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The State bears a primary responsibility for developing an appropriate system to provide assistance
and protection to its workforce. The member women are entitled to maternity benefit, health. Along
with these inconsistencies and gaps, the centrality of the status of employment in extant regimes has
excluded a large number of workers who fall through the crack. Then alone a socialist Democracy is
possible in this country and industrial relations of a higher order can be maintained for the benefit of
the country and the community. Labour laws play a vital role in providing social security to the
employees of different sector. In view of these shortcomings, a shift to universal citizenship-based
social security schemes is advocated. It also advocates for a decentralized approach involving local
institutions and integrating social security with poverty alleviation efforts, tailored to help the
upwardly mobile poor and ultra poor. However, due to limited capacity of the state just after the
turmoil of the Independence a large chunk of the social security obligation were place under the
DPSP, which are non-justifiable. The Supreme Court made progress with the issuance of Guidelines
for the Implementation of Oversight within the Judiciary and the Joint Dec. It is System Initiative on
Shaping the Future of Energy. UUD berisi tiga pokok materi muatan, yakni pertama, adanya jaminan
terhadap hak-hak asasi manusia dan warganegara; kedua ditetapkannya susunan ketatanegaraan
suatu negara yang bersifat fundamental; dan ketiga, adanya pembagian dan pembatasan tugas
ketatanegaraan yang juga bersifat fundamental. The enforcement of labour laws for social security in
the country clearly indicates number of inspections, prosecutions and convictions taken place.
Organized Social Security Measures in statutory form are of recent originas a key factor in Industrial
system to protect employees and their dependents against contingencies like disability, sickness,
employment injury and unemployment. This paper concludes that company has a responsibility to
correct the wrong and put the victim in the original prompt. The Government had launched the
scheme with effect from 1st June 2015. The Central Government shall contribute Rs. 1000 per. Louis
Region Bayesian Analysis Fundamentals with Examples Bayesian Analysis Fundamentals with
Examples Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research and Its Importance in Daily Life.pptx Practical
Research 1: Qualitative Research and Its Importance in Daily Life.pptx Uncovering Consumers’
Hidden Narratives Uncovering Consumers’ Hidden Narratives John See - Narrative Story John See -
Narrative Story Social security schemes in india mrigesh 1. It is a security provided by the society to
its members, particularly the weaker ones, so that they. Employees are also entitled to an additional
month of paid leave in case of complications arising due to pregnancy, delivery, premature birth,
miscarriage, medical termination, or a tubectomy operation (two weeks in this case). The efficiency,
extent of coverage, finding suitable policy and approaches to strengthen the delivery system
according to priorities through planned justice for inclusive growth is the need of the day.This paper
describes about the implications of various social security benefits provided to the labours in India.
See Full PDF Download PDF About Press Blog People Papers Topics Job Board We're Hiring. Keep
in mind, however, that the government-controlled social security system in India applies to only a
small portion of the population. From 1940, when slightly more than 222,000 people received
monthly Social Security benefits, until today when over 50 million people receive such benefits,
Social Security has grown steadily. Also, since formal employment is a meagre 7% in India, as per
economic survey 2013-14, thus an overwhelming majority of the citizens were mostly dependent
more on the social structure rather than on the state for their social security. The convention prohibits
torture, assaults upon personal dignity, and execution without judgment. The contribution pattern is
the same as in Social Security Group. Download Free PDF View PDF JURNAL INTERNATIONAL
LAW SCIL UDAYANA The title of this paper is the corporate responsibility and the liability impact
on the Environment Gulf of Mexico case. As this topic is in relation to the essential functioning of
the Employees Provident Fund Organisation. It is increasingly viewed as an integral part of the
development process. You can download the paper by clicking the button above.
The traditional classification of welfare states is being addressed through a path-dependency
perspective. One of these changes happened in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It came in the
aftermath of Asian financial crisis of 1999 and is a forum of governments and central bank
governors from 20 major economies. Finally, the welfare states are described briefly under cultural,
social, economic, and political prism, pinpointing their deficiencies and mapping their patterns.
