The Passionate Shepherd to His Love Tp: Poetic form

Christopher Marlowe Pastoral Lyric is poetry that

Literary Lesson: Tone and Mood expresses emotions in an
1. fame: was a poet and E playwright and translator of idyllic setting.
English renaissance It is related to the term
forefront of the 16th-century dramatic renaissance in London "pasture," and is associated
2. W/S: first writer to develop and perfect blank verse with shepherds playing music
- humanistic themes and realistic emotions. to their sheep
3. Famous work: Structure: six quatrains (six
Marlowe’s theatrical career kicked off in the later 1580s four line stanzas )
with Tamburlaine the Great, first performed in London in Meter and Rhythm: iambic
about 1587 to great popular success.( sự nghiệp sân khấu) tetrameter
4.Bctg: - In 1589 Marlowe got into a fight, Rhyme scheme: aabb ccdd
- May 1592 he was arrested after a street fight. eeff gghh iiaa jjaa
- In 1578, at about 14, enrolled as a scholar of King’s School Summary:
in Canterbury The poem shows the
- 1580 join Corpus Christi College, Cambridge shepherd's seduction to his
- started working as a government agent. ( đặc vụ) beloved set in a poetic English
- On 30 May Marlowe was stabbed to death during a fight at countryside.
a house in Deptford,( argument about a bill.) Tone: (passionate, romantic
Tp famous: the sophisticated and poetic Edward II may be and dreamy)
one of Marlowe’s last works (depiction of a love relationship mood of the speaker.
between two men has often been taken as evidence of (romantic, cheerful and
Marlowe’s own homosexuality) distrustful)
Đóng góp : tone: the poet’s attitude,
His works influenced William Shakespeare and generations (optimistic , calm and
of writers to follow. worried)
mood: the reader feeling,
emotion (hopeful, secure)

His confession of love to the nymph an invitation

- “ And we will all the pleasures prove” means: we will enjoy all the peasures together in nature.
- a care-free life full of pleasures and gifts if the girl agrees?
- “shallow rivers” and “melodious madrigals” is spring or early summer
Stanzas 3:
Beds of rose: hyperbole (nói quá)
Leaves of Myrtle: symbol immortality
Coral clasps móc-cài
and Amber studs :
trang-sức
Hyperbole, unachievable
“Melodious birds sing Madrigals” literary device is personification
Poem: The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd
Walter Raleigh Literary Lesson: Tone and Mood
Fame: adventurer, courtier to Elizabeth I, navigator,
author and poet.
Works(tp): History of the World' (1614), The
Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd
W/S: Writing style
Plain style: simple, straightforward.
unornamented
Themes of strong personal thoughts:
love, loss, beauty. and time.
Bc: - at Hayes Barton in Devon 1552
- attended Oxford University ,fought with the --
Huguenots in France and studied law in London.
to America with explorer Sir Humphrey Gilbert
- sponsored the first English colony in America on
Roanoke Island
- a favourite of the queen, and was knighted and
appointed captain of the Queen's Guard (1587),
became a member of parliament in 1584
- Elizabeth into a jealous rage and Raleigh and his
wife were imprisoned in the Tower.
- ccused of plotting against the king and sentenced to
death. This was reduced to life imprisonment and
Raleigh spent the next 12 years in the Tower of
London,
- England, the death sentence was reinstated and
Raleigh's execution took place on 29 October 1618.
1. How does the nymph begin her reply to the shepherd? (Compare it to the way the shepherd
begins his optimistic proposal in Marlowe’s poem)
Conditional
2. What effect is such beginning? What is the nymph’s attitude towards the shepherd’s
seduction?
Skeptical attitude and indirect rejection
3. According to the nymph, what will happen to:
nhân hóa
Tp: Poetic Form: Pastoral lyric
Structure: 6 four-line stanzas (6
quatrains)
Meter: iambic tetrameter
Rhyme scheme: aabb cedd eeff gghh
iibb jjbb
Summary (external meaning):
A parody to Marlowe's poem- the
Passionate Shepherd to His Love
The poem shows the nymph's refusal
to the shepherd's seduction
Tone: ironic, practical, reasonable
Mood: doubtful, skeptical, pessimistic
Themes:
Truth in love (or passion) is very
important
The decay of youth, love and
pleasures caused by the passage of
time
5. How does the nymph shows her
attitude towards the luxurious things
given by the shepherd in stanza 5?
unmoved
6. What answer does the nymph really
want to give to the shepherd as
implied in her hypothesis?
refuse, disagree ever-lasting youth,
eternal love, and endless joy.
Reconfirm her doubt and rejection.
7. What kind of person is the nymph
through her reply to the shepherd? Do
you think she is realistic as well as
romantic?
beautiful
- the shallow river
- the flock of sheep
- the birds singing melodious songs
- the fragrant flowers
- the gowns, shoes, beds of roses, the cap of flowers, the kirtle of myrtle, the belt of straw, the
coral clasps and amber studs.
=> TIME: reason for change
4. How does the nymph in Raleigh’s poem respectively turn the shepherd’s gifts into
impossibilities?
POINT OUT THE DIFFICULTY WHEN TWO PEOPLE COME TOGETHER. Thy your:
possessive
Soon impermanent, transitory momentary, short-lasting, Your gifts are too Impermanent, Futility
of joy and beauty, your material things, No means meaningless, worthless, Her rejection scorn to
momentary pleasures at present

