SCIENCE 10

THE
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
 OBJECTIVES

1 2 3
Understand how the nervous Identify the
system coordinates and Explain the different difference between
regulates these feedback parts of the parasympathetic
mechanisms to maintain nervous system. and sympathetic
homeostasis system.
HOW DOES OUR BODY
MAINTAIN
HOMEOSTASIS?
COMPONENTS OF NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Central Nervous System
composed of the brain
and spinal cords
integrates work of the
receptor and the
effectors to bring
responses to our body.
COMPONENTS OF NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Peripheral Nervous
System
composed of nerves
called neurons.
CENTRAL
NERVOUS
STYSTEM
 BRAIN
one of the body's most
complex organ.
it is the center of
knowledge, emotions,
learning and
awareness.
 BRAIN
divided into 3 functional
groups
forebrain
midbrain
hindbrain
 FOREBRAIN
Cerebrum
largest part of the brain.
divided into right and
left hemisphere
the left hemisphere
controls the right
hemisphere, and
vice versa.
 FOREBRAIN
Cerebrum
largest part of the
brain.
divided into right and
left hemisphere
connected by the
corpus callosum
 FOREBRAIN
Cerebrum
divided into right and
left hemisphere
each hemisphere is
associated with
specific abilities or
skills
 FOREBRAIN
Cerebrum
cerebral cortex
outer layer of the
cerebrum
integrated incoming
information.
contains the
sensory, motor, and
association areas.
 FOREBRAIN
Cerebrum
divided into four (4) lobes)
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobes
 FOREBRAIN
Thalamus
serves as a messenger
since it integrates the
sensory and motor
impulses.
 FOREBRAIN
Hypothalamus
regulates body
temperature and
manages emotions and
sensations like hunger
and thirst.
 FOREBRAIN
Reticulated Activating
System
a set of connected
nuclei in the brain that
is responsible for
regulating the
information that comes
to the brain from the
sensory organs.
 FOREBRAIN
Pituitary Gland
help regulate the
growth, development,
and functioning of the
other endocrine glands
 HINDBRAIN
Cerebellum
divided into
hemisphere
Anterior lobe
Posterior lobe
responsible for
graceful movement
and motor coordination
 HINDBRAIN
Brain Stem
posterior part of the
brain that looks like a
handle found between
the brain and spinal
cord.
 HINDBRAIN
Medulla oblangata
connected to the spinal
cord
a vital organ that
regulates breathing
and heartbeat.
 HINDBRAIN
Pons
a small structure that
connects the cerebrum
and medulla oblangata.
controls breathing and
sleep cycles.
 MIDBRAIN
plays an important role in
reward-based learning.
relays sensory input from
the body to the forebrain.
 SPINAL CORD
it runs down the center
of the back and is
connected to the brain
like extension.
It is protected by the
vertebral column, which
is composed of
individual vertebrae.
 SPINAL CORD
Function
It is the main
pathway of impulses
from the brain to the
peripheral nervous
system of the body.
 SPINAL CORD
Function
It also serves as the
connector
mechanism for the
spinal reflexes.
 SPINAL CORD
Reflex Action
An automatic
response to a stimuli
that does not need
thought or thinking.
 SPINAL CORD
Stimulus
anything in the
internal or external
environment that
triggers a response
to any part of the
body.
 TAKE NOTE
Meninges
the three layers of membranes that protects the brain
and spinal cord.
cerebrospinal fluid
cushions the two structures
The brain is protected by the skull, and spinal cord is
protected by the vertebral column.
 HOMEOSTASIS
a dynamic process that
ensures ideal conditions
are maintained within
living cells in spite of
constant internal and
external changes.
 HOMEOSTASIS
Change
anything that requires a
cell to react. Cells may
react to a change in
temperature or to any
pressure inside or
surrounding them
 HOMEOSTASIS
Receptor
When a change occurs, the
receptor detects it and alerts the
proper control center to
counteract it in order to return the
cell and the overall system into a
balanced state.
the nerve endings that are located
in every system and tissue.
 HOMEOSTASIS
Control Center
It detects and alerts the
proper control center to
counteract the changes in
order to return the cell and
the overall system into a
balanced state.
 HOMEOSTASIS
Effector
acts on the impulses from
its control center that will
counteract the change and
return the internal and
external cell environment
to a balanced state.
PERIPHERIAL
NERVOUS
SYSTEM
NEURONS

Control Center
responsible for
communicating information
through electrical and
chemical signals.
TYPES OF NEURONS

Sensory or Afferent Neurons

receives stimuli from the
outside environment and
sends them to the brain
TYPES OF NEURONS

Interneuron or Relay neuron

relays impulses from
afferent to efferent
neurons
TYPES OF NEURONS

Motor or Efferent neuron

transmits impulses from
the brain or the spinal cord
to the muscles or glands in
the body.
PARTS OF NEURONS

Cell body or Soma

contains the nucleus of the
cell.
responsible for the
metabolic processes and
the maintenance of the
cell.
PARTS OF NEURONS

Cell body or Soma

Nissl Bodies
aid in the production
and dispersal of
chemicals such as
proteins and peptides.
PARTS OF NEURONS
Axon
long projection from the cell
body which carries the
impulses in the nerves to the
knob-like swellings at the
end of the axon that
releases neurotransmitters
called axon terminals.
PARTS OF NEURONS

Axon
Myelin sheath
to increase the speed
at which the impulses
propagate along
myelinated fibers.
PARTS OF NEURONS
Axon
Myelin sheath
Nodes of Ranvier
allow the impulses to
jump in the myelinated
axon. This process is
called saltatory
conduction.
PARTS OF NEURONS

Dendrites
receives the input from
other and carries it
towards the cell body.
NEURON SYNAPSE

Synapse
the connection between
neurons that helps
messages from the
neurons be transferred.
NEURON SYNAPSE

Synaptic vesicles
this is where the
neurotransmitters are
transported and be
released in the synapse.
NEURON SYNAPSE

Synaptic vesicles
help regulate the growth,
development, and
functioning of the other
endocrine glands
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM
THANK
YOU!