ELS_2019_2020 SAYI_29

I B)
jostle : to push roughly against somebody in a crowd ; itelemek, itip kakmak, iteklemek..

relate – v. : connect ; to give a spoken or written report of something; to tell a story ; nakletmek, ilgili
olmak, söylemek, bağlantı kurmak..

slap : tokatlamak, şaplak atmak..

wreck : karaya oturtmak, enkaz haline getirmek, zarar vermek, parçalamak..

compel : to force somebody to do something; to make something necessary ; (not used in the
progressive tenses) to cause a particular reaction ; zorlamak, mecbur etmek, gerektirmek, boyun
eğdirmek..

drive : zorlamak..

fake – v. : sahtesini yapmak, uydurmak, numara yapmak, takınmak, -mış gibi göstermek / görünmek..

multiplicity : a great number and variety of something ;

for something’s sake : because of the interest or value something has, not because of the
advantages it may bring..
for its own sake : kendi iyiliği / onun iyiliği için..

betrayal : ihanet, ele verme, hainlik..

behalf : biri adına, yerine..

incidentally : by the way ; tesadüfen, kazara, sırası / aklıma gelmişken, laf arasında..

at a loss : not knowing what to say or do ; in a way that loses you money ; ne yapacağını bilmez halde,
zararına, şaşırmış halde..

at large : (used after a noun) as a whole; in general ; (of a dangerous person or animal) not captured;
free ; kaçak, ortada dolaşan, genellikle, tamamen, başıboş, henüz yakalanmamış..

over and above : in addition to something ; ilaveten, ayrıca..

on the spot : without any delay; immediately ; at the scene of an event ; olay yerinde, oracıkta,
hemen, derhal..

C)
unexceptional : unremarkable ; not interesting or unusual ; olağan, sıradan..

undistinguished : not very interesting, successful or attractive ; sıradan, üstün özellikleri olmayan,
sönük..

entitle – v. : hak tanımak, isimlendirmek, yetki / ünvan vermek..

playful : full of fun; wanting to play ; light-hearted ; (of a remark, an action, etc.) made or done in
fun; not serious ; şakacı, şen, oynamayı seven..

light-hearted : intended to be fun rather than too serious ; cheerful and without problems ; kaygısız,
tasasız, neşeli, şen..

enjoyable : giving pleasure..

D)
insertion : ilave, ekleme, araya sokma..

linear : doğrusal, çizgisel, ince ve uzun..

sentimental : duygusal, duygulara hitap eden..

dismiss : fire, sack, ilişiğini kesmek, görevden uzaklaştırmak, aklından çıkarmak..

mediocre : not very good; of only average standard ; vasat, orta karar, sıradan..

scroll – n. : a long roll of paper for writing on ; a decoration cut in stone or wood with a curved shape
like a roll of paper ; kıvrım, sarmal süs..

ideogram : a symbol that is used in a writing system, for example Chinese, to represent the idea of a
thing, rather than the sounds of a word ; anlamı belirten / kelime ifade eden işaret, bir fikri sembolize
eden resim..
4)
calligram : a poem in which words are positioned so as to create a visual image of the subject on
the page..

to… extent : used to show how far something is true or how great an effect it has..
to a lesser extent : daha az oranda / ölçüde / çapta..

outline – v. : sketch ; taslağını çizmek, ana hatlarıyla belirtmek..

conform : to / with something to obey a rule, law, etc. ; comply ; to agree with or match something ;
uyumlu olmak, boyun eğmek..

advance (a story) : ilerlemek, gelişme kaydetmek..

plot : hikayenin konusu, entrika, suikast, olaylar dizisi, gizli plan, arazi parçası..

rank – n. : rütbe, kademe, mevki..

vehicle : (for something) something that can be used to express your ideas or feelings, or as a way
of achieving something ; araç, vasıta..