Sonnet 18, Sonnet 29 SHAKESPEAREAN SONNETS

Author: William Shakespeare 1564-1616
Literary Lesson: Themes
26 April 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon.
married Anne Hathaway at 18ages
had three children
he began a successful career in London as
an actor, writer, and part-owner of a
playing company called the Lord
Chamberlain's Men,
at the age of 49, he retired to Stratford ,
where he died three years later.
Shakespeare's position
-English poet, playwright, and actor.
-Widely regarded as the greatest
the English language and the world's pre-
eminent author in dramatism.
His works
His name is given to 154 sonnets, 5 long
poems, 38 plays of all types including
farce, history,romantic comedy and tragedy
His plays remain highly popular today
through the world
His writing style
The most influential writer of all-time.
bringing lyrical elements to plays
An original writing style of versatility, a
power of words and wide and deep
understanding of human nature
Theme is the underlying message, or ‘big idea’
that the author tries to convey in the writing of a
novel, play, short story or poem.
Shakespeare's 154 "sugar sonnets" are perfect in
form, deep in thought and feeling.
Themes: INEVITABILITY OF DEATH,
CRUELTY OF NATURE,POETRY AS A
SOURCE OF IMMORTALITY,
ADMIRATION
•Form: E sonnet
•Structure: three quatrains and a rhyming
couplet.
English sonnet (Shakespearean sonnet)
•Meter: iambic pentameter
•Rhyme scheme: abab cdcd efef gg
Themes:
+ Most of the sonnets (1-126) are addressed fo a
"Fair Youth" (named W.H.), with whom
Shakespeare had an intense romantic
relationship.
+Other 26 sonnets celebrate the beauty of the
poet's mistress known as the Dark Lady
Some other sonnets focus on the passage of
time, infidelity ,Jealousy and mortality
Tone and mood: sincere and loving
Sonnet 29: Sơ đồ vần: abab cdcd ebeb ff ,
Sonnet 29 has a base pentameter
Phong cách nghệ thuật: Sonnet 29 is written in
iambic spec and follows the traditional sonnet
pattern
Sonnet 43: How do I love thee? the Victorian era, Tuberculosis, feminism, reason
Literary:Themes

Comprehension Quiz
1. Elizabeth Barrett Browning (1806-1861) wrote a series of 44 sonnets, in secret, about
the intense love she felt for her husband-to-be, the poet Robert Browning. She called this
series ......love poems..............., a title based on the pet name Robert gave her.
2. The rhyme scheme of "Sonnet 43" is as follows:
c. ABBA-ABBA-CDCDCD
3. The first eight lines of a sonnet are called an octave; the remaining six lines are called
A. sestet
4. In Browning's "Sonnet 43," the octave compares the intensity of the love she felt while
writing the poem to the love she experienced earlier in her life. The sestet compares her
love for her husband to the love of religious and political ideas.
True
5. "Sonnet 43" expresses the poet's intense love for her husband-to-be, Robert Browning.
So intense is her love for him, she says, that it rises to the spiritual level, as shown in lines
..................2
6. She loves him freely and purely without.........
b. expectation of personal gain
7. She even loves him with an intensity of suffering, as shown in line 10.
True
8. She loves him in the way that she loved saints as a child. Moreover, she expects to
continue to love him after death
9. The dominant figure of speech in the poem is:
Anaphora
10. Which line of the poem is the most meaningful to you? Why? Explain in about 50
words.
Poem, poet: Elizabeth Barret Browning, suffering intense head and spinal pain for the rest of her
life.
She is an English poet of the Victorian era. English literature from this era reflects aspects of
life( science, economic, technology, religion, society) and wrote poetry from about the age of
six.
She also develop lung problem, tuberculosis (known as consumption, phthisis, great white
plague , the romantic disease, as a reflection of the differentiation of social stratification)
1841 and 1844, producing poetry, translation and prose. She campaigned for the abolition of
slavery and her work helped influence reform in the child labour legislation. Her prolific output
made her a rival to Tennyson as a candidate for poet laureate on the death of Wordsworth.
Robert Browning. Their correspondence, courtship and marriage were carried out in secret, for
fear of her father's disapproval. Following the wedding she was indeed disinherited by her father.
The couple moved to Italy in 1846

