation, and video that is delivered
interactively to the user by electronic or digitally manipulated means.
There are 5 Element of Multimedia.

1.TEXT 2. AUDIO 3. GRAPHIC 4. ANIMATION 5. VIDEO
BASIC
TOURBLE
SHOOTING
***Troubleshooting***
Troubleshooting is the process of diagnosing the source of a problem.
It is used to fix problems with hardware, software, and many other
products.
OR
Troubleshooting is a systematic process used to locate the cause of a

fault in a computer system and correct the relevant hardware and
software issues.
The troubleshooting process steps are as follows:
• Step 1. Identify the problem.

• Step 2. Gather information.
• Step 3. Develop a Solution.
• Step 4. Implement the solution.
• Step 5. Is the Problem Solved? * If No (Repeat 1-4 steps)
* If Yes (Proceed 6 Steps)
• Step 6. Document findings, actions, and outcomes.
*****IMPORTANT QUESTIONS C.F, O.S AND B.T.S*****

Qus:1 Write down the (COMPUTER) full form
Qus:2 Write down the definition of (COMPUTER)
Qus:3 Write down the 3 Input device and 3 Output devices
Qus:4 What is software? How many types of software and write down the name?
Qus:5 What is Mouse How many types of Mouse and write down the name?
Qus:6 What is Printer? How many types of Printer and write down the name?
Qus:7 What are the basic operations performed by a computer?
Qus:8 What is operating system? What are the different types of operating system?
Qus:9 What is difference between input device and output device?
Qus:10 What is computer? What are its applications?
Qus:11 What is the difference between Data and Information?
Qus:12 What is recycle bin? How do you restore files from recycle bin?
Qus:13 What is the difference between decimal number system and binary number system?
Qus:14 What is the difference between File and Folder?
Qus:15 Difference between Multiprogramming and Multitasking?
Qus:16 What is difference between CD and DVD?
Qus:17 What is the basic troubleshooting?
Qus:18 What is Memory and its types explain it?
Qus:19 What is the Difference between RAM and ROM?
Qus:20 What is Number System And its types?
NEW CTRL+N FIND NEXT F3 JUSTIFY CTRL+J

FILE
OPEN CTRL+O REPLACE CTRL+H BOLD CTRL+B
FILE
SAVE CTRL+S GO TO CTRL+G ITALIC CTRL+I
FILE
CUT CTRL+X TIME & F5 UNDERLINE CTRL+U
DATE
COPY CTRL+C SELECT CTRL+A NEW FOLDER CTRL+SHIFT+N
ALL
PASTE CTRL+V RUN WIN+R PARMANENT SHIFT+DEL
DELETE
UNDO CTRL+Z MY WIN+E WINDOW LOCK WIN+L
COMPUTER
REDO CTRL+Y LEFT CTRL+L REFRESH F5
ALIGN
DELETE DEL RIGHT CTRL+R PRINT CTRL+P
ALIGN
FIND CTRL+F CENTRE CTRL+E HELP F1
ALIGN
MS WORD
*INTRODUCTION OF MS-WORD: - It is an application software. It is using to prepare

documentation. It is a word processor in which letters application phrase and other matter
can be prepared. In other words, M.S. Word is the part of M.S. office package. Which is
developed by Microsoft Corporation. A file in M.S. Word is called document. Which
contains many pages & users can insert pages as many required.
❖ How to Start MS-WORD 2013: -
o Step 1: - Click on the Start Button
o Step 2: - Click on the All Program
o Step 3: - Click on the Microsoft Office 2013
o Step 4: - Click on the MS-Word 2013
o Step 5: - Blank Document
❖ Executable file name of MS-WORD:- WINWORD
❖ Extension file name of MS-WORD:- .docx
Feature of MS-WORD: -
1. To check the spell & grammar.
2. To insert border & shadow around the pages.
3. To insert heading, numbering and bullets.
4. To create a free hand drawing.
5. To insert table.
6. To change selected text according to case wise (lower case, upper case, title case,
sentence case).
7. We can apply mail Marge command.
❖ FOR SOME WORK To Use M.S. Word To Creating Document.
Resume Personal Letter Head
Letter Student's Report
Event Menu Cover Letter
Visiting Card Company Letter
Thank you, Card, Business Card & Letter
Greeting Card News Letter
Shortcut Key for fresh documents file. Character formatting

New Document Ctrl+N Bold Ctrl+B
Open Document Ctrl+O, Ctrl+F12 Italic Ctrl+I
Save document Ctrl+S Underline Ctrl+U
Save As F12 Double Underline Ctrl+Shift+D
Print Document Ctrl+P Word Underline Ctrl+Shift+W
Print Preview Ctrl+F2 All Capital Ctrl+Shift+A
Close file Ctrl+W Small Capital Ctrl+Shift+K
Paragraph Formatting Toggle Case Shift + F3
Left Alignment Ctrl+L Hidden Text Ctrl+Shift+H
Right Alignment Ctrl+R SubScript Ctrl+=
Center Alignment Ctrl+E SuperScript Ctrl+Shift++
Justify Ctrl+J Change Font Ctrl+Shift+F
Increase Indent Ctrl+M Grow Font Ctrl+Shift+>, Ctrl+]
Decrease Indent Ctrl+Shift+M Shrink Font Ctlr+Shift+<, Ctrl+ [
Single line Spacing Ctrl+1 Remove formatting Ctrl+SpaceBar
Double Line Spacing Ctrl+2 Navigation
1.5 Line Spacing Ctrl+5 Start Document Ctrl+Home
Add, Remove Space Ctrl+0 End Document Ctrl+End
Paragraph Ctrl+Q Start of Line Home
formatting remove
Text Editing End of Line End
Cut Ctrl+X Page Up Page Up
Copy Ctrl+C Down Screen Page Down
Paste Ctrl+V Go To Ctrl+G & F5
Formatting Copy Ctrl+Shift+C Tools
Formatting Paste Ctrl+Shift+V Help F1
Undo Ctrl+Z Spelling Check F7
Redo Ctrl+Y Thesaurus Shift+F7
Find Ctrl+F
Replace Ctrl+H
Text Selection
Start Selection Shift+Navigation
keys
All Document Ctrl+A
GICE COMPUTER EDUCATION PURANI SARAI RAVIDAS MARG NARNAUL CONT: 01282-
252667
*****IMPORTANT QUESTIONS MS-WORD*****
Qus.1 What is Copy, Cut & Paste?
Qus.2 What is format painter?
Qus.3 What is minimum, maximum & by default font size?
Qus.4 What is font family by default?
Qus.5 What is paragraph?
Qus.6 How many types of Alignment in M.S. word? By default, Alignment?
Qus.7 How many types of list in M.S. Word?
Qus.8 How many Headings in M.S. word?
Qus.9 What is Find & Replace?
Qus.10 What is Undo & Redo?
Qus.11 What is Table?
Qus.12 How many types of smart art graphics?
Qus.13 How many types of Chart?
Qus.14 What is the Hyperlink?
Qus.15 What is Bookmark?
Qus.16 What is Cross Reference?
Qus.17 What is Header?
Qus.18 What is Footer?
Qus.19 What is Drop Cap?
Qus.20 What is the size of Drop cap?
Qus.21. What is Hyphenation?
Qus.22. What is the by default margin of a document?
Qus.23 How many orientations in M.S. Word?
Qus.24 What is the difference between “lower case” and “Sentence case”?
Qus.25. What is difference between header and footer?
Qus.26. What is mail-merge and how to use it?
Qus.27 What is hyperlink in HTML? Explain the two types of link?
Qus.28 What is page orientation? Explain the two types of pages orientation
Qus.29 What is the difference between Endnote and a footnote?
Qus.30What is the difference between normal view and outline view?
Qus.31 How to indent are use in M.S. Word?
Qus.32 How many types of Indent in M.S. Word?
Qus.33 What is the difference between Save and Save As?
GICE COMPUTER EDUCATION PURANI SARAI RAVIDAS MARG NARNAUL CONT: 01282-
252667
MS
POWERPOINT
MS POWERPOINT: - Microsoft PowerPoint is an application software. For using to

