CHAPTER 1

Modeling Our Orderly World

pp. 3–23
Section 1A:
Order in Our World
 1A Questions
• How does physical science relate to other
sciences?
• What are some evidences of order in the world
around us?
• Why is there order in our world?
• How can we use science to glorify God and help
others?
• How can scientists make ethical decisions?
pp. 3–11
 What is physical
science?

Section 1.1
science
the systematic study of the universe to
produce observations, inferences, and models
physical science
the study of nonliving matter and energy

Physics Chemistry
physics
the study of matter and energy and the
interactions between them
chemistry
the study of the composition, structure, and
properties of matter as well as changes in
matter
 What evidence do
we have that the
universe is
orderly?

Section 1.2
 Weather
Molecular Design
patterns
Patterns patterns

Predictable
events
Ability to classify elements
 Why is it
important that the
universe is
orderly?
 Uniformity in nature and the
law of cause and effect allow us to
make predictions in science.
What is the source
of order in our
universe?

God created the

universe with order
because He is a God
of order.
 Why do we do
science?

Section 1.3
Creation Mandate
the command given in Genesis 1, instructing
man to fill the earth and have dominion over it
 How do we decide
whether or not a
particular use of
science is right or
wrong?

Section 1.4
ethics
a system of moral values or a theory of proper
conduct
Discussion
Watermelon without seeds
Small tomato by genetic manipulation
DNA manipulation (Gene Editing Technology)
to cure the disease
Making artificial organs using 3D printers.
 1A REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Define science in your own words.

p. 11
 1A REVIEW QUESTIONS
2. Graphically display the relationship
between social science, natural science,
physical science, chemistry, and physics.

p. 11
 1A REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. Give an example of orderliness in nature.

p. 11
 1A REVIEW QUESTIONS
4. Why does order imply a Creator?

p. 11
 1A REVIEW QUESTIONS
5. Define ethics.

p. 11
 Section 1B:
Modeling Our World
 1B Questions
• Why are models important in physical science?
• What models are important in physical science?
• How do hypotheses, theories, and laws
compare?
• How do we do science?
• Why do we approach science systematically?

pp. 11–14
 How do scientists
explain and
describe the world
around them?

Section 1.5
model
a workable explanation or description of a
phenomenon
A model may be physical, conceptual, or
mathematical.
theory
a model that explains a related set of
phenomena
law
a model that describes phenomena under
certain conditions

It does not attempt to explain the phenomena.

What is the key to a
good model?
workability
the basis upon which a model is assessed,
taking into account how well it explains or
describes a set of observations and how well
the model makes predictions
 How do scientists
do science?

Section 1.6
scientific inquiry
an ongoing, orderly, cyclical approach
used to investigate the world
Scientific Inquiry
Observation
Posing Questions
Research
Forming Hypotheses
hypothesis
an initial, testable explanation of a
phenomenon that stimulates and guides the
scientific investigation
Scientific Inquiry
Observation
Posing Questions
Research
Forming Hypotheses
Investigation
Analysis
Conclusion
Communication
 1B REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What is a model?

p. 14
 1B REVIEW QUESTIONS
2. How do scientists use models?

p. 14
 1B REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. What is a theory?

p. 14
 1B REVIEW QUESTIONS
4. How does a law differ from a theory?

p. 14
 1B REVIEW QUESTIONS
5. What is the central activity in the orderly
process of science?

p. 14
 1B REVIEW QUESTIONS
6. What is a hypothesis?

p. 14
Section 1C:
Using Mathematics
for Scientific
Inquiry
 1C Questions
• Why do scientists use the SI?
• How do we collect data?
• Why do I need math to do science?
• Aren’t accuracy and precision the same thing?
• What can I tell about a scientist’s instrument from
his measurements?
• How can I change units in the SI?
• What happens when scientists are not accurate?
pp. 14–20
How do I report data?

Quantitative data is
based on numbers
and is obtained by
measuring.
Section 1.7
measurement
• data that is based on numbers or quantities
• includes a number and a unit
• also known as quantitative data
 How do I get a perfect
measurement?

You can’t!
Every measurement
has a degree of
uncertainty to it.