These Conventions and their Additional Protocols set out how soldiers and civilians should be
treated during armed conflict. The Pension Scheme Performance Evaluation Model (PSPE-Model)
intends to study the performance of pension schemes from a macroeconomic perspective. Bursitis is
inflammation or irritation of a bursa sac. Secondly, we present a new indicator, “The Social Security
Plans Performance Index (SSPP-Index)” is intended to offer policymakers and researchers an
additional analytical tool to study the coverage, efficiency, effectiveness, trend, and future of any
social security plan as a whole. Key challenges include designing such an inclusive, participatory
system and improving governance of participating institutions. It covers agricultural labourers but the
upper age limit is 50 years, the. It is argued that India had a long tradition of informal social security
and social assistance system directed particularly towards the more vulnerable sections of the society
but underwent steady and inevitable erosion. It is System Initiative on Shaping the Future of Energy.
Its objective is rather to provide a brief outline of the concepts and the principles as well as the
description of the established institutional framework. As per the Concurrent list of Article 41 of
Indian Constitution “The State shall, within the limits of. She started collecting benefits in January
1940 at age 65 and lived to be 100 years old, dying in 1975. For compliance purposes, companies
should note that this particular provision will come into effect from July 1, 2017. Delinking social
security from occupation and predicating it on citizenship would extend these schemes to informal
atypical workers and persons out of work and thereby make the constitutional right of social security
a substantive entitlement for our citizenry. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and
more securely, please take a few seconds to upgrade your browser. The group’s chair rotates annually
among the members and is selected from a different regional grouping of countries. Social Security
in India covers treatment, rehabilitation or compensation. The Social Security Act was signed in to
law by President Franklin D. Definitely, it will help the system to create a more positive attitude over
the challenge of globalization and technological changes. Nothing should be done under threat but
on a clear understanding that whatever is good and is due to the labor, must be given. Freedom from
want and security against economic fear is the minimum that has to be secured to its people in the
country. Disconnected from their families and villages they were completely dependent on their
wages. They will be able to get information from employers about their female employees, regarding
the kind of work they do and the wages they are paid, as well as enquire about any complaints they
may have. The Government and the factory owners must fully understand the labor psychology and
a change in their outlook and attitude is desired to secure the industrial peace. India now has the
third most maternity leave in the world, following Canada (50 weeks) and Norway (44 weeks).
Finally, the main objective is to apply the EPFRV Box to extend the significance of the impact of
inflation and the exchange rate on any pension plan system (in this case EPF) beyond mere theory,
using them as practical instruments to solve retirement and pensioner’s problems. The ninth chapter
formulates a comprehensive pension fund framework for enhancing system capacity to manage
economic and social risks. From 1940, when slightly more than 222,000 people received monthly
Social Security benefits, until today when over 50 million people receive such benefits, Social
Security has grown steadily.
Download Free PDF View PDF HUKUM KONSTITUSI DI INDONESIA Prisca Oktaviani
Samosir Kedudukan konstitusi merupakan elemen esensial dalam sebuah negara. Employees found in
the formal sector usually enjoy social security benefits. As of March 31, 2019, 51,20,000 women
have benefitted from the scheme. Covered unders Social Security Not covered under social security
schemes. As per 2015 data following schemes are added under the Social Assistance Schemes. It’s
related with oil spills incident and impact on the environment. Labour laws play a vital role in
providing social security to the employees of different sector. The researcher through studying
various regulations, and constitutional rights will prove that this kind of change both the external and
internal control method in Indian society such as, stringent law and economic conditions as well as
the independent economic status of unorganized labours and existence of clear strategy to provide
effective social security can reduce poverty among unorganized labours in India. Report this
Document Download now Save Save Social Security in India For Later 100% (1) 100% found this
document useful (1 vote) 351 views 49 pages Social Security in India Uploaded by Karan Gupta AI-
enhanced description Social Security is the protection given by society to its Member against
contigencies of modern life. In India, some of the small enterprises also provide labour law benefits
without attempting to violate them through commission of unfair labour practices. Download Free
PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently
unavailable. It is important to note that an employer can choose to pay more gratuity to an employee,
which is known as ex-gratia and is a voluntary contribution. Download Free PDF View PDF See
Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. There are ten
persons employed in a shop and therefore the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972, becomes applicable to
the shop. Insurance Scheme but the insurance cover has more slab under this. It also advocates for a
decentralized approach involving local institutions and integrating social security with poverty
alleviation efforts, tailored to help the upwardly mobile poor and ultra poor. The centrally funded
social security schemes cover the rural and urban areas under National. The Industrial Programmes
based on the ideals of human dignity and social justice will relieve the anxiety of the poor labours
through financial benefit and medical care. The question is how effective laws can be used to
increase the productivity of the labour force including both men and women. Rs 75 per month Old
people with little or no income support. It was observed that at a different period in time, the social
security research focused on different national and international issues that invoked different social
welfare programs and pension systems approach (public or private) to facilitate the explanation of its
final socio-economic impact into different social groups in the same country or region respectively.