create an electronic presentation consisting of series of separate pages or slides.
• Presentation package
• By default (Title slide)
• Zoom Max (400%) Min (10%) By Default (10%)
• Max font size (4000) Min (1) Tool box(8 to 96)
Qus.1 How many tabs are present in MS-POWERPOINT (2013)
There are 9 tabs are present in MS-POWERPOINT (2013)
1. FILE 6. ANIMATION
2. HOME 7. SLIDE SHOW
3. INSERT 8. REVIEW
4. DESIGN 9. VIEW
5. TRANSISTION
Qus.2 What is Design tabs?
The design tabs contain commands related to the appearance of our slides like page setup
and orientation.
Qus.3 What is Slide Transition Effect?
In Microsoft PowerPoint, slide transitions are motion effects that occur in Slide Show
view when you move from one slide to the next during a presentation. You can control the
speed, add sound, and even customize the properties of transition effects.
Qus.4 What is Animation Effect?
PowerPoint animation is a form of animation which uses Microsoft PowerPoint and
similar programs to create a game or movie. The artwork is generally created
using PowerPoint's AutoShape features, and then animated slide-by-slide or by using
Custom Animation.
Qus.5 How many views in PPT? And write down the names?
Presentation Views
i. Normal view iv. Notes page view
ii. Outline view v. Reading view
iii. Slide shorter view
Master View iii. Notes Master view
i. Slide Master view
ii. Handout Master view
Qus.6 How you can set password in PowerPoint 2013?
To set a password in power point
• Go to File > Click on Info
• Click on protect presentation
• Under which there is an option, “Encrypt with Password”, click on it
• Hit “OK” once you enter the password
• Now it will again ask to Re-enter the password
• OK Exit
Qus.7 Can we make PowerPoint slides into PDF files in PowerPoint 2013?
To convert PowerPoint slides into PDF files select
File à Export à Create PDF/XPS document. Click the create PDF/XPS button.
Qus.8 How you can insert online video in PowerPoint 2013?

To insert online video in PowerPoint,
• Go to à Insert
• At the end of Insert menu, you see an option Video, click on it
• Click on online Video, and you can upload video
• You can upload video from Facebook account, by clicking on the Facebook icon
Qus9. What are the benefits to use slide shorter view?
In Slide Sorter view in PowerPoint, you can see all of the slides in your presentation laid
out as thumbnail pictures.
Shortcut Key for fresh Presentation Duplicate Slide Ctrl+D

file.
Open Ctrl+O&Ctrl+F12 Beginning Slide Show F5
presentation
New Ctrl+N Current Slide Show Shift+F5
presentation
New Slide Ctrl+M End Slide Show Esc
*****IMPORTANT QUESTIONS MS-PowerPoint*****