Lady Macbeth act 5 scene 1

Lady Macbeth is doing some weird acts in her sleepwalking. The paper recalls the letter she
wrote for Macbeth. Her sleepwalking and uncontrolled acts shows that she is suffering from a
psychological disorder.
1. Gentlewoman: She has light by her continually, tis her command
2. Why does Lady Macbeth command to light up always?
She is scared of darkness because the murder of King Duncan in which she got involved
occurred in darkness. Darkness makes her relive the previous guilt.
Lady Macbeth: Yet here s a şpot
3. What spot does she see on her hands? What is the symbol of this spot to her?
→ Blood: symbol for her guilt.
Lady Macbeth: Hell is murky
4. Why is she sinking in the dark hell?
→ She is so guilt-ridden that she is undergoing the obsession of being pushed to the hell.
6. Who is recalled in her broken speech?
4."Yet who would have thought the old man to have had so much blood in him?"
→King Duncan
4."The Thane of Fife hada wife; where is she now?"
—>Lady Macduff
Banguo's buried; he cannot Come out on s grave’
—> Banquo’s
There's knocking at the gate, give me your hand":
→ Macduff
"What 's done cannot be undone"
What is her implication when saying so?
→ This line reverses her earlier argument to her husband
"what's done is done"
She wants to tell Macbeth that what happened in the past can not be changed, and there is no
turning back when they committed murder, so he should get over it.
Doctor:“Foul whisperings are abroad: unnatural deeds
Do breed unnatural troubles "
8. What does the doctor's word imply?
Peculiar deeds usually expose evil and that leads to unnatural troubles in one's life (ex:
psychological disorder).
Doctor: : infected minds
To their deaf pillows will discharge their secrets:
More needs she the divine than the physician."
9. What usually happens to the sinners?
What is the best treatment for lady Macbeth according to the doctor? 🡪 The sinners will utter
their sinful secrets in their sleep. Evil acts can never be hidden but will be sooner or later brought
under the daylight. Thus, Lady Macbeth needs a priest for her salvation rather than a doctor
1. What effect is the repetition of the word "tomorrow"?
- The repetition emphasizes the slow and tedious passage of time that Macbeth would suffer for
the rest of his life.
2. Why does Macbeth think that the coming days go so slowly?
-Without his wife, he has no one to share his joy and sadness, his crime and tear.
-He no more has any purpose in life.
What literary device is used for yesterdays?
Yesterday": synecdoche for the past
2. What does Macbeth think about the past?
The past has guided him and his wife to death.
-Thus, he finds it useless to live on, and has no way to escape accepting death.
-The past did not make any sense in his life.
What literary device is used for "a walking shadow and "a poor player"? What does it mean?
Metaphor
a walking shadow": Life is an illusion, like a shadow; it does not have Substance or emotion.
"a poor player": "Life is merely a stage, on which all men and women are players who perform
their roles of life." But this stage is poor which means that all the characters have to suffer the
sorrow and meaningless of life.
Life is a story which may be full of dramas and events but after all seems to be meaningless. -->
human life's futility (theme)
Robert Burns: Fame : This collection was an immediate success and Burns was celebrated
throughout England and Scotland as a great "peasant-poet."
He is also well known for the over three hundred songs he wrote which celebrate love,
friendship, work, and drink with often hilarious and tender sympathy.
Burns wrote in a variety of forms: epistles to friends, ballads, and songs.
Most of Burns' poems were written in Scots.
Burns died on July 21, 1796, at the age of 37. Even today, he is often referred to as the National
Bard of Scotland.
This poem "A Red Rose" is one of the greatest compositions by the Scottish poet Robert Burns.
The poem was first published in 1794. The poem has 16 lines (four verses) and has the form of a
ballad. The main theme of this poem is the immortality of love. Love never dies and lasts. This
poem presents a nameless speaker and his profound feelings towards his nameless lover. The
speaker here, in this poem, has promised the person he loves, that his love for the person he loves
will outlast human life, and even the planet, will be fresh and immutable forever. There are four
different sections of the poem. And even in the first stanzas, we find that the speaker compares
the person you love with the things you love. The speaker's affection for the one he loves is very
strong here. He compares the person he loves with the beautiful, bright, delicate June rose. Next,
the speaker compares her lover with a sweet melody which is lifted sweetly in the melody. In the
second stanzas, the narrator praises her beauty and even makes lovely promises concerning his
love for her. According to the speaker, he fell in love with her deeply because she was quite
beautiful. He added that he would love her until the whole sea of the planet dried up. The
promises of the speaker remain in motion.
Interpreting the poem
1. Find out the imagery in the poem A Red Red Rose. What does the poet compare his love
with? Red rose in June
2. How does the poet express his deep love to his beloved in stanza 2? What literary device is
used here? hyperbole
praising her beauty and making lovely promises regarding his love.
3. What is the symbol of “the sands o’ life”? How does he emphasize his persistence in love?
He loves her forever, to the end of his life
He promises to love until the rocks on the planet melt in the heat of the sun.