This does not impact employees contributing to and receiving benefits from the ESI. Yet, multiplicity
of legislation has created errors of harmonisation and engendered a regime riddled with variance in
legal standards and rights of workers. The Employee Pension Scheme (EPS) is contributed to by the
employer (8.33 percent) and the government (1.16 percent), but not the employee. But not only
about the liberal concept of security, but also about what is liberal and its relation with
economy,human rights, social and politic. Similarly, workers in the country must understand fully that
if they desire to secure their due place in the industrial economy of the country they must think more
in terms of responsibilities and duties and not interpret independence for impertinence and liberty for
license. The PSPE-Model tests whether the marginal optimum national pension system coverage
critical point based on the national productivity growth performance is simultaneously determined by
the efficient coordination of private and public pension system programs coverage and the national
productivity level. The traditional classification of welfare states is being addressed through a path-
dependency perspective. One in seven Americans receives a Social Security benefit, and more than
90 percent of all workers are in jobs covered by Social Security. Remittance, Credit, Insurance,
Pension in an affordable manner.
Payment of monthly Social Security benefits began in January 1940 and was authorized not only for
aged retired workers but for their aged wives or widows, children under age 18, and surviving aged
parents. Social security and social integration: The multiple functions of welfare policies Gert
Verschraegen Download Free PDF View PDF Assignment a: Comparative Study of the Social
Security Systems in Europe KALANTARY ZAHRA DARANY Download Free PDF View PDF See
Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Evolution has
been slow, sporadic and on a more or less selective basis. Download Free PDF View PDF SOCIAL
SECURITY IN INFORMAL SECTOR: A MYTH OR REALITY Seied Beniamin Hosseini I n the
present study, the author is going to consider related constitutional rights and existing regulations as
well as roots and coverage of social security in unorganized sectors in India. Industry owners should
treat the workers as co-partners. Finally, the welfare states are described briefly under cultural, social,
economic, and political prism, pinpointing their deficiencies and mapping their patterns. It helps to
create a more positive attitude to the challenge of globalization and the consequent structural and
technological changes. It shall illustrate the corporate responsibility, liability, chronological of the
Gulf of Mexico Case. This is subject to certain prescribed conditions, such as the number of years of
service of the employee. For the third child, the maternity leave entitled will be 12 weeks. So social
security was primarily provided by the community and the family. The paper also accomplishes to
fulfill objectives as follows: to understand the history of labour laws in India, to know the evolution
of labour laws in India, to identify classification of labour laws in India. By continuing to use our
website, you agree to our Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy. Accept. The enforcement of labour laws
for social security in the country clearly indicates number of inspections, prosecutions and
convictions taken place. The convention prohibits torture, assaults upon personal dignity, and
execution without judgment. It includes four conventions, with three protocols added on since 1949.
Scholars can use them for free to gain inspiration and new creative ideas for their writing
assignments. It was Title II that was the new social insurance program we now think of as Social
Security. Download Free PDF View PDF PEMBERDAYAAN HUKUM YANG HIDUP DALAM
MASYARAKAT (LIVING LAW) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN PERKARA DI
LUAR PENGADILAN (TRANSACTION OUT OF JUDICIARY) 1 J. Under the ESI Act,
employees or workers employed at the above mentioned categories earning wages up to INR 21,000
per month (up to INR 25,000 per month in case of person with disability) are entitled to this social
security scheme. It is argued that India had a long tradition of informal social security and social
assistance system directed particularly towards the more vulnerable sections of the society but
underwent steady and inevitable erosion. It is a security provided by the society to its members,
particularly the weaker ones, so that they. The traditional classification of welfare states is being
addressed through a path-dependency perspective. In such a case of forfeiture, there must be a
termination order containing the charges and the misconduct of the employee. The taxonomy of
pension arrangements is presented by giving emphasis on its legal status, format, type of
arrangement, and type of coverage. This paper concludes that company has a responsibility to correct
the wrong and put the victim in the original prompt. Mathadi Board charges only Rs 20 per month
from each worker. This chapter reviewed past and current literature and practices of various countries
to evaluate the effectiveness of reforms used from the aspect of structural and systemic parameters
focusing on sustainability and distributive impartiality. Social Security means the protection given by
society to its members against contingencies'. People. Please send me business news and updates for
Asia.
