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My Sparameters Sum 2
My Sparameters Sum 2
V1+ I1+
Z 0 ,1
Port Voltages and Currents
I1 V1− I1−
Vk = Vk+ + Vk− I k = I k+ + I k− V1
port 1
+ +
V I 2 2
I2 V 2
Z 0, 2 + N-port
–
port 2 Network
V2− I 2−
VN
+
–
Impedance Matrix
I1 ⎡ V1 ⎤ ⎡ Z11 Z12 Z1N ⎤ ⎡ I1 ⎤
V1 + Port 1 ⎢V ⎥ ⎢ Z
- ⎢ 2 ⎥ = ⎢ 21 Z 22 Z 2 N ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ I 2 ⎥⎥
I2 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
V2 + Port 2
- ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
N-port ⎣VN ⎦ ⎣ Z N 1 Z N 2 Z NN ⎦ ⎣ I N ⎦
Network
IN [V ] = [Z ][I ]
VN + Port N
- Vi,oc+ Port i
-
Open-Circuit Impedance Parameters
Ij Port j
Vi ,oc N-port
Z ij = Network
2
Ij Port N
I k = 0 for k ≠ j
4
Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
Admittance Matrix
I1 ⎡ I1 ⎤ ⎡ Y11 Y12 Y1N ⎤ ⎡ V1 ⎤
V1 + Port 1 ⎢ I ⎥ ⎢ Y ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
- ⎢ 2 ⎥ = ⎢ 21 Y22 Y2 N ⎥ ⎢V2 ⎥
I2 ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
V2 + Port 2
- ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
N-port ⎣ I N ⎦ ⎣YN 1 YN 2 YNN ⎦ ⎣VN ⎦
Network
IN [I ] = [Y ][V ]
VN + Port N
- Ii,sc Port i
I i , sc N-port
Yij = Network
Vj Port N
Vk = 0 for k ≠ j 3
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Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
+ !
–
IN
= (V ! V n n ) Z0 port N
4 VN+ I N+
Note: S-parameters depend on port impedances Z 0,n = Z 0 Z 0, N
VN− I N−
6
Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
Transmission Line Basics
Lossless Transmission Line
V2+
V1+ 0 z
−
Z0,1 1 V V2−Z0,2
+
_
+ + +
_
E1 V1 Z0, ! = "l V2 E2
- -
Port 1 Port 2
6
L V0+ V0!
Characteristic Impedance: Z0 = = + =! !
C I0 I0
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Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
2
* 2
1
V0+ #
Pave (z) = 2 Re V (z) ( I (z))
{ } = $1! " L %& = const.
2R0
7
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Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
Generalized Scattering Parameters
considerations and definitions
V+
! !0 E
Z0 V− V+ =
I 2
+
+
_ Z0 ZL
E V V − Z L − Z0
- Γ= + =
V Z L + Z0
+ +
ZL !
V = Z0 I V − = −Z 0 I − V= E
Z L + Z0
V = V + +V − I = I+ + I− 1
V+ = 2
(1 + Γ )E
Z0 V−
+
I
1 P + = 12 Re V + ( I + )*
{ }
V = (V + Z 0 I )
2 +
+
_ ZL 2
E V = 12 V + R0
V − = 12 (V − Z 0 I )
8
-
= Pmax
(assuming Z0 is real Z0 = R0)
10
Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
+ + + * + 2
V+
P = 12 Re V ( I ) = 12 V { } R0 a=
R0
− − − * − 2
V−
1 1 b=
P = − Re V ( I ) = V 2 { } 2 R0 R0
a 2 2
R0 b V+ V−
I
+
PL = P + − P − = −
+
_ ZL 2 R0 2 R0
E V
- 1 2 2
= 2
{a −b }
9
(assuming real Z0)
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Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
Scattering Matrix
R0,1 I1
+
_
+
E1 V1 Port 1 ⎡ b1 ⎤ ⎡ S11 S12 S1N ⎤ ⎡ a1 ⎤
- ⎢b ⎥ ⎢ S
N-port ⎢ 2 ⎥ = ⎢ 21 S 22 S 2 N ⎥⎥ ⎢⎢ a2 ⎥⎥
R0,2 I2 Network ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
+ + ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥ ⎢ ⎥
E2 _ V2 Port 2 ⎣b2 ⎦ ⎣ S N 1 S N 2 S NN ⎦ ⎣a N ⎦
-
R0,N IN bi
Sij =
+ aj
EN +_ VN Port N ak = 0 for k ≠ j
-
Vi − R0,i Vi R0,i
Sij = =10 (i ≠ j )
E j 2 R0, j
( ) E j 2 R0, j
( )
E k = 0 for all k ≠ j E k = 0 for all k ≠ j
12
Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
Scattering Parameters
2
Physical meaning of S ij ( Z0 = R 0 = real)
2 Pi − actual power leaving port i
Sij = = (i ≠ j )
Pmax, j Ek = 0 maximum power from port j Ek = 0
k≠ j k≠ j
R0,1 I1
2
+
Physical meaning of S jj V1 Port 1
-
N-port
bj V j− R0, j Z L , j − R0, j Network
= = R0,j I
j
S jj = +
aj ak = 0 V j R0, j Z L , j + R0, j + Port j
k≠ j Ej _ Vj +
-
ZL,j
2 R0,N IN
PL , j = Pj+ − Pj− = Pmax 1 − S jj + Port N
{ 11
} VN
-
13
Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
Relation to Z-Matrix
Impedance matrix: ⎡ Z11 Z1N ⎤
V = ZI ⎢
with Z = ⎥
⎢ ⎥
⎢⎣ Z N 1 Z NN ⎥⎦
Express V,I in terms of a and b
−1 12 −1
S = (Zn + U) (Zn − U)= (Zn − U)(Zn + U)
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Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
Scattering Parameters
§ Port n is said to be matched when it is terminated
with a load having the same impedance as the port
impedance Z0,n.