Qus.1 What is different between slide sorter view and slide show view?
Qus.2 What is different between animation and transition?
Qus.3 What are the different views in power point presentation? Explain.
Qus.4 What is the difference between slide and slide master?
Qus.5 What is Placeholders?
Qus.6 How is PowerPoint useful?
Qus.7 What is a slide?
Qus.8 What is a placeholder?
Qus.9 What is a slide show?
Qus.10 What is triggers?
Qus.11 What is the Transition?
Qus.12 What is the Animation Effect?
Qus.13 What is the use of the “Hide slide” option?
Qus.14 What is the different ways to run a presentation on the screen?
Qus.15 How many tabs are present in the PowerPoint 2013?
Qus.16 Can we make PowerPoint slides into PDF files in PowerPoint 2013
Qus.17 How many views in this in the PowerPoint, write down the names?
MS EXCEL
MS Excel Introduction
MS Excel Is A Powerful Spreadsheet Software Program. That Allows You to Make Quick
And Accurate Numerical Calculation.
Executable File Name – Excel Rows – 1048576
Extension File Name - .XLSX Column – 16384
8 Tabs in Excel 2013 Total Cell -17179869184
By Default, Font Style – Calibri Last Column – XFD
By Default, Font Style – 11 By Default, Zoom Area – 100%
Maximum Font Size – 409 Maximum Zoom Area – 400%
Minimum Font Size – 1 Minimum Zoom Area – 10%
By default, Sheet= Sheet1
Uses of Ms Excel: -
1. In Education (Table Styles, Charts, Formulas To Teach Students)
2. In Business (Income, Expenses Calculation, Logical & Financial Formulas)
3. Daily Progress Report
4. For Housewives
5. Business Owner
6. Data Analysis (Calculation, Account)
Q.1 – Ms Excel Introduction
Ms Excel is a powerful spread sheet software program. That allows you to make quick
and accurate numerical calculation.
Q.2 – What is function? And its types.
Function are pre-defined formulas are already available in excel.
• Financial • Text • Autosum
• Math • Date & Time
• Logical • Look up & Reference
Q.3 – What is Cell reference and its types?
A cell reference refers to a cell on a worksheet and can be used in a formula.
There are three types of cell reference
1. Relative reference, change when a formula is copied to another cell
Relative Example = A2 + B2
2. Absolute reference on the other hand remain constant no matter
Absolute Example = $A$2+$B$2
3. Mixed reference
A mixed reference is a reference that refer to a specific row or column
Mixed Example = A2 + $B$2
Q.4 – How many operators in MS Excel?
4 types of operator
1. Arithmetic operator 3. Text operator
2. Relational operator 4. Reference operator
❖ Arithmetic operator:-
Name Symbol Example
Addition + 5+5
Subtract - 5-5
Divide / 5/5
Multiple * 5*5
Exponension ^ 5^2= 25
❖ Relational operator:-
Name Symbol Example
Equal = 5=5
Not equal to <> 6<>9
Less than < 4<9
Greater than > 9>4
Less than or equal to <= 5<=5
Greater than equal to >= 5>=5
❖ Text operator
= “Gice” & “Computer”
❖ Reference operators
o Colon Reference ( : ) =Sum(A2:A4)
o Comma Reference ( , ) =Sum(A1,A2)
***Formulas***
****Mathematical and statistical function****
=Sum ()
It is a mathematical function used to add the numeric value in a range of cell.
Syntax: =Sum (Range)
=Average ()
It calculates and returns the average of the numeric values in the range of cells. It is a statically
function
Syntax: =Average (range)
=Min ()
The function returned the lowest value in the range
Syntax: =min (range)
=Max ()
The function returned the largest value in the cells range.
Syntax: =max (range)
=Maxifs()
MAXIFS function returns the largest numeric value that meets one or more criteria in a range
of values
Syntax: =maxifs(max_range,criteria_range1,criteria1,.......)
Syntax: =max(if(range=criteria,maxrange)) {ctrl+shift+enter }
=Minifs()
MINIIFS function returns the smallest numeric value that meets one or more criteria in a range
of values
Syntax: =minifs(min_range,criteria_range1,criteria1,.......)
Syntax: =mini(if(range=criteria,minirange)) {ctrl+shift+enter }
=Count ()
This function counts the number of cells that contains number as well as the number of
arguments that contains number
Syntax: =count (range)
=CountA ()
The function counts the number of cells they are not empty in the range. It is a statistical function
Syntax: =countA(range)
=CountBlank ()
The function counts number of empty cells in range of cells with are totally blank. No text and
no number contain. It is a statistical function.
Syntax: =countblank(range)
=CountIf ()
The function is used for counts the number of cells in a range that’s meets a single or
multiple criteria.
= Countifs()
Counts the number of cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria
Syntax: =Countifs(criteria_range1,criteria1......)
=Rank ()
The function calculates the position of the value in a list relative to other values in the list.
Syntax: =Rank (number, rank,order)
=Large ()
Large function returns Nth largest value from an range of data.
Syntax: =Large (range, Nth )
=Small ()
Small function returns Nth smallest value from a range.
Syntax: =Small (range, Nth )
=Median ()
The median is number in the middle of a set of number
Syntax: =median(range)
****Text function****
=Concatenate ()
This function is used to combine two or more words into one item.
Syntax: =concatenate(range)
=Find ()
It is used to return the position of a specific character or substring within a text string.
Syntax: =Find (find text, with in text, start number)
=Dollar ()
Dollar function convert a number to text, using a currency format.
Syntax: =Dollar (range, decimal number)
=Length ()
This function helps you to count the number of characters from text
Syntax: =Len(range)
=Left ()
The left function return the specified number of character from the side of a text string.
If the number is not specified it return the first character.
Syntax: =left (string, number)
=Right ()
The right function returns the specified number of character from the right side of a text
string
If the number is not specified it return the last character.
Syntax: =right(string, number)
=Mid ()
This function returns a specified number of character starting from a specified position in a
text string.
Syntax: =mid (string, start no, end no.)
=Proper ()
This function converts the first letter on each word in a text string to upper case and
remaining letter to lower case.
Syntax: =proper(range)
=Upper ()
This function converts all lowercase letter in a text string to uppercase.
Syntax: =upper(text)
=Lower ()
This function converts all uppercase letter in a text string to lowercase.
Syntax: =lower(text)
=Rept ()
This function repeats the given text in a specified number of times.
Syntax: =Rept (string, no. of repeat)
****Date & time function****

=Now ()
This function is used to insert current date and time and returns the serial number of current
date & time.
Syntax: =now ()
=Today ()
This function is used to insert currant date
Syntax: =today ()
=Day ()
Returns the day of a date represent by a serial number day is given as an integer between 1
to 31
Syntax, =day (serial number)
=Days () =>Return the number of day between two dates
Syntax: =days (end date, start date)
=Hour () =>Returns the hour as a number form.
Syntax: =hour (serial number)
=Minute () =>Returns the minute a number from 0 to 59
Syntax: =minute (serial number)
=Month () =>Returns the month a number from 1 jan to 31 dec
Syntax: =month (serial number)
=Second () =>Returns the second a number from 0 to 59
Syntax: =second (serial number)
=Time ()
Converts hours, minute, second given as number to an excel serial number formatted with
a format.
Syntax: =time (hour, minute, second)
=Datedif ()
This function counts the years months and days between the two values.
Syntax: =datedif (start date, end date, method)
“y” = year “m”= month “d”= days “ym”=month “md”= days
****LOGICAL FUNCTION****
=IF () This function is used when a condition is meet and returns one value if true, and
another value is false
Syntax: =if (logical value,[value if true],[value if false])
A = 50 B=200
=AND ()
T T= T
T F= F
F T= F
F F= F
Syntax: =And (Logical1, Logical2,….)
=OR ()
T T= T =NOT ()
T F= T T=F
F T= T F=T
F F= F SYNTAX: =NOT (Logical Test)
SYNTAX: =OR (Logical1,Logical 2,…..)
=IF (OR(LOGICAL1, TRUE,IF(LOGICAL,TRUE,IF(LOGICAL,TRUE,FALSE)))
This function IF(OR ()) is used when one condition will be right then return true and both
value are false the result gave false
=IF (AND(LOGICAL1, TRUE,IF(LOGICAL,TRUE,IF(LOGICAL,TRUE,FALSE)))
This function IF(AND ()) is used when on condition will be false then return false and both
value are false the result gave false.
=IF(NOT(LOGICAL1) [VALUE IF TRUE],[VALUE IF FALSE])
This function IF(NOT ()) is used when one condition will be true then return false, and when
value will false then result will be true and both value are false the result gave false.
=NESTED IF ()
The if function in excel can be nested when you have multiple condition to meet. The false
value is being replaced by another function to make a further test.
Syntax:
=IF (LOGICAL, “T”,IF(LOGICAL, “T”,IF(LOGICAL, “T”, “F”)))
=IFERROR()
The Excel IFERROR function returns a custom result when a formula generates an error,
and a standard result when no error is detected.
Syntax: =IFERROR(value,value_if_error)
****MATHS & TRIGNOMATRIC FUNCTION****
=SUMIF () Add the cells specified by a give condition or criteria

