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All living things need food. Food gives us energy. It also keeps us t and healthy.
Carbohydrates
Functions
Carbohydrates give us energy. Hence, food items rich in
carbohydrates are called energy-giving food.
Sources
Cereals, bread, potato, banana and sweets are rich in
carbohydrates. People who do more physical activity
need more carbohydrate.
Fats Food items rich in carbohydrates
Functions
Fats also give us energy. We get more energy from fats than from carbohydrates. Fats help to
keep the body warm. Extra fat is stored in our body for future use. erefore, fats are the
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energy bank of our body. However, we must not
consume too much fat.
Sources
OIL
Oil, ghee, butter, meat and nuts are rich in fats.
Proteins
Functions Food items rich in fats
BALANCED DIET
The food we eat is called diet. A diet that has right
amounts of all nutrients is called a balanced diet. A
balanced diet must also contain roughage and water.
FOOD PRESERVATION
All food items go bad when they are left out in the open
for a long time. is is because warmth and moisture in
the air help the germs to grow faster. Balanced diet
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The process by which we can make food last longer is called food preservation. It involves
prevention of the growth of germs in the food. Sometimes, we add substances like oil, salt or
sugar to prevent food from getting spoiled. These are called preservatives.
We Can Preserve Food in Many Ways as Given Below:
1. Refrigeration: Fruits, vegetables, milk and cooked food can last for a few days if we
store them in a refrigerator.
2. Deep freezing: Some vegetables and meat products are frozen to make them last for
a long time.
3. Pickling: Some foods are salted and dipped in oil for preservation. Most pickles are
made like this.
4. Drying: Some foods are dried for preservation. Peas, grapes, chillies, peaches and
most of the spices are preserved in this manner.
5. Canning and bottling: We add preservatives to some foods and then store them in
airtight containers.
Drying
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CHECK YOURSELF
A. Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct option:
1. A ________________ (balanced diet/vegetable) has the right amount of all the nutrients.
2. A balanced diet must also contain ________________(chlorophyll/roughage) and water.
3. Food, if kept for a long time, gets ________________ (spoilt/balanced).
4. ________________ (Spoilt/Balanced) food is unhealthy for us.
B. Name the method of preservation for each food item given below:
1. Grapes ______________________________________________________________
2. Mango ______________________________________________________________
3. Milk ______________________________________________________________
4. Fish ______________________________________________________________
Nutrients : substances which are present in our food and help in the growth of our body.
Balanced diet : a diet that provides us with all the nutrients needed in the correct propor on to
keep our body healthy.
Protec ve food : they are minerals and vitamins which protect us from diseases.
Preserva on : saving food from ge ng spoiled.
v The main nutrients present in food are carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals,
roughage and water.
v Carbohydrates give us energy.
v Proteins are needed for building and repairing the body.
v Fruits, vegetables, milk and eggs are rich in vitamins.
v The undigested part of the food is called roughage.
v Water is needed for proper health of our body.
v A diet that has right amounts of all nutrients is called a balanced diet.
v The process by which we can make food last longer is called preservation.
v Healthy eating habits help us to digest our food easily.
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Exercise
A. Name any two sources of the following:
1. Carbohydrates __________________ __________________
2. Proteins __________________ __________________
3. Fats __________________ __________________
4. Vitamins __________________ __________________
5. Minerals __________________ __________________
6. Roughage __________________ __________________
B. Write T for the correct statements or F for the wrong ones. Correct the wrong
statements:
1. Food items rich in proteins are called energy-giving food.
2. Fats help in repairing the body.
3. Vitamins and minerals are called body-building food.
4. e food we eat is called diet.
5. A balanced diet has the right amount of all nutrients.
6. A balanced diet must also contain roughage and water.
7. Food, if kept for a long time, gets spoilt.
C. Answer the following questions:
1. Name the main nutrients that make us strong and healthy.
2. What is roughage?
3. Name some ways in which you can preserve food.
D. Fill in the blanks by choosing the correct option:
1. Substances that make us strong and healthy are called ______________
(nutrients/chocolates).
2. Food items rich in ______________ (carbohydrates/proteins) are called energy
giving food.
3. ______________(Fats/Proteins) help to keep the body warm.
4. Food items rich in ______________(proteins/fats) are called body-building food.
5. e ______________ (digested/undigested) part of the food is called roughage.
6. We should drink plenty of ______________ (water/soft drinks) every day.
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E. De ne the following terms:
1. Roughage 2. Balanced diet
F. Answer the following questions in your own words:
1. Write any two functions of nutrients in our body.
2. What are the main nutrients found in food items?
3. Why are food items rich in carbohydrates called energy-giving food?
4. Write two functions of fats.
5. Why do we need proteins? What are food items rich in proteins called?
6. Write any three sources of proteins.
7. Write the main function of protective food.
8. In what way is roughage useful to our body?
9. List any three ways to preserve food.
Activity Time
A. Tanya's mother always encourages her to drink milk, and eat eggs and pulses. Why do
you think she does so?
B. Look at the packets and cans containing different types of food. Read their labels
carefully. See if they have the following nutrients:
1. Carbohydrates 2. Fats
3. Proteins 4. Vitamins
5. Minerals
Make a table similar to the one given below. List the nutrients found in each food item.
One has been done for you.
A packet of chips
A packet of dal
A packet of butter
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Be a young
Researcher
At home, we keep leftover foods, vegetables, milk, sh, ice cream, etc., in a refrigerator. A
refrigerator runs on electricity. Just imagine, there is no electricity for several days. What
will your parents do in such a situation?
Probably, when your grandparents were young, there was no electricity connection at home.
Even today, many households, in villages or even in towns, do not have a refrigerator.
In earlier days, people applied various other techniques to keep perishable items fresh for
several days.
Talk to your parents, grandparents or any other old person you know and nd out from
them the food preservation techniques they used to apply. Also nd out if these techniques
also depend on the climate of the particular place.
Prepare a report by listing all the different techniques you discover. Try to nd at least three
ways to preserve food.
Let Us Visit
Along with your friends, visit a departmental store and go to the
Frozen Food section. What do you observe there? You can see big deep
freezers where frozen food items are kept. If we keep these items in
open, they get spoilt. But, if kept in deep freezers, they can remain
fresh for many days without getting spoilt. When you buy such items,
you should also keep them in the freezer of your refrigerator.
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