For references on security issues, consult PIPS

See annual report of HRCP

Terrorism and extremism:
Historical background of terrorism in Pakistan.
1. The roots of terrorism can be traced back to 1979 when the Soviet Union invaded
Afghanistan. Pakistan supported Afghan Mujahedeen.
2. since 9/11, Pakistan has launched a series of military operations, resulting in a major
decline in terrorism.
3. In 2017, Afghanistan’s Chief Executive Abdullah Abdullah admitted that TTP has a
foothold in Afghanistan.
4. In 2019, US Defense Department claimed that some 3000 to 5000 TTP terrorists are
in Afghanistan.
5. Ac to a report by Brown University's Watson Institute for International and Public
Affairs, 23,372 Pakistani civilians and 8,832 Pakistani security personnel were killed
in the War on Terrorism.
6. Economic loss due to war on terror: from 2001 to 2018: $126.79bn ac to Pak Gov
official.
7. Afghanistan involvement: the former Afghan President’s spokesperson confessed
that the NDAS was working with TPP.
8. Indian involvement: detention of Kulbhushan Jadhav in March 2016.
9. As a result of selective military operations conducted by the Pakistan Army,
According to the South Asian Terrorism Portal Index (SATP), terrorism in Pakistan
had declined by 89% in 2017 since its peak years in 2009.
10. anti-Pakistan terrorist groups: the TTP, JUA, BLA, BNA, BLF
Causes:
a. Pakistan’s military support to the US against the Taliban and Al Qaeda militants:
Operation Enduring Freedom form 2001-2003
b. Discrimination and marginalization,
c. Poor governance: “in Pakistan, government is “weak and expansive”, cumbersome,
centralized and inefficient,” Dr. Ishrat Hussain.
Military operations in Pakistan and their implications:

Measures:
  Strengthening human right and addressing grievances of depressed
communities.
 Strengthening the rule of law, role of religious leaders.
 Policy-makers must engage with youth, women, and the religious leaders.
 Repealing discriminatory laws
 a comprehensive national-counter extremism policy
 A trilateral forum, PAK-China-Afghanistan, proves best to eradicating
terrorism.
 Maddressah reforms, introducing V, training centres in Maddressah.
 Paigham-e-Pakistan Fatwa, 2018: over 1800 clerics of different confessional
backgrounds had endorsed to shun militancy and extremism.
Missing Persons:
Years 2021 2019/20 2018 2018 2023 2023
Countries US, NCIC UK, MPU Germany India Iran Pakistan
rpt
Missing 546,568 325,171 11,000 347,524 50,000- Only 9203
persons 60,000

Balochistan has two types of challenges: the Baloch insurgents and the TTP threats.
Terrorist attacks in Pakistan by years, Pakistan Institutes of Peace Study (Pips)
Date Number of attack Causalities Injured person
2020-2021 Aug 165 attacks 294 killed 598 injured
2021-2022 Aug 250 attacks 433 killed 719 injured
a/c Pakistan Institute for Conflict and Security Studies, in 2023, 29 suicide attacks
took place, loss of 329 lives. 90pc more from last year.
A/c to CRSS, nearly 1000 Pakistanis killed in 2023 including some 500 security
personnel. Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan, or TTP, Tehreek-e-Jihad Pakistan, or TJP,
separate Baloch insurgents mostly claimed or blamed this. 789 attacks and counter-
terrorim operations took place.
51pc rise in a single year after Taliban regime.
In the first 6 months of the 2023 year, 271 militant attacks took place across the country-
resulting in 389 fatalities and over 650 injuries. Attack on Zhob chekpost, 9 soldiers
martyred.
In a single month of August, around 100 terrorist incidents took place
TTP demands:
a. Revival of FATA merger,
b. Islamic laws implementation,
c. Release of all TTP prisoners.
Baloch grievances:
a. Remnants of Sardari system: private jail.
b. Scarcity of water, disappearances, extrajudicial killings, and illegal detentions of
youth, accountability of perpetrators
c. A hotspot for climate impact.