Syntax =SUMIF (RANGE, CRITERIA, RANGE SUM)
=SUMIFS() Add the cells specified by a given set of conditions or criteria
Syntax: =Sumifs(sum range, criteria_range1,criteria,...........)
=SUMPRODUCT() Returns the sum of the product of corresponding range or arrays
Syntax: =SUMPRODUCT (number1, number2)
=MOD () Returns the remainder after a number is divided by a divisor
Syntax: =MOD (number, divisor)
=Quotient ()
Excel QUOTIENT function returns the result of integer division without the remainder.
Syntax: =Quotient (numerator, denominator)
=POWER () Returns the result of a number raised to a power.
Syntax: =POWER (number, Power)
=PRODUCT () Multiple all the numbers given as arguments.
Syntax: =PRODUCT (Number1, Number2)
=ABS ()
Returns the absolute value of a number the absolute value of a number is the number without
its sign. Syntax: =ABS (-ve number)
****FINANCIAL FUNCTION****
=DB () DEPRICIATION
Return the depreciation of an assets for a specified period using the fixed declining balance.
Syntax: =DB (COST, SALVAGE, PERIOD/LIFE, and YEAR)
Salvage – current value
Item cost salvage life/period
Life/period – ककतनी परु ानी है।
5000 2000 5
=DB (5000, 2000, 5, year) Computer
=PMT ()
Calculates the payment for a loan based on constant payments a constant interest rate
Syntax, =PMT (RATE, NPER, PV)
PV – Present value
NPER- ककतनी ककस्त
RATE – ब्याज
=IPMT ()
Returns the interest payment for a given period for an investment based on periodic,
constant payments and a constant interest rate.
Syntax, =IPMT (RATE, PER, NPER, PV)
PER - कौन सा मकहना या साल
NPER - ककतनी ककस्त
=PPMT ()
Returns the principal payment for a given period for an investment based on periodic,
constant payments and a constant principal rate.
Syntax, =PPMT (RATE, PER, NPER, PV)
=PV ()
Returns the present value of investment the total amount that a series of future payments is
worth now.
=PV (RATE, NPER, PMT)
=FV ()
Returns the future value of an investment based on periodic constant payment and a constant
interest rate.
=FV (RATE, NPER, PMT)
****LOOKUP & REFERENCE ****

=HLOOKUP ()
Looks for value in the top row of a table or array of values and return the value in the same
column from a row you specify.
Syntax: =Hookup (lookup value, table array, row index number, o)
Name Ram Mohan Kunal Sohan

City Nnl Nnl Rewari Delhi
Id 101 102 103 104
Name Ram Mohan Kunal Sohan

RAM =HLOOKUP ()
=VLOOKUP ()
Looks for a value in the left most column of a table and return a value in the same row from
a column you specify.
Syntax: =Vookup (lookup value, table array, Column index number, o)
Name City Id
Ram Nnl 101
Mohan Delhi 102
Name City Id
Ram =Vlookup() =Vlookup ()
=Rows () This function returns the number of a row in reference.
Syntax: =Rows (array)
=Columns () This function returns the no. of a column in a reference.
Syntax: =Columns (array)
=Row () Returns the row no. of an array.
Syntax: =Row (array)
=Column () Return the column no. of array.
Syntax: =Column (array)
COMMISION FORMULA
Multiply our commission rate by our commission base for the period to calculate your
commission payment.
Rupees =1000
Commission =50%
=1000*50%
=500
BASIC SALARY
Basic salary is the amount paid to an employee before any extra are added or taken off, such
as reduction because of salary sacrifice schemes or an increase due to overtime or a bonus.
SR.NO NAME Basic PF TA DA HRA GROSS

salary SALARY
1 RAM 5000 500 200 500 500 SUM
TA-Travelling Allowance
DA- Dearness Allowance
PF- Provident Fund
HRA- House Rent Allowance
Qus:1 What is Microsoft Excel?

Qus.2 What is function and its types?
Qus.3 What is Cell Reference and its types?
Qus.4 What is Operator and its types?
Qus.5 Explain with example any 2 “text functions” in Excel?
Qus.6 How many any five mathematical function in excel?
Qus.7 What is MS-EXCEL? Explain any four functions used in MS-EXCEL?
Qus.8 What is Spreadsheet?
Qus.9 How many data formats are available in Excel? Name some of them
Qus.10 What is Freeze Panes in MS-Excel?
Qus.11 What are cells?
Qus.12 What are charts in MS Excel?
Qus.13 What is merge and center?
Qus.14 What is wrap text in excel?
Qus.15 What is pivot table in excel?
Qus.16 What is sparkline chart in excel?
Qus.17 What is print titles in excel?
Qus.18 What is scenarios manager in excel?
Qus.19 What is goal Seek in excel?
*INTERNET*
E-GOVERNANCE
&
SMART PHONE USING
Q.1 What is Internet?
Ans. The internet is a “Network of networks”. It is a global collection of high-powered
computers that are connected to each other with network cables, telephone lines, microwave
dishes and satellites etc. OR
Internet is the connection of two or more computer is known as internet.
INTER: - International
NET: - Network of computer
Q.2 Advantages of Internet?
Ans: -
1). Communication: - E-mail, Chatting, SMS(Short Message Service)
2). E-Commerce: - E-Banking, E-Ticketing, E-Shopping
3). Information: - Google, Yahoo, Bing
4). Entertainment: -Online Games, Movies, Songs.
5). E-Governance: - Online Government project like :- UIDAI, PAN card.
Q.3 Disadvantages of Internet?
Ans.
1). Virus 3). Information Theft
2). Hacking
Q.4 Old name of Internet?
Ans: - ARPANET (Sept-1969)
Advance (America) Research Project Agency Network
{Some Full Form}