Story: Frankenstein What does the monster do to take revenge?

Author: Mary Shelley
Literary lesson: Irony
born in London, Her mother, the celebrated
feminist writer Mary Wollstonecraft, Her
father William Godwin, a radical
philosopher and writer,
sixteen,married poet Percy Bysshe
Shelley and they eloped to France.
-The Monster kills William-Victor's brother,
which also leads to the death of Justine Moritz.
Moritz is a kind and gentle girl, adopted by the
Frankenstein family. She has been accused of
William's death and sentenced to death.
-It kills Henry Clerval-Victor's friend and
accuses Victor of the crime.-It captures
Elizabeth, Victor's new bride, and then kills her.
Frankenstein after Byron arranged a ghost
story competition during their stay.
They got married in the autumn of 1816 and
lived in Italy. had four children, of whom
only one survived. After Percy’s death in
1822, she continued to write until her death
in London on 1 February 1851. She was
buried in Bournemouth.
Frankenstein – Or The Mordern Prometheus
is a Gothic novel (1818) by Mary Shelly. It
is the story of a Swiss scientist, Dr
Frankenstein, who makes a living creature
from pieces of dead bodies. It is like a man,
but stronger, and although it is gentle at
first, it later attacks and kills Frankenstein.
oVictor Frankenstein is the son of Alphonse
Frankenstein and
Caroline Beaufort, an amiable and wealthy
COUple.
oHe has a blissful childhood.
o He is well-broUght-up and well-educated.
o He studies philosophy and chemistry at
university.
oVictor creates the Creature out of old body
parts, which sOon becomes a Monster -> He
is the creator of the Monster.
o Why does the Monster want to revenge
himself on Victor?
-Victor creates the monster but he hates it
and abandons it.
-Victor promises to create a mate (a female
monster) for the Monster but horrified by
the Consequence of his new creation, he
decides to destroy it.
THEMES
1. Alienation and Loneliness2. Nature vs
Nurture
3. Duty and Responsibility4. Science vs
Nature
o Human society
People in the novel judge the Creature just
by its appearance. They don't give the
Creature the chance to show its beautiful
nature.
What happens to Victor and the Creature at
the end of the story?
oVictor dies on his quest for the monster
to the northward into the ice.
oWitnessing the death of Victor, the
Monster decides to end its life. It
depards to the northernmost ice to die.
1. What conclusion did the Creature first
encounter in the world?
It encountered different sensations:" And I saw,
heard, and smelt at the
Same time"
2. What has the creature learned during his
hiding in the forest?
-Different sensations of itself
Basic sUrvival needs (eating when hungry,
drinking when thirsty, being
COvered with clothes when cold)
The beauty of nature,How to use fire
Family and love,The beauty of art
3. The creature in this story doesn't have a
name. How do you think it would feel to be an
unnamed creature?-It may feel confused about
its identity and isolated from society.
4. After reading chapter 11, do yoU think the
Creature deserves to be regarded as "a
monster"? -It doesn't deserve to be considered
as a monster because it has a beautiful nature. It
doesn't mean to do harm to anyone and it can
understand the beauty of nature and art.
Moreover,it also has a strong desire for love
like humans.
5. Who is the real monster in the story?
o Dr. Victor Frankenstein,His selfishness,
irresponsibility and rejection of his creation
lead to the deaths of his family's members and
friends.
Victor represents the tendency of science to
divorce itself from ethics.
STRUCTURE
1. Verse: a single line in a poem or a piece written in meter.
2. Stanza: a series of lines grouped together and separated by an empty line from other stanzas.
Names of stanzas:
couplet (2 lines) tercet (3 lines) quatrain (4 lines) cinquain (5 lines) sestet (6 lines) septet (7
lines) octave (8 lines)
Three other elements of poetry are rhyme scheme, foot (beat), meter, and rhythm (ie. regular
rhythm) and word sounds (like alliteration).
1. Rhyme scheme ( m luật)
Rhyme scheme is the repetition of similar sounds. In poetry, the most common kind of rhyme is
the end rhyme, which occurs at the end of two or more lines.
Foot (beat) is a measuring unit in poetry. Each foot usually has two or three stressed and
unstressed syllables.
Meter is the pattern of foot within the lines of a poem. The combination of feet creates meter in
poetry.
Types of meter:
one foot: monometer four feet: tetrameter two feet: dimeter five feet:pentameter
three feet: trimester six feet: hexameter
Rhythm is the pattern of stressed and unstressed meter in a poem
Pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables are used to create a regular rhythm.
Metaphors,exaggerate(cd), simile,symbolism, personification (nhân hóa), metonymy (hoán dụ)
The Passionate Shepherd to His Love

