Apuntes de Histología

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Propiedades y características de los tejidos.
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1. Especificidad. Tejido nervioso:
Tejido conectivo:
Tejido Muscular: Su especificidad es Su especificidad es la
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Su especificidad es la sostener otros tejidos. capacidad de trasmitir
contracción a través de impulsos nerviosos, a
proteínas filamentosas. través de la sinapsis.
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2. Capacidad de ¿Cómo se regeneran los
tejidos? Conceptos:
crecimiento y/o
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regeneración. Hiperplasia: Aumento
Desdiferenciación
anormal de tamaño de un
Crecimiento: Desarrollo. Migración órgano o tejido orgánico.
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Regeneración: Tejidos Proliferación Hipertrofia: Crecimiento
maduros. excesivo y anormal de un
Diferenciación órgano o una parte de él.
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Clasificación de los tejidos:

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Capacidad de cultivo. Cultivo biológico o
- Tejido epitelial.
Cultivo In vitro: Se hace en injerto: Puede ser de piel,
- Tejido conectivo, de
los laboratorios puede ser músculos, huesos.
sostén o conjuntivo.
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vidrio o plástico. - Tejido muscular.
- Tejido nervioso
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 Origen embrionario de los tejidos epiteliales y conectivos.

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ECTODERMO MESODERMO ENDODERMO

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‣ Epidermis y anexos. ‣ Epitelio de vías
‣ Epitelio y tejido respiratorias
‣ Epitelio de córnea y conjuntivo riñones y ‣ Epitelio de tubo
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cristalino. gónadas. digestivo
‣ Esmalte dentado. ‣ Mesotelio.
‣ Componentes oído ‣ Epitelio de glándulas
‣ Endotelio
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digestivas
interno. ‣ Corteza suprarrenal.
‣ Adenohipófisis. extramurales.
‣ Epitelio seminífero y ‣ Componentes del
‣ Tubo neural y derivados. conductos genitales
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epitelio de glándula
‣ Cresta neural y femeninos. tiroides, paratiroides
derivados.
y timo.
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‣ Epitelio de
revestimiento de
cavidad timpánica y
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trompa auditiva.

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Características de los tejidos epiteliales.

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Tejido compuesto por Estos epitelios revisten.

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células geométricas, muy
cercanas entre sí; Su
funcióndddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
está relacionada
con el revestimiento de
órganos y con la producción
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y secreción de compuestos.
Estos epitelios forman una
glándula.
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 Características: Funciones:
- dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
Alta celularidad.
- Tapizar la superficie del
- Tejido avascular.
cuerpo (epidermis).
- Inervados.
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- Revestir cavidades
- Son polarizados
corporales (Estomago,
morfológicamente. (Esto
Útero).
quiere decir que tienen 3
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- Secreción (Glándulas)
caras:
- Actúa como receptores
1. Cara Apical: Parte
sensoriales.
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superior.
- Protección (barrera)
2. Cara basal: Parte
sistema inmunológico
inferior. (Se encuentra
innato.
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una membrana basal)
- Absorción (sangre)
3. Cara lateral: Lados.
- Trasporte.
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Apical

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Lateral
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Basal
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Tejidos Epiteliales de
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‣ Función:
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Sirven para tapizar, revestir,

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cubrir.
‣ Existen varios tipos y distintas
formas.
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 Clasificación de los epitelios de revestimiento.

dddddd y Estratos celulares:  Estratificado: Más de

Forma celular:
una capa celular.
 Simple: Solo tienen
Planas:
una capa de células. Estratificado plano:
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Epitelio plano simple:

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Cubicas:
Estratificado cúbico:
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Epitelio cúbico simple: dddddddddddd

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Cilíndricas: Tiene núcleo
ovoide Estratificado cilíndrico:

Epitelio cilíndrico simple:

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Categoría especial: Epitelio de transición (urotelio): (Vejiga)

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Epitelio Pseudoestratificado: (Tráquea) - Es un epitelio Polimorfo o mixto.
- Falsamente estratificado. - Esta formado por 3 tipos de
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un tipo de epitelio donde los células:
núcleos se encuentran en Células basales (cilíndricas).
distintas alturas, por lo que le da Células intermedias (raquetas).
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Células en forma de paragua
apariencia de tener varias
capas. (células de arriba).
- Todas las celulas llegan a la
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membrana basal, pero no todas
a la zona apical.
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-

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 Queratinización:
Especialización: Cilios: Prolongaciones Estereocilios: Son
citoplasmáticas microvellosidades Capa más superficial
Microvellosidades: móviles, formadas por inmóviles de gran de celulas muertas
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Prolongaciones pares de microtúbulos. longitud. convertidas en
citoplasmáticas digitiformes. queratina que se
Función: Movilización, Función: Absorción y
Función: Aumento o descaman
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transporte, receptores sensoriales.
amplificación de la superficie continuamente.
mecanorreceptores.
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celular.
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Localización de epitelios.
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Endotelio: Mesotelio:
Epiteliodddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddd
simple plano, que Epitelio simple plano,
reviste los vasos que revisten las
sanguíneos de forma cavidades abdominal,
interna dddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddkkkkkk
pericárdica y pleural.

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Urotelio: Epitelio
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Respiratorio

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