The informal sector represents the unprotected segment of the labour market. This theoretical review
concludes that there is no ideal pension scheme but there are reforms that have shown to be
beneficial to the sustainability and distributive impartiality of pension systems and such reforms
should be applied in combination to suit the economic dynamism of each individual country. The
new protection mechanism consists of two sub-funds: The National Integral Social Security Fund
(NISSF) and the National Education Fund (NEF). It is increasingly viewed as an integral part of the
development process. To qualify for sickness benefit, the insured worker is required to contribute for
78 days in a contribution period of six months. For example, if the employee has a total service of 10
years, 10 months and 25 days, 11 years will be factored into the calculation. Simulation findings
indicate that education, health, and income redistribution can improve the livelihood of the
vulnerable population groups in Malaysia. The Industrial Programmes based on the ideals of human
dignity and social justice will relieve the anxiety of the negative labours through monetary benefit
and hospital therapy. It’s related with oil spills incident and impact on the environment. The new
deadline to file this return is January 15, 2021. This chapter suggests a new analytical tool called
“Pensions Consistency (PC) Index” that identifies the level of consistency as well as the strengths
and weaknesses within any pension system. Louis Region Bayesian Analysis Fundamentals with
Examples Bayesian Analysis Fundamentals with Examples Practical Research 1: Qualitative
Research and Its Importance in Daily Life.pptx Practical Research 1: Qualitative Research and Its
Importance in Daily Life.pptx Uncovering Consumers’ Hidden Narratives Uncovering Consumers’
Hidden Narratives John See - Narrative Story John See - Narrative Story Social security schemes in
india mrigesh 1. Secondly, we present a new indicator, “The Social Security Plans Performance
Index (SSPP-Index)” is intended to offer policymakers and researchers an additional analytical tool
to study the coverage, efficiency, effectiveness, trend, and future of any social security plan as a
whole. UUD berisi tiga pokok materi muatan, yakni pertama, adanya jaminan terhadap hak-hak asasi
manusia dan warganegara; kedua ditetapkannya susunan ketatanegaraan suatu negara yang bersifat
fundamental; dan ketiga, adanya pembagian dan pembatasan tugas ketatanegaraan yang juga bersifat
fundamental. It is implemented by the Life Insurance Corporation (LIC). Delinking social security
from occupation and predicating it on citizenship would extend these schemes to informal atypical
workers and persons out of work and thereby make the constitutional right of social security a
substantive entitlement for our citizenry. The seventh chapter formulates an analytical framework to
analyze whether pension growth can be a determinant of economic growth. Employers, however, are
mandated to contribute their own share in respect of these employees. You can download the paper
by clicking the button above. The efficiency, extent of coverage, finding suitable policy and
approaches to strengthen the delivery system according to priorities through planned justice for
inclusive growth is the need of the day.This paper describes about the implications of various social
security benefits provided to the labours in India. A partial withdrawal of the EPF can be made under
certain circumstances, such as for medical purposes, marriage, education, home loan repayment,
purchase of land, construction of house, etc. The group’s chair rotates annually among the members
and is selected from a different regional grouping of countries. Download Free PDF View PDF
Social Security and Legal Protection to Woking Class in Unorganised Sector: The Indian Scenario
Dr. Parmila Dhiman Download Free PDF View PDF Adapting Social Security to 21st Century
Indian Economy: A Case for Universalisation, NUJS Journal of Regulatory Studies, Vol. 1, Issue 1,
2016 Saurabh Bhattacharjee Proliferation of social security has been one of the integral features of
the modern industrialised world. Only in case of fatal injuries was some relief given. Finally, the
main objective is to apply the EPFRV Box to extend the significance of the impact of inflation and
the exchange rate on any pension plan system (in this case EPF) beyond mere theory, using them as
practical instruments to solve retirement and pensioner’s problems. The ninth chapter formulates a
comprehensive pension fund framework for enhancing system capacity to manage economic and
social risks. Bursitis is inflammation or irritation of a bursa sac. However, this timeline is subject to
change, depending on interventions made by key stakeholders and lobby groups and other
exigencies, such as the impact of the ongoing pandemic. Download Free PDF View PDF Adapting
Social Security to 21st Century Indian Economy: A Case for Universalisation, NUJS Journal of
Regulatory Studies, Vol. 1, Issue 1, 2016 Saurabh Bhattacharjee Proliferation of social security has