E)
meta- : connected with a change of position or state ; higher; beyond ; başkalaşım / daha kapsamlı
anlamı veren ön ek, sonra gelen - , ötesi anlamı veren ön ek..

metafiction : a type of play, novel, etc. in which the author deliberately reminds the audience,
reader, etc. that it is fiction and not real life ; üstkurmaca..

self-consciously : in a way that shows you are nervous or embarrassed about your appearance or
what other people think of you ; in a way that shows you are aware of the effect that is being
produced ; sıkılganlıkla, özbilinçle, kendini bilerek, bilincinde olarak..

masquerade : a way of behaving that hides the truth or a person’s true feelings ; a type of party
where people wear special costumes and masks over their faces, to hide their identities ; gerçeği
gizleme, sahte tavır, maskeli balo..

hopscotch : a children’s game played on a pattern of squares marked on the ground. Each child
throws a stone into a square then hops (= jumps on one leg) and jumps along the empty squares to
pick up the stone again..
alternately : if two things happen alternately, they follow each other in a regular way, one after the
other ; değişimli / dönüşümlü olarak, sırayla, nöbetleşe..

humanist : a person who believes in humanism (= a system of thought that considers that solving
human problems with the help of reason is more important than religious beliefs)..

E-5)
flarf (poetry) : Flarf poetry was an avant-garde poetry movement of the early 21st century. The
term Flarf was coined by the poet Gary Sullivan, who also wrote and published the earliest Flarf
poems..

surrealist : an artist who uses surrealism (=a 20th century style and movement in art and literature in
which images and events that are not connected are put together in a strange or impossible way, like
a dream, to try to express what is happening deep in the mind) in their work ; gerçeküstücü..

ecliptic : tutulum çemberi, tutulma düzlemi, güneşin yeryuvar etrafındaki yörünge düzlemi..

parody : a piece of writing, music, acting, etc. that deliberately copies the style of somebody /
something in order to be humorous ; something that is such a bad or an unfair example of something
that it seems silly ; gülünç bir taklit, gülünçleme..

pompously : in a way that shows that you think you are more important than other people, especially
by using long and formal words ; çalımla, gösterişli bir şekilde..

surreal : very strange; more like a dream than reality, with ideas and images mixed together in a
strange way ; gerçeküstü..

p. 11)
practically : almost; very nearly ; in a realistic or sensible way; in real situations ; neredeyse, gerçekte,
uygulamalı olarak..

p. 13)
merit – v. : deserve ; layık olmak, değmek..

merchandise – n. : mal, ürün, ticari eşya..

blaze : alevler, yangın..

hydrant : a pipe in the street through which water can be sent using a pump in order to put out fires
or to clean the streets ; yangın musluğu..

overrate : to have too high an opinion of somebody / something; to put too high a value on
somebody / something ; fazla değer vermek, gözünde büyütmek, önemsemek..

coeducational : (of a school or an educational system) where girls and boys are taught together ;
karma eğitim uygulayan..

acclaim : to praise or welcome somebody / something publicly ; övmek, alkışlamak..

affiliate : to link a group, a company or an organization very closely with another, larger one ; to join,
to be connected with, or to work for an organization ; birleştirmek, sıkı ilişki kurmak..

p. 15)
mimick : imitate..

arabber : An arabber (or a-rabber) is a street vendor (hawker) selling fruits and vegetables from a
colorful, horse-drawn cart..

merchant : tüccar, satıcı..

cart – n. :

underserve :

activist :
p. 29)
spectacle – n. : büyük gösteri, merasim..

devastate : harap etmek, enkaz haline getirmek, yakıp yıkmak..

go to any, some, great, etc. lengths (to do something) : to put a lot of effort into doing something,
especially when this seems extreme ; her çareye başvurmak, her yolu denemek, çok emek harcamak,
çok çabalamak..

life-size : the same size as a person or thing really is ; gerçek boyutlu, gerçeğe uygun boyutta..

p. 32)
involve somebody in something : to make somebody experience something, especially something
unpleasant ; bulaştırmak, başını derde sokmak, birini işin içine çekmek..

demand – v. : talep etmek, talepte bulunmak, gerektirmek, ısrar etmek, hak iddia etmek..

avalanche : a mass of snow, ice and rock that falls down the side of a mountain ; çığ..
but for : if it were not for ; except for ; olmasa, sayesinde..

p.34)
suspension : askıya alma, geçici olarak durdurma / uzaklaştırma..