WWW - World Wide Web Or W3 (Collection of websites)
HTTP - Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
Websites - Collection of Web Pages
Surfing - Any work to internet known as Surfing
Browsers - Software Platforms of Websites
ISP - Internet Service Provider (BSNL, IDEA, AIRTEL Etc.)
TCP/IP - Transfer Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
HTML - Hyper Text Markup Language (Making For webpages)
URL - Uniform Resource Language
Modem - Process Signals (A To D) (D To A)
Mo- Modulation and Dem- Demodulation
ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
PAN - Personal Area Network
LAN - Local Area Network
MAN - Metropolitan Area Network
WAN - Wide Area Network
SLIP - Serial Line Input Protocol
PPP - Point to Point Protocol
FTP - File Transfer Protocol
DNS - Domain Names System
ATM - Automated tailor Machine
VIRUS - Vital Information Resources Under Siege
Wi-Fi - Wireless Fidelity
USB - Universal Serial Bus
FM - Frequency Module
SIM - Subscribe Identification Module
QR - Quick Response
PSK - Passport Seva Kendra
P2P - Peer 2 Peer
PPP - Point To Point Protocols
PHP - Personal Home Page
UPI - Unified Payment Interface
PDF - Portable Document Format
UIDAI - Unique Identification Authority of India
PNR - Passenger Name Record
NVSP - National Voter Service Portal
ISRO - Indian Space Research Organization
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space Administration
LLL - Low Level Language
HLL - High Level Language
HDMI - High Definition Multimedia Interface
EPIC - Electronic Photo Identity Card
CBT - Computer Base Test
GOOGLE - Global Organization Oriented Group Language of Earth
ISDN - Integrated Service Digital Network
SMTP - Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
** Founder of internet (Robert E. Khan Or Vint Cerf) **

** Founder of GOOGLE (Larry Peage Sergey Brin)**
** Founder of Flipkart (Sachin Bansal or Binney Bansal) **
** Founder of YOUTUBE (Chad Hurley, Steve Chen, and Jawed Karim) **
** India first Internet Provided by Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited in 1995**
Q.5What is Network? And its Type?

Ans. The internet mainly connects networks of computers. In a cooperate wide network,
each department has a local Area Network that allows sharing of files, database, printers
and other peripheral devices.
Several department working together interconnects their networks so that the information
may be shared more easily among the departments.
There is the following type of Networks?
LAN- A LAN is a computer network in a small area like a home, office, school to share
information and internet. (Ex- Ethernet, Wi-Fi)
MAN- A Metropolitan Area Network is a computer network that interconnects users with
computer resources in a geographic area or region larger than that covered by even a large
local area network but smaller than the area covered by a wide area network.
(Ex- backbone lines)
WAN- A WAN (wide area network) is a communications network that spans a large
geographic area such as across cities, states, or countries. ... The internet is a WAN because,
through the use of ISPs, it connects lots of smaller local area networks (LANs) or metro
area networks (MANs). (ex: - Internet)
Q.6 What is ISP?
Ans. An Internet service provider (ISP) is a company that provides customers with Internet
access. Data may be transmitted using several technologies, including dial-up, DSL, cable
modem, wireless or dedicated high-speed interconnects.
Q.7 What is Modem?
Ans. Modem is short for "Modulator / Demodulator." It is a hardware component that
allows a computer to connect to the Internet. It converts or "modulates" an analog signal
from a telephone or cable wire to a digital signal. Similarly, it converts outgoing digital data
from a computer or other device to an analog signal.
Q.8 What is Web Browsers?
Ans. The web browsers are software application which allow the customers to open and
read HTML, PHP and other scripting languages on their computers.
Q.9 What is HTTP?
Ans. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) is the set of rules for transferring files (text,
graphic images, sound, video, and other multimedia files) on the World Wide Web.
Q.10 What is URL?
Ans. URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator and is used to specify addresses on
the World Wide Web. (Example: - http://google.com)
Q.11 What is Search Engine?
Ans: - Search engine is a service that allows Internet users to search for content via the
World Wide Web (WWW).
It is a software system that is designed to search for information on the world wide web.
Q.12 What is E-Mail?
Ans. E-Mail short for electronic mail on a computer that is exchanged between two users
over, telecommunication.
E-Mail is a message that may contain text, files, Images or the attachments.
First E-Mail is sent by (Ray Tomlinson in 1971)
Q.13 History of Internet?
Ans. Internet started with the ARPANET and a few resourceful computer scientists to share
files among people working on similar projects. ARPA is the acronym for Advanced
Research Projects Agency of the United States. Department of defense.
Q.14 What is World Wide Web?
Ans. The Web, or World Wide Web (W3), is basically a system of Internet servers that
support specially formatted documents. The documents are formatted in a markup language
called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) that supports links to other documents, as
well as graphics, audio, and video files.
Q.15 What is TCP/IP?
Ans. TCP/IP, or the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol, is a suite of
communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet.
Q.16 What is DNS?
Ans. The domain name system (DNS) Every computer on the internet has both the domain
name and IP Address. When a domain name is used a domain name server translates that
names to the corresponding IP Address.
. Com - Commercial . Org - Organization

