ble to explain only the series not explain the multiple 0 atom. Sommerfeld’s ire of the spectral d not predict the cor- it gave no information d’s theory could not ex- explain new discoveries lines could be spit Scanned with CamScannerStructure of the Atom a. Bohr’s theory, the orbits are 2 magnitude (i.¢., their size and form) only. But ac- cording (9 quantum theory, the direction or orientation of the orbits in space also should be quantised, To specify the orientation of the electron orbit in we need a fixed reference axis. This reference line is chosen as the direction of an external magnetic field that is applied to the atom. The dif- ferent permitted orientations of an electron orbit are determined by the fact on: ee quantised orbits on the field direction must them- idea of space quantisation leads to an explanation fe The Stemn-Garlach experiment provided an excellent of atom. To account for the observed fine sucture of ‘the anomalous Zeeman effect, the concept of oduced by Uhlenbeck and Goudsmit in 1926. Ac- the electron spins about an axis of its own, while cleus of the atom in its orbit. The spin of the spinning of a planet about its own axis, as it ound the sun. In othér words, the electron 1s ‘over and above the orbital motion. According n of the electron also should be quantised. d the spin quantum number(s) \s ntro- motions are both quantised in magnitude ‘of spatial quantisation, they are con- ode! based on these quan- : 2 * Scanned with CamScanner