Lifestyle: The shepherd promised they will enjoy their common life if she agrees with a care-
free life full of pleasures and gifts. A carefree life without worries and sorrow. We will enjoy all
pleasures in nature In the second stanza of ‘The Passionate Shepherd to His Love’, the speaker
goes on to describe some day to day details of what their lives would be like together. He states
that they will “sit upon the Rocks” of this new and beautiful world they are living in together and
“See” the “Shepherds” with their flocks of sheep.

In today’s era, it seems that love is regarded as a significant thing in our life. For this reason, it is
evident that there are many distinct viewpoints about it, and I do not agree with the above
shepherd’s argument because of the two following explanations.
On the one hand, it is undeniable that love gives delight to anyone who is in love if they hit it off
together. However, these delights will not last forever as his thought since unpredictable issues
are waiting for their chances to occur whenever. That is to say, when a difference of points of
view reaches its climax, battles of words are indispensable, or even leading to hitting. In that
way, they may not become reconciled if they give over-prominence to their own ego or do not
give tolerance and forgiveness to each other. As a consequence, they get divorced which hurts
themselves and their families as well.

On the other hand, people used to say that “money cannot buy happiness, but you cannot be
happy without money”. Indeed, love does not generate money, people therefore cannot
comfortably enjoy their life without any worry. Taking this matter as a typical example, it is
obvious that children are the result of love, and how can they perfectly take care of their children
without concerns about expenses to give them a good education, meet the basic necessities of
daily life such as food and clothing or pay for their children's health insurance with their
pleasures from their love.

Taking everything into consideration, I disagree with the shepherd’s argument about the essence
of love. Anyhow, one must accept that love brings us numberless enjoyable feelings.

Sonnet 18

This sonnet is undoubtedly the most famous of Shakespeare's sonnets; It is possibly the most
famous lyric poem in the English language. In the couplet, the speaker explains how the
beloved's beauty will accomplish this feat, and not perish because it is preserved in the poem,
which will last forever; it will live “as long as men can breathe or eyes can see.” "Sonnet 18"
focuses on a person's or lover's liking, initially asking the speaker a question from work
comparing their subject to a summer day. He then goes on to introduce the pros and cons of the
weather, referring to both an idyllic English summer day and the welcome dim sun and strong
autumn winds. On the surface, the poem is simply a tribute to the beauty of the one in love;
Summers tend to be uncomfortably harsh in wind and heat, but lovers are always mild and
temperate. Summer happens to be personified as “the eye of heaven” with “yellow skin”; the
image throughout is simple and untouched, with the “beloved shoots of May” giving way to the
“eternal summer”, which the speaker promises to the lover. Language, too, is relatively
unadorned for sonnets; it's not heavy on allusion or assignment, and nearly every line is its clause
— almost every line ends with some punctuation, which acts as a pause. Finally, it is hinted that
the verse itself will keep the lover - the subject of the poem - alive and allow them not to accept
death. the power of the speaker's poem in defying time and lasting forever, bringing the beauty
of love to future generations. Such an elaborated reference emphasizes that even when a single
aspect of human life is here on earth, the speaker’s words will live. He furthers his claim by
saying that the immortality of his poetry will give immortality to his beloved.