. Edu - Education . In - India
. Gov - Government
Q.17 What is host name?
Ans. Host name is the names of computer. A host name is a symbolic name a network
administrator assigns to a machine.
Q.18 What is cookies?
Ans. Cookies are messages that web servers pass to your web browser when you
visit Internet sites. Your browser stores each message in a small file, called cookie.txt.
Q.19 What is Firewall?
Ans. The Importance of having Firewalls! Firewall is a software or hardware device that
protects your computer from being attacked over the internet by hackers, viruses, and
worms.
Q.20 What is virus? What are the different types of virus?
Ans. A computer virus is a program or piece of code that is loaded onto your computer
without your knowledge and runs against your wishes. Viruses can also replicate
themselves. All computer viruses are man-made.
1). Boot Sector Virus 3). Resident Virus
2). Web Scripting Virus 4).Macro Virus.
GOOGLE RECHARGE ONLINE SHOOPING BILL PAY
1. MAP 1. PHONE PAY 1. FLIPKART 1. DHBVN
2. GMAIL 2. PAYTM 2. AMAZON 2. PHED
3. DRIVE 3. FREE CHARGE 3. SNAPDEAL
4. PHOTOS 4. GOOGLE PAY
5. CONTATS
6. YOUTUBE
DOCUMENT
TICKETING JOB SEARCH DOCUMENTS
CHECK
1. RED BUS 1.FREE JOB ALERT 1. PAN CARD 1. LICENSE
2. HR BUS 2.SARKARI RESULT 2. VOTER CARD 2. RC STATUS
3. MAKE MY TRIP 3. HSSC 3. PASSPORT
4. IRCTC 4. SSC 4. DL
5. UPSC
NEWS PAPER DOWNLOAD FORM FILLING APP DWNLD
1.E- 1.PDF BOOKS 1.HSSC 1.MOBILE
PAPERDAINIKBSKR 2. MP3 SONG 2. SSC 2. DESKTOP
2.E-
3. MP4 SONG 3. SARKARI RESULT 3. LAPTOP
PAPERHARIBOOMI
3.E-
PAPERUMARULA
WIKIPEDIA LANG TRANSLATE DIGILOCKER MONEY TRFS
1.INFORMATION GOOGLE 1.DWNLD 11 MKST 1.PHONE PAY
SEARCH TRANSALTE 2. DWNLD 12 MKST 2.GOOGLE PAY
HINDI TO ENGLISH 3. AADHAR CARD 3. INTERNET
BANKING
SOCIAL MEDIA BOOKING ONLINE FIR ONLINE TEST
1.WHATS APP 1.MOVIES 1.ONLINE FIR 1.SSC
2. FACEBOOK 2.HP, BHARAT GAS http://haryanapolice 2. HSSC
3. TWITTER online.gov.in/ 3. COMP. TEST
1.PHOTO DESIZE 1.CONNECT TO THE 1. FORMAT CONVERT

2. MOBILE LOCKS BLUETOOTH ONLINE WORD TO PDF
3. ATM CARD USE 2. TRAIN AND MANY MORE
4. USB CABLE TRACKING ONLINE
CONNECT TO THE 3. ONLINE
COMPUTER HOSPITAL
5. CONNECT TO APPOINTMENT
THE HOTSPOT
Introduction
Electronic governance or e-governance is the application of information and
communication technology (ICT) for delivering government services,
Or
ई- गवर्नेंस का मतलब होता है, सभी प्रकार के सरकारी काम काजो को Online Service के जररए जर्नता
ुं ार्ना| जजससे जर्नता के समय की बचत हो और उन्हें सरकारी कायाालय के चक्कर काटर्ने की जरुरत र्ना पड़े|
तक पहच
देखा जाए तो सरकारी काम इतर्ना बढ़ गया है, की एक Normal इस
ुं ार्न को समझ र्नहीं आता की वह क्या करे
और वो इससे बहत परेशार्न हो जाता है| इसी जलए सरकार र्ने e-governance को बढ़ावा जदया है, जजसके
जर्नता को मदद जमल सके |
❖ Exchange of information
1. government-to-citizen (G2C) 3. government-to-government (G2G)
2. government-to-business (G2B) 4. government-to-employees (G2E)
State Data Centres (SDCs)

State Wide Area Networks (S.W.A.N)
Common Services Centres (CSCs)
National e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway (NSDG)
State e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway (SSDG)
Mobile e-Governance Service Delivery Gateway (MSDG).
❖ State Data Centres: -

(SDC) are multiple data centers set up in various states of India to provide
fundamental IT infrastructure for various eGovernance programs being run as part
of National eGovernance Plan of India
❖ SWAN (State Wide Area Network):-
A State Wide Area Network (SWAN) is one of the core infrastructure components under
the National e-Governance Plan of the Government of India. The main purpose of this
network is to create a dedicated Closed User Group (CUG) network Government
functioning and connecting State Headquarters, District Headquarters, Blocks
Headquarters.
• Scope of E-Governance
Governance is all about flow of information between the Government and Citizens,
Government and Businesses and Government and Government. E-Governance also covers
all these relationships as follows:
A. Government to Citizen (G2C) C. Government to Government (G2G)
B. Government to Employee D. Government to Business (G2B)
❖ Government to Citizen: -
Government to Citizen Relationship is the most basic aspect of E-Governance. The relation
of a citizen with the Government starts with the birth and ends with the death of the citizen.
May it be birth registration, marriage registration, divorce or death registration?
1. E-Citizenship 5. E-Education
2. E-Registration 6. E-Help
3. E-Transportation 7. E-Taxation
4. E-Health
जी 2 सी यार्नी सरकार से र्नागररक, यह सरकार और आम जर्नता के बीच बातचीत को जी 2 सी कहते
है। यहाुं एक प्रजकया सरकार और र्नागररकों के बीच स्थाजपत जक गई है, जजससे र्नागररक जवजभन्र्न प्रकार
की सावाजजर्नक सेवाओ ुं तक पहच ुं सकते हैं। र्नागररकों को जकसी भी समय, कहीं भी सरकारी र्नीजतयों पर
अपर्ने जवचारों और जशकायतों को साझा करर्ने की स्वतुंत्रता है।
❖ Government to Government: -
G2G relationship would include the relationships between Central and State Government
and also the relationship between two or more Government departments.
1. E-administration 2. E-police 3. E-courts
जी 2 जी यार्नी सरकार से सरकार, जब सूचर्ना और सेवाओ ुं का आदार्न-प्रदार्न सरकार की पररजि में होता
है, इसे जी 2 जी इटुं रै क्शर्न कहा जाता है| यह जवजभन्र्न सरकारी सस्ुं थाओ ुं और राष्ट्रीय, राज्य और स्थार्नीय
सरकारी सुंस्थाओ ुं के बीच और इकाई के जवजभन्र्न स्तरों के बीच काया करता है।
❖ Government to Business
G2B (Government to Business) is a term that refers to the relationships between organizations
(subjects) of public administration and enterprises (businesses).
1. E-Taxation 2. E-Licensing 3. E-Tendering
जी 2 बी के अुंतगात देश के व्यापाररयों की ई-गवर्नेंस की सजु विा दी जाती है. इस सजु विा के अुंतगात
व्यापारी घर पर बैठे ही कई सरकारी कामों को आसार्नी से कर सकते हैं. जैसे रे ज गुं लाइसेंस के जलए
आवेदर्न करर्ना, सरकार द्वारा व्यापारों के जलए चलाई गई जकसी भी योजर्ना की जार्नकारी, वैट के जलए
पुंजीकरण करवार्ना हो और इत्याजद. ऐसा करर्ने से व्यापारों के समय की बचत होती है.
❖ Government to Employee
Government-to-employees (abbreviated G2E) is the online interactions through instantaneous
communication tools between government units and their employees. ... G2E services also include
software for maintaining personal information and records of employees.
जी 2 ई में सरकारी कममचारी से सरकार आसानी से संपकम कर सकती है . सरकार के ककसी भी विभाग से जड
ु े कममचारी को उस
विभाग से जुडी जानकारी उस विभाग की िेबसाइट के जररए मह
ु ै या करिा जाती है .
Communication
Skills
INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION
The word ‘Communication’ comes from the Latin word commūnicāre, meaning ‘to share’. In
Figure 1.1, you can see that communication is the ‘sharing’ of information between two or
more individuals or within a group to reach a common understanding.
Importance of communication
Your ability to communicate clearly and share thoughts, feelings and ideas will help you in all
your relationships.
• Inform (सूजचत करर्ना): You may be required to give facts or information to someone. For
example, communicating the timetable of an exam to a friend.
• Influence(प्रभाव): You may be required to influence or change someone in an indirect but
usually important way. For example, negotiating with a shopkeeper to reduce the price
or helping a friend to overcome stress due to exam or any other reason.
• Express feelings (भावर्नाओ ुं को व्यक्त करो:): Talking about your feelings is a healthy way to
express them. For example, sharing your excitement about doing well in your exams or
sharing your feelings with your parents and
friends.
Elements of communication
Communication is a two-way exchange of
information, i.e., giving and receiving (Fig. 1.2).
Speaking and writing to someone are examples of
giving information. Reading and listening to
someone are examples of receiving information.
Perspectives are ideas, views, or fixed ways of thinking. These sometimes affect our
communication. For example, if you have a fixed idea that your teacher or father is strict, even
when they are being friendly, you may think they are scolding you even though they are polite.
In the same way, others may also have fixed ideas about you, which affect whatever you say
to them Sometimes, we are not able to communicate clearly because of barriers that stop us
from sharing and understanding messages.
• Effective communication
Effective communication can happen if we follow the basic principles of professional
communication skills. These can be abbreviated as 7 Cs, i.e., Clear, Concise, Concrete,
Correct, Coherent, Complete and Courteous. These are further explained in Figure 1.3.
*There are different methods of communication, which include non-