Section 1.9
accuracy
the comparison of a measurement to an
accepted or expected value
precision
the degree of exactness of a measurement
 Which bag is heavier?

We need a
standard system of measurement
and a
way to convert between alternate
systems of measurement. 52 lb.
39 kg
SI (Système International d’Unités)
• a standardized system of measurement
units used for science
• stands for “International System of Units”
SI Fundamental Units
Length: meter (m)
Mass: kilogram (kg)
Time: second (s)
Electric current: ampere (A)
Temperature: kelvin (K)
Amount of substance: mole (mol)
Intensity of light: candela (cd)
Metric Prefixes
G
giga- Factor: 109 (1 000 000 000)
Example: The Three Gorges Dam produces 22.5 GW (gigawatts) of electrical power.

M
mega- Factor: 106 (1 000 000)
Example: A local radio station transmits on a frequency of 93.5 MHz (megahertz).

k
kilo- Factor: 103 (1000)
Example: The distance from Greenville, SC to Orlando, Florida, is 857 km (kilometers).
Metric Prefixes
d
deci- Factor: 10-1 (0.1)
Example: a jet fighter produces 111 dB (decibels) of sound.

c
centi- Factor: 10-2 (0.01)
Example: The length of a candy bar may be 10.0 cm (centimeters).

m
mill- Factor: 10-3 (0.001)
Example: A dose of cough syrup might be 10 mL (milliliters).
Metric Prefixes

micro- Factor: 10-6 (0.000 001)
Example: A human hair has an average diameter of 85 m (micrometers).

n
nano- Factor: 10-9 (0.000 000 001)
Example: 680 nm (nanometers) is the wavelength of red light.

Factor: 103 (1000)

 How do I convert
between units?

You can convert

between any two units
of measures as long as
you know the
conversion factor.
Section 1.10
How do I convert
between units?

𝐅𝐚𝐜𝐭:
12 in. = 1 ft
𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐫𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫:
1 ft 12 in.
or
12 in. 1 ft
EXAMPLE 1-1
Unit Conversion

1 260 000 s = ? h

1 min 1h 1 260 000 h

1 260 000 s ( 60 s ) (60 min) = = 350 h
3600
EXAMPLE 1-2
Unit Conversion Between Metric Prefixes
How many nanoliters (nL) are in 345 ML (megaliters)?
345 ML = ? nL

106 L 1 nL 345 x 106 nL

345 ML ( )( −9 ) = = 345 x 𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟓
nL
1 ML 10 L 1 x 10−9

convert to scientific notation = 3.45 x 𝟏𝟎𝟏𝟕 nL

EXAMPLE 1-2
Unit Conversion in Derived Units
What is the speed in km/h of a jet traveling at 153 m/s?
153 m km
=?
s h
153 m 1 km 60 s 60 m in 550800 km
( 3 )( )( ) =
s 10 m 1 m in 1h 1 x 103 h

km
= 551
h
HOW IT WORKS
Balances and Scales
• Both balances and scales basically weigh things, but
use slightly different dimensions.
• A balance measures mass, while a scale measures
weight.
• A balance works much like a seesaw, balancing an
unknown mass with a known mass.
• A scale measures force due to gravity (weight).
• A scale uses a spring system to determine the
amount of force being applied.
p. 18
 1C REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. Compare qualitative and quantitative data.

p. 20
 1C REVIEW QUESTIONS
2. What does SI stand for?

p. 20
 1C REVIEW QUESTIONS
3. Compare fundamental units with derived
units.

p. 20
 1C REVIEW QUESTIONS
4. List the seven fundamental SI units,
including symbols, with the dimension that
each one represents.

p. 20
 1C REVIEW QUESTIONS
5. Give the symbol, factor, and exponential
form associated with the metric prefix
micro-.

p. 20
 1C REVIEW QUESTIONS
6. Explain one way in which the SI is
preferable to the US customary system of
units.

p. 20
 1C REVIEW QUESTIONS
7. Define accuracy.

p. 20
 1C REVIEW QUESTIONS
8. Convert the following:
a. 37.4 mL into ML
b. 689 km/hr into m/s
c. 34.5 m2 into mm2

p. 20