been one of the integral features of the modern industrialised world. In sum, the study calls for a
Comprehensive, Universal and Integrated Social Security System for the unorganised workers in
India. Injuries resulting in permanent total and partial disablement are listed in parts I and II of
Schedule I of the Employee’s Compensation Act, while occupational diseases have been defined in
parts A, B, and C of Schedule III of the Employee’s Compensation Act.
Similarly, workers in the country must understand fully that if they desire to secure their due place in
the industrial economy of the country they must think more in terms of responsibilities and duties
and not interpret independence for impertinence and liberty for license. The Official Website of The
U.S Social Security Administration Available. Finally, the tenth chapter proposes a new model based
on a group of indicators to evaluate the social security plans performance of ASEAN-members
(Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines). This chapter suggests a paradigm
shift: a multidisciplinary synthesis of differing perspectives in evaluating pension overall performance
based on past work on pension evaluation, incorporating non-economic variables with significant
impact on economic growth and social development. Under the ESI Act, employees or workers
employed at the above mentioned categories earning wages up to INR 21,000 per month (up to INR
25,000 per month in case of person with disability) are entitled to this social security scheme. As per
the Concurrent list of Article 41 of Indian Constitution “The State shall, within the limits of. The
efficiency, extent of coverage, finding suitable policy and approaches to strengthen the delivery
system according to priorities through planned justice for inclusive growth is the need of the day.This
paper describes about the implications of various social security benefits provided to the labours in
India. NISSF encompasses all economically active Malaysian population, including the informal
workforce, whereas the NSPF captures the economically inactive young population. Finally, the main
objective is to apply the EPFRV Box to extend the significance of the impact of inflation and the
exchange rate on any pension plan system (in this case EPF) beyond mere theory, using them as
practical instruments to solve retirement and pensioner’s problems. The ninth chapter formulates a
comprehensive pension fund framework for enhancing system capacity to manage economic and
social risks. Employers, however, are mandated to contribute their own share in respect of these
employees. Keep in mind, however, that the government-controlled social security system in India
applies to only a small portion of the population. It is System Initiative on Shaping the Future of
Energy. It is important to note that an employer can choose to pay more gratuity to an employee,
which is known as ex-gratia and is a voluntary contribution. Its purpose is to study, review, and
promote high-level discussion of policy issues pertaining to the promotion of international financial
stability Aim is to discuss policy pertaining to the promotion of international financial stability The
G20 operates without a permanent secretariat or staff. Lack of Social Security in India or in any
other nation can lead to destitution, crime, child labour, etc. Then alone a socialist Democracy is
possible in this country and industrial relations of a higher order can be maintained for the benefit of
the country and the community. The quest for social security and freedom from want and distress
has been the consistent urge of man through the ages. However, due to limited capacity of the state
just after the turmoil of the Independence a large chunk of the social security obligation were place
under the DPSP, which are non-justifiable. Out of these 35 million, 26 million workers are members
of the Employees’ Provident Fund Organization, which comprises private sector workers, civil
servants, military personnel, and employees of State Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs). Download
Free PDF View PDF HUKUM KONSTITUSI DI INDONESIA Prisca Oktaviani Samosir
Kedudukan konstitusi merupakan elemen esensial dalam sebuah negara. This scheme is prevalent in
Maharashtra and covers all workers indulging in hard manual. The extremely popular scheme started
in 1975 and provided insurance cover for as low a. By continuing we’ll assume you’re on board with
our. The quest for social security and freedom from want and distress has been the consistent urge of
man through the ages. These Conventions and their Additional Protocols set out how soldiers and
civilians should be treated during armed conflict. Social Security as a National Programme aims to
reduce Social sufferings due to Poverty, Unemployment and Intensity of Diseases. Download Free
PDF View PDF See Full PDF Download PDF Loading Preview Sorry, preview is currently
unavailable. The document argues for a universal social security system financed through both
contributions and taxes. Pension scheme to the workers in unorganized sector. Labour laws play a
vital role in providing social security to the employees of different sector.
