Pump and Pumping Systems 6.2 Caution for running 1. Open valves and cocks. 2. Ensure the motor rotation is in correct direction order. 3. Don't drive it in empty state for 30 seconds or longer. 4, Take a sufficient care at the first running after the installation. ‘The pump may seize owing to carlessness during installation work. Pump is used as waste oil pump. ROTATION 7 Figure 6.7 - Trochoid Gear Pump 7. CENTRIFUGAL PUMP J wemea 2 ‘rete Spering sie Seton bench t sais | | Seis ae ~ Figure 6.8 - Centrifugal pump 4 +___Pump and Pumping Systems Construction and Working ‘The pump consists of a rotating impeller within a stationary casing. The impeller construc- tion has two discs joined at in between surface by a set of internal curved vanes. Impeller has an eye (opening) at the centre and is mounted on shaft, which is driven by an electric motor, steam engine through crank mechanism or turbine, or other prime mover. Opening in the sides of the impeller near the shaft, called eye, communicates with the suc- tion branch 4s shown in figure 6.8, Assume there is a certain amount of fluid at the eye of the rotating impeller. The fluid will flow radially outwards (because of centrifugal action) along the curved vanes in the impeller, increasing its linear velocity. ‘The fluid leaves the impeller in a similar manner to sparks shooting from a Catherine wheel. ‘The high velocity fluid is collected in specially shaped casing (volute casing), where some of the kinetic energy of the fluid is converted into pressure energy. Fluid under pressure now leaves the impeller producing a drop in pressure behind it atthe eye of the impeller. This causes fluid from the suction pipe to flow into pump under atmospheric pressure and subsequently that fluid also gets discharged like earlier one. This way fluid in the pump acts like a piston moving outwards and causing drop in pressure behind it, However, if initially there is no liquid at the eye, there will be no pumping action as explained Centrifugal pump therefore is not a self-priming pump. In such case, where normally at start of the pump the level of the liquid is below the eye of the centrifugal pump, we have following alternatives: - 1. Prime the pump: Use an air pump initially to draw out air from the suction branch & thus ‘make liquid rise to the eye under atmospheric pressure. Example: Emergency fire pump. Bilge and ballast pump, see figure 6.9. > es Over board a Air out eee iy L~ E/R Bilge well Figure 6.9 - Bilge & Ballast pump, using initially a reciprocating air pump to draw out the air present in the suction branch * in absence of Liquid, air (sometimes also vapour) will be present a the eye, and owing to its light density air could be thrown out under centrifugal force only if rpm of the impeller is very very high (Turbo charger blower).Pump and Pumping Systems Figure 6.10 shows an automatic arrangement for pumping out bilges, using a centrifugal pump, wherein the air (vane) pump will get engaged automatically and draw out any air at the start or during running. Once air is drawn out it will get disengaged automatically. Automatic ‘engage disengage mechanism Dischorge pressure being drown’ from suction DiscKorge - Figure 6.10 - Centrifugal Pump with automatic engage & disengage type air pump, for bilge & ballast duty. TL In case of pumping out engine room bilges using a centrifugal pump - we can prime the pump by initially drawing in water from outside sea, level of which is higher. Once ‘water runs into the eye of rotating impeller, the suction branch of pump can be switched ‘over from sea to engine room bilge’s and pumping out of bilge’s can now commence, see figure 6.11. Figure 6.11 - Pumping out of bilges, using centrifugal pump. yyPump and Pumping Systems Similar method can be used when stripping a cargo tank. Initial liquid can be drawn from an oil tank, level of which is higher than the pump, figure 6.12. rt Pump room (Corgo Tank Cargo tank (ui) (to be stripped Figure 6.12 - Priming of centrifugal type cargo pump of a tanker 7.1 Performance Characteristic Curves of a Centrifugal Pump: 7.1.1 Q-H curve; Flow rate-Q (m’/Hr), is plotted against discharge head - H (m). 7.1.2 Q-n curve; Flow rate-Q (m*/Hr), is plotted against pump efficiency - 1(%), See Figure 6.13. Flow rate (Q) & Discharge head (H) cue (m) of Uquid heod Fow rote (Q) & Os ertciency Eitficiency (M) curve Normal duty-heod & flow rale——— Few Rate (0) Here the eiency wil be ‘maximum. (m3/Hour) Figure 6.13 - QH & Q-n curves