verbal, verbal and visual.
Session 2: Verbal Communication
Verbal communication is the sharing of information by using words. It is
what most people use as a method of communication. Verbal
communication is important because if you do not use the right words,
you will cause confusion and you will not be able to communicate what
you want.
Type of Verbal Examples

Communication
Oral or Spoken Face-to-face conversation: When you can
Communication: see the listener.
Communication which For example, group discussion, talking to
involves talking family member at home, conversation with
public through speeches, etc.
Talking on a phone: This is for personal
and official communication.
Phone conversations should begin with a
greeting (Hello), talking and listening to
each other. The conversation can end with
a ‘Thank you’ and ‘Bye’.
Classroom teaching, business discussion
and public speeches are other examples
of oral communication, where one person
talks to many others at once.
Written Writing letters, notes, email, etc.
Communication: SMS (Short Message Service): These can
Communication which be sent through a phone to a person or a
involves written or group.
typed words Using email to share news, thoughts,
documents and files (including photos,
videos, music, etc.). Can be used to send
messages to a person or to a group.
Books and newspapers.
Advantages of verbal communication

Verbal communication is easy and quick. You can say what you want and get a quick response.
It is an easier form of communication when you have to exchange ideas. You keep changing
your communication as per the other person’s reply.
Disadvantages of verbal communication
The most common disadvantage of verbal communication is the cultural differences between
the sender and receiver of the information. These differences may be due to the use of different
languages, inability to understand the colloquial phrases used by the other individual, and the
accent. Since verbal communication depends on words, sometimes the meanings become
confusing and
difficult to understand if the right words are not used.
Public speaking
Speaking in front of a large group makes most people nervous. You can use the 3Ps (Prepare,
Practice,
Perform) method to get over your fears and become a confident and effective speaker.
3Ps of Public Speaking
Prepare
Think about your topic
Think about what your listeners need to know about the topic
Think about the best way to make your listeners understand your topic
Write what you plan to say
Practice
Practice by yourself first, talk in front of a mirror Talk in front of your family and friends and
ask them what they think Speak clearly, loudly and at the right speed (not very fast nor very
slow)
Perform
Take a few deep breaths if you are feeling nervous Think about what you have prepared and
start speaking confidently
Session 3: Non-Verbal Communication

Non-verbal communication is the message we send
to others without using any words as shown in
Figure 1.4. We send signals and messages to
others, through expressions, gestures and body
postures.
In this session, you will learn about the non-verbal
method
of communication, its types and importance. You will
learn to use the correct body language, like gestures, eye
contact, handshake, etc.
Importance of non-verbal communication
In our day-to-day communication, it is observed that most of the communication is done using
body movements (face, arms, movements, etc.) and voice control (voice, tone, pauses, etc.).
Visual communication
Another important method of communication is visual communication, which involves

sending and understanding messages only through images or pictures. The main advantage of
this type of communication is that you do not need to know any language for understanding it.
It is simple, easy to understand and remains same across different places
.
TYPING LESSON
asdfgf ;lkjhj asdfgf ;lkjhj asdfgf ;lkjhj asdfgf ;lkjhj asdfgf ;lkjhj asdfgf ;lkjhj asdfgf ;lkjhj
asdfgf ;lkjhj asdfgf ;lkjhj asdfgf ;lkjhj asdfgf ;lkjhj asdfgf ;lkjhj asdfgf ;lkjhj asdfgf ;lkjhj
(one day)
add as ha gas hag ask ass fall fad flag all lad lag dash gash jag gag goal gall glass hall hash
half flash gag kale lash shall shah (all words 3 lines)
qwertr poiuyu qwertr poiuyu qwertr poiuyu qwertr poiuyu qwertr poiuyu qwertr poiuyu
qwertr poiuy qwertr poiuyu qwertr poiuyu qwertr poiuyu qwertr poiuyu qwertr poiuyu
(one day)
to tie too hope tot toy tri tree true tour rope row rat out pity porter poor pope poppet port
upper trip towel worry roof rooty root repute power peep yellow quite quiet
(all words 3 lines)
frtf - 10 line jyuj - 10 line
frtf jyuj – 10 lines Total lines – 30
fat hug say harass hay jug day ( all words 3 lines)
derfd – 10 lines kiujk – 10 lines