Objectives of G20 Policy coordination among its members in order to achieve global economic
stability and sustainable growth; To promote financial regulations that reduce risks and prevent
future financial crises; To create a new international financial architecture. In India too, social
security has not only been enshrined as a constitutional mandate, but has also been embodied in a
wide variety of legislation. Rs 75 per month Old people with little or no income support. The
informal sector represents the unprotected segment of the labour market. They are provided at the
behest of the state using its insurance arm. The ESI scheme has been implemented in all states
excluding Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh. The index benchmarks 115 countries on the current level
of their energy system performance and the readiness of their macro environment for transition to a
secure, sustainable, affordable and inclusive future energy system. The Schemes for Provident Fund,
Medical Insurance, Maternity Benefit, Compensation and Gratuity are useful in India. The first
section presents a general review of all possible indicators applies in the evaluation of social security
plans performance. Social Security as a National Programme aims to reduce Social sufferings due to
Poverty, Unemployment and Intensity of Diseases. May 9, 2015 Life insurance of Rs. 2 lakh with a
premium of Rs. 330. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Germany was the
first country who introduced the social. The contribution pattern is the same as in Social Security
Group. In particular, it presents the institutional structure of social security as well as its basic
blueprint along with its recent developments. She started collecting benefits in January 1940 at age
65 and lived to be 100 years old, dying in 1975. The new protection mechanism consists of two sub-
funds: The National Integral Social Security Fund (NISSF) and the National Education Fund (NEF).
This chapter suggests a paradigm shift: a multidisciplinary synthesis of differing perspectives in
evaluating pension overall performance based on past work on pension evaluation, incorporating non-
economic variables with significant impact on economic growth and social development. It consists
of schemes by which all citizens of the country are. Similarly, workers in the country must
understand fully that if they desire to secure their due place in the industrial economy of the country
they must think more in terms of responsibilities and duties and not interpret independence for
impertinence and liberty for license. The fourth chapter examines the evolution of social security
research from a theoretical and empirical perspective. Then alone a socialist Democracy is possible in
this country and industrial relations of a higher order can be maintained for the benefit of the
country and the community. Evolution has been slow, sporadic and on a more or less selective basis.
The researcher through studying various regulations, and constitutional rights will prove that this
kind of change both the external and internal control method in Indian society such as, stringent law
and economic conditions as well as the independent economic status of unorganized labours and
existence of clear strategy to provide effective social security can reduce poverty among unorganized
labours in India. Secondly, we present a new indicator, “The Social Security Plans Performance
Index (SSPP-Index)” is intended to offer policymakers and researchers an additional analytical tool
to study the coverage, efficiency, effectiveness, trend, and future of any social security plan as a
whole. Upload Read for free FAQ and support Language (EN) Sign in Skip carousel Carousel
Previous Carousel Next What is Scribd. Payment of monthly Social Security benefits began in
January 1940 and was authorized not only for aged retired workers but for their aged wives or
widows, children under age 18, and surviving aged parents. Establishments Acts of the States,
Industrial Employment Standing Orders Act, 1946, etc. The Government and the factory owners
must fully understand the labor psychology and a change in their outlook and attitude is desired to
secure the industrial peace. UUD berisi tiga pokok materi muatan, yakni pertama, adanya jaminan
terhadap hak-hak asasi manusia dan warganegara; kedua ditetapkannya susunan ketatanegaraan suatu
negara yang bersifat fundamental; dan ketiga, adanya pembagian dan pembatasan tugas
ketatanegaraan yang juga bersifat fundamental.