 Đoạn văn tóm gọn :

Sonnet 29 focuses on the speaker's initial state of depression, despair, and unhappiness in life and
the subsequent recovery through happier thoughts about love. The first eight lines are filled with
self-pity and frustration. negative image; The last six lines all talk about the positive side that
sweet love brings to help banish boredom. Sonnet 29 tells all those who feel worthless or
overshadowed by others they consider superior but can overcome their dark feelings by thinking
of the one they love, the one who loves them in return. However, unlike some of Shakespeare's
other love poems, which deal with physical beauty and erotic desires, "Sonnet 29" is about the
power of love to positively affect one's thoughts. , as the poem argues that love offers
compensation for one's hurts and failures and endurance in life. And talk about the role of
religion in people's lives and thoughts.

"The Nymph's Reply to the Shepherd" is a parody of Christopher Marlowe's "The Passionate
Shepherd to His Love". In Marlowe’s original poem, a shepherd propositions a young woman,
promising her a joyful, carefree life in the beautiful countryside if she’ll “come live with him and
be his love". In Ralegh's witty reply, a nymph rejects the shepherd, telling him he has failed to
recognize that time will eventually destroy all the treasures he offers her—even and especially
his love.

"The Nymph's Reply" is a reality check that undermines the shepherd's naive idealism, arguing
that time ultimately conquered all of life’s pleasures. The speaker acknowledges that the world is
full of beauty and that youthful love indeed offers "joys", " delights" and they all seem to fit in
with a vision of giddy, youthful love. But, the nymph might be tempted by the shepherd's offer,
she says, but only "if all the world and love" could stay perpetually young—an obvious
impossibility. The shepherd’s "honey tongue" thus tells only lies.

Sonnet 43

Summary

The poem is the second-to-last in the sequence of forty-four love poems, Sonnets from the
Portuguese, written during the courtship between Elizabeth Barrett Browning and her husband
Robert Browning. Sonnet 43 - "How do I love thee?" describes a fully realized love. Earlier
poems often had mentioned the past, when the poet did not dream that such happiness would
ever be hers. In this poem, she defines her present happiness by explaining how her love
incorporates and transcends her past spiritual and emotional experiences.

The poem "Sonnet 43" is Elizabeth's love for her husband. Although many years have passed,
perhaps Elizabeth's poems are still forever in the hearts of readers. "How do you love me? Let
me count the way". The lyrics are the poet's heart, her love for her husband. Not only that, the
poet is trying to explain his love. With Elizabeth Barret Browning, she is trying to explain love,
how she loves. Although she loves her husband very much, she loves rationally. The
combination of reason and emotion is shown throughout the poem. Although she loves her
husband very much, she is still awake enough to count how much she loves. With insight,
Elizabeth realizes her love through 6 different ways "depth and breadth and height", "everyday
degree", "freedom, when men strive for what is right", "pure, when they turn to praise", "passion
is put to use", "a love I seem to have lost with my lost saints", "breath, smile, water eyes, of all
my life". Another anomaly in this literary work is feminism. a woman with her lover, it was
something very new and unusual for Victorian English women. The values of honoring feminism
and fighting are shown in many details in the poem. Passionate, intense love is associated with
many different aspects and contexts: God, childhood, death. Furthermore, her expression of love
goes against the subsystem's permissive values. Although she is very rational and she has many
unusual ways of thinking about love. She loves her husband unconditionally and loves until she
dies.