acquittal : an official decision in court that a person is not guilty of a crime ; aklanma, beraat kararı,
temize çıkma..

incident : something that happens, especially something unusual or unpleasant ; a serious or violent
event, such as a crime, an accident or an attack ; hadise, olay, çatışma..

spectacularly : breathtakingly ; in a very impressive way ; nefes kesici bir şekilde, ilgi çekici bir
biçimde..

miscarry : come to nothing ; (of a plan) to fail ; istenilen sonucu vermemek, suya düşmek, başarısız
olmak, düşük yapmak..

fall from favour : gözden düşmek, yıldızı sönmek..

topple : overthrow ; itip yuvarlamak, devirmek, düşecek gibi yana yatmak, sendelemek..
at the expense of somebody / something : with loss or damage to somebody / something ; kaybı /
zarar görmesi pahasına..

on behalf of somebody | on somebody’s behalf : as the representative of somebody or instead of

them ; in order to help somebody ; because of somebody; for somebody ; birinin adına, birini
temsilen..

for the sake of somebody / something | for somebody’s / something’s sake : in order to help
somebody/something or because you like somebody / something ; … yararına / … hatrına..

galvanize : harekete geçirmek, çinko kaplamak..

pro- : (in adjectives) in favour of; supporting ; … yanlısı..

erupt : parlak vermek, püskürmek, fışkırtmak, (yanardağ) patlamak..

unprecedented : that has never happened, been done or been known before ; eşi benzeri
görülmemiş, benzeri yaşanmamış..

oppressive : baskıcı, bunaltıcı, zorba, sıcak ve nemli..

suppress : örtbas etmek, duyguyu bastırmak, çıkmasını yasaklamak, baskı altına almak..

escalation : the act of becoming or making something greater, worse, more serious, etc. ; artma,
tırmanma, yükseliş..

strife : conflict ; çekişme, çatışma, anlaşmazlık, mücadele, didişme..

militia : (milişaa) a group of people who are not professional soldiers but who have had military
training and can act as an army ; milis kuvvetleri..

full-fledged : completely developed; with all the qualifications necessary for something ; tam
donanımlı..

theorist : a person who develops ideas and principles about a particular subject in order to explain
why things happen or exist ; kuramcı..
shantytown : an area in or near a town where poor people live in shanties (=a small house, built of
pieces of wood, metal and cardboard, where very poor people live, especially on the edge of a big
city) ; gecekondu mahallesi..

35)
abolitionist : a person who is in favour of the abolition of something, especially capital punishment (=
punishment by death) or (in the past) slavery ; kölelik karşıtı, köleliğin kaldırılması taraftarı / yanlısı..

inhumane : not caring about the pain or problems of other people or animals; very cruel ; acımasız,
insafsız, merhametsiz, zalim..

enhance : to increase or further improve the good quality, value or status of somebody / something ;
yükseltmek, çoğaltmak, arttırmak, geliştirmek..

poll tax : a tax that must be paid at the same rate by every person or every adult in a particular area ;
kişi başına sabit oranda vergi, kelle vergisi..

disobedience : the act of failing or refusing to obey ; itaatsizlik, söz dinlemezlik, karşı gelme..

by / in virtue of something : by means of or because of something ; -den dolayı, nedeniyle..

incarcerate : imprison ; to put somebody in prison or in another place from which they cannot
escape ; hapsetmek..

fundamentally : basically; esasen, özünde, temelde..

eury- : broad or wide..

shoreline : the edge of a sea, lake, or wide river ; the edge of the sea, the ocean or a lake ; kıyı / sahil
şeridi..

shipboard : happening on a ship..

incomprehensible : unintelligible ; impossible to understand ; anlaşılamaz, akıl ermez, kavranamaz..

report – v. : rapor etmek, bildirmek, ihbar etmek..

as opposed to : used to make a contrast between two things ; -nın aksine, -e karşılık..
along with : in addition to somebody / something; in the same way as somebody / something ; ile
birlikte, yanısıra..

with respect to : in connection with ; ile ilgili olarak, -e dair, hususunda, bakımından..
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