derfd kiujk - 10 lines Total lines – 30
red yes jade sud his silk did here her jet flare far lid kid dear dug year hear their.
(all words 3 lines)
asdfgtrewq - 10 lines ;lkjhyuiop; - 10 lines
asdfgtrewq ;lkjhyuiop; - 10 lines Total lines- 30
pope poll esquire hopes quiet pool; drop pool request loop rope soap requires; people pay
paid top quote gallop quest; fellow passage york wrapper, jail, alert ( all word 3 lines)
lkjhyuio; - 10 lines asdfgtrew; - 10 lines

lkjhyuio asdfgtrew; - 10 lines Total – 30 lines
were house wore quote got wet weeks hot ware yes weighed; you goal work look hook was
wash aware heal lead dead; hut hole grew lakhs satisfy rests words to err ready; week will
heat odds good out add will wail four fourth; (all words 3 lines)
azxcvc .,mnbn azxcvc .,mnbn azxcvc .,mnbn azxcvc .,mnbn azxcvc .,mnbn azxcvc .,mnbn
azxcvc .,mnbn azxcvc .,mnbn azxcvc .,mnbn azxcvc .,mnbn azxcvc .,mnbn azxcvc .,mnbn
( one day)
fox wax zoo ooz zip zax siz lozy cozy razer zeal maze zulum zinky zone zebra van xmas
sun vain elbow come aunt zero model visit zigzag volume moon Bombay zoology xerasis
vulture Victoria zimndar ( all word 3 lines)
;lkjhbn – 10 lines asdfgvca – 10 lines ;lkjhbn asdfgvca – 10 lines (one day)

Fgtrcv – 10 lines jhyubn – 10 lines fgtrvc jhyubn- 10 lines
Check victory bridge brook ninth beneath voss quick pick volunteer bound very thrive lock
cock hovered river civil wicked book sack five fiction jack vary verse both cite ninth none
vice reverse berth pica
xcvfdx – 10 lines mkjbnm – 10 lines xcvfdx mkjbnm – 10 lines

lkmedx – 10 lines
Extra Extremely Example Examine Minimised Taxed Boxed Midst Maximum Relaxed
Mixed Game Mocked Fixed External Embassy Extravagant Emergency Boxer Excellent
Month Mouth Exact Existing Exhaust Cross Examination Exist Exercise Minimum Curved
Exclusion Exceptionally Exchangeability Exchequer Exclusionist Excommunicable
Exclaiming Exhortation ( all words 3 lines)
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyx (one day)
The quick brown fox jump over the lazy dog. (two days)

Fundamental 3 Months

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Fundamental 3 Months

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Name: - .........................................................................................

Roll No: - .........................................................................................

Haryana State Electronics Development Corporation Limited (HARTRON)

Full form of Computer: -

**APPLICATION** (In various areas where computer are used)

Key Name Key Name

**** EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER****

ANALOG MICRO MINI GENERAL

DIGITAL MAINFRAME SUPER SPECIAL

According to Size of computer

Minicomputer: - A minicomputer is a type of computer that possesses most of the features

Main Frame: - Mainframe computers or mainframes (colloquially referred to as "big iron")

Supercomputer: - A supercomputer is a computer that performs at or near the currently

General Purpose Computer: -

Special Purpose Computer: -

Decimal Binary Octal Hexadecimal

Q1. What is software?

*On-line Real-time system*

MS- Dos Commands

***MS Windows (Operating System) ***

General features of windows: -

There are 5 Element of Multimedia.

Troubleshooting is a systematic process used to locate the cause of a

The troubleshooting process steps are as follows:

• Step 1. Identify the problem.

*****IMPORTANT QUESTIONS C.F, O.S AND B.T.S*****

NEW CTRL+N FIND NEXT F3 JUSTIFY CTRL+J

*INTRODUCTION OF MS-WORD: - It is an application software. It is using to prepare

Shortcut Key for fresh documents file. Character formatting

MS POWERPOINT: - Microsoft PowerPoint is an application software. For using to

Qus.8 How you can insert online video in PowerPoint 2013?

Shortcut Key for fresh Presentation Duplicate Slide Ctrl+D

*****IMPORTANT QUESTIONS MS-PowerPoint*****

****Date & time function****

****MATHS & TRIGNOMATRIC FUNCTION****

=SUMIF () Add the cells specified by a give condition or criteria

****LOOKUP & REFERENCE ****

Name Ram Mohan Kunal Sohan

Name Ram Mohan Kunal Sohan

SR.NO NAME Basic PF TA DA HRA GROSS

Qus:1 What is Microsoft Excel?

{Some Full Form}

** Founder of internet (Robert E. Khan Or Vint Cerf) **

Q.5What is Network? And its Type?

. Com - Commercial . Org - Organization

1.PHOTO DESIZE 1.CONNECT TO THE 1. FORMAT CONVERT

State Data Centres (SDCs)

❖ State Data Centres: -

*There are different methods of communication, which include non-

Type of Verbal Examples

Advantages of verbal communication

Session 3: Non-Verbal Communication

Importance of non-verbal communication

Another important method of communication is visual communication, which involves

derfd – 10 lines kiujk – 10 lines

lkjhyuio; - 10 lines asdfgtrew; - 10 lines

;lkjhbn – 10 lines asdfgvca – 10 lines ;lkjhbn asdfgvca – 10 lines (one day)

xcvfdx – 10 lines mkjbnm – 10 lines xcvfdx mkjbnm – 10 lines

abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyx (one day)

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APPLICATION (In various areas where computer are used)

EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER

On-line Real-time system

MS Windows (Operating System)

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS C.F, O.S AND B.T.S

IMPORTANT QUESTIONS MS-PowerPoint

Date & time function

MATHS & TRIGNOMATRIC FUNCTION

LOOKUP & REFERENCE

Founder of internet (Robert E. Khan Or Vint Cerf)