Macbeth begins in "an open place" - a place devoid of any landmarks or buildings - with the
arrival of three "odd sisters", as they later call themselves. The Old English word "wyrd," or
"strange" meaning "Fate," is exactly the origin of these Witches: They were the Fates of classical
mythology, one of them spinning the ropes. a person's life, one of them measured it, and one of
them cut it. The bleakness of the scene is a dramatic representation of both the Scottish wild
setting in which the play is set and the more universal wilderness of human existence .The Three
Witches' speech was written in short, rhyming verse that mimics a spell. Women's language is
also filled with images of witches and turbulent weather: thunder, lightning, rain, fog and "dirty
air". The lines "When the battle is lost and won" and "Fair is foul and error is fair" are the most
meaningful in the scene. On the one hand, these contradictory statements are the kind of puzzle
we expect from witches; On the other hand, the lines suggest a paradox that runs through the
play: Life frequently presents a chaotic picture of events in which it is difficult to distinguish
truth from falsehood.

Act V, Scene 1, Scene 5)

threshold: ngưỡng cửa, somnambulism: mộng du, mental illness: bệnh tâm thần ,
impermanence : vô thường

 Summary:

Verse 1: At night, in the king's palace at Dunsinane, a doctor and a tender woman discuss Lady
Macbeth's strange sleepwalking habit. Suddenly, Lady Macbeth entered a trance with a candle in
her hand. When she tells about the murders of Lady Macduff and Banquo, she seems to see
blood on her hands and declares that nothing will ever be able to wash it off. She leaves, and the
doctor and the gentlewoman marveling at her descent go mad.

Verse 5: In the castle, a confused Macbeth orders banners to be hung and boasts that his castle
will repel the enemy. A woman's cry rang out, and Seyton appeared to tell Macbeth that the
queen was dead. Shocked, Macbeth spoke numbly of the passage of time and famously declared
that life is "a story / Told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, / Nothing signifies". A messenger
entered with startling news: the trees of Birnam Wood were moving toward Dunsinane. Angry
and horrified, Macbeth recalled a prophecy that said he could not die until Birnam Wood moved
to Dunsinane. Resentfully, he announced that he was tired of the sun and that he would at least
die fighting.

1. Threshold: Ngưỡng cửa

❒ Macbeth’s threshold:

➢ Before Macbeth crosses his threshold, he looks down in a way, identifying the fact that he is
on the edge of a symbolic doorway, a threshold over which he will pass and never be the same.
Macbeth says:

“ But here, upon this bank and shoal of time,

We would jump the life to come. But in these cases

We still have judgment here” . (Act 1,scene 7 )

Macbeth recognizes the gravity of the moment; he recognizes that he is about to make a decision
that will change the course of his life. He compares his threshold to a shoal, which is a sand bar
or a place where a ship may pause before beginning a new voyage. There is a sad irony in
Macbeth’s threshold moment—the irony is that although he recognizes the importance of
stopping to consider his choices, he doesn’t. He chooses instead to follow greed and appetite, and
to run headlong in a very bad direction.

3 . Mental illness: bệnh tâm thần

This is alluded to in both (act5, scene 1) in a conversation between a doctor and a woman, who
clearly states his expressions and actions indicate that Lady Macbeth was psychotic after the
incident. murder case.

After the king's murder left Lady Macbeth with psychological problems she began sleepwalking,
hallucinating, and hallucinating after killing Lady Macduff and the Banquo.

Lady Macbeth suffers from schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder throughout the
play, as shown by her frequent washing of hands in her sleep because of her blood-stained hands,
paranoia, and tendency toward mad aggression. . In the first scene of the action, Lady Macbeth
sleepwalks and performs strange acts.

4 . Impermanence:

Nothing is certain and will last forever. After all, Lady Macbeth must have made it clear before
she died that she was the one who created the Macbeth monster.

She feels that life is tiring and miserable as well as everything she does is vanity, and ambition
and she chooses death to end her life

As we know about the work of Frankenstein Mary Shelley, we can see that it is more than just a
novel about a horror story. With this work, the story revolves around Victor, a genius scientist,
he consulted to find the formula of life and after all those efforts he created the monster
Frankenstein. Frankenstein's monster is an image that represents painful loneliness, lack of
education, the words that this character can show are a warning to society because of
overdevelopment when the world is developing. strong development. , the message about the
consequences that it brings is too great. The growth of the monster reflects the development of
the human. But when he changed from beast to man, man also lost his virginity. Moreover,
information, the author wants to decide "Feminist". According to her, the birth is something that
no one can replace women and can see customers. It is a horror work but the meaning and things
it wants us to understand as well as the extraordinary meanings and the unusual things that the
author can show in the work wants us not to delete the auto-combination.