15
Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
Two-Port Networks
Insertion and Return Loss
Z 0 ,1
⎡ S11 S12 ⎤
+
_
E ⎢S ⎥ Z 0, 2
⎣ 21 S 22 ⎦
RL IL
Return Loss
indicates the extend of mismatch in a network in dB
port 1: RL = −20 log10 S11 in dB
Insertion Loss
measure of transmitted fraction of power in dB
14
from port 1 to port 2: IL = −20 log10 S21 in dB
16
Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
Example
Lossless Transmission Line:
V1+ V2+
−
Z0,1V1 V2−Z0,2
+
_
+ + +
_
E1 V1 Z0 θ V2 E2
- -
Port 1 Port 2
Symmetrical networks:
Electrical Symmetry
S ii = S jj and S ij = S ji
and Matrix symmetry!
Lossless networks:
For a lossless passive network the scattering matrix [S] is unitary:
transpose complex-conjugate
[S ]T [S ]* = [U ]
Example: two-port network
⎡ S S12 ⎤ 18
[ S ] = ⎢ 11 ⎥ [ S ]T [ S ]* = ?
⎣S 21 S 22 ⎦
20
Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
Properties of S-Parameters
Reciprocal networks:
S ij = S ji or [ S ] = [ S ]T Matrix symmetry!
Symmetrical networks:
Electrical Symmetry
S ii = S jj and S ij = S ji
and Matrix symmetry!
Lossless networks:
For a lossless passive network the scattering matrix [S] is unitary:
transpose complex-conjugate
[S ]T [S ]* = [U ]
Example: two-port network
⎡ S S12 ⎤
[ S ] = ⎢ 11 ⎥ 19
[ S ]T [ S ]* = ?
⎣S 21 S 22 ⎦
21
Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
Lossless Two-Port Networks
⎡ S S12 ⎤ T⎡ S S 21 ⎤ *
⎡ S11* S12* ⎤
[ S ] = ⎢ 11 ⎥ [ S ] = ⎢ 11 [ S ] = ⎢ * * ⎥
⎣S 21 S 22 ⎦ ⎣ S12 S 22 ⎥⎦ S
⎣ 21 S 22 ⎦
Then
2 2 * ⎤
⎡ S S 21 ⎤ ⎡ S11* S12* ⎤ ⎡ S11 + S 21 S11S12* + S 21S 22
[ S ]T [ S ]* = ⎢ 11 ⎢ * * ⎥
= ⎢ * 2 2 ⎥
⎣ S12 S 22 ⎥⎦ ⎣ S 21 S 22 ⎦ ⎢⎣ S12 S11* + S 22 S 21 S12 + S 22 ⎥⎦
22
Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
From
for passive condition
unitary(lossy) follows:
networks
2 2 2 2
S11 + S21 ≤=11≥= S12 + S22
* *
S12 S11* + S 22 S21 = 0 = S11S12* + S21S 22
21
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Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
Applications
Terminated Port: All port (reference)
impedances are
ZS port 1 port 2 Z 0,ref
⎡ S11 S12 ⎤
+
_
E ⎢ ⎥ ZL
⎣S 21 S 22 ⎦
ΓL V2+ = ΓLV2−
one-port network
Γin
V1− = S11V1+ + S12V2+ ΓL S 21
V2+ = ΓL S 21V1+ + ΓL S 22V2+ V2+ = V1+
V2− = S 21V1+ + S22V2+ 1 − ΓL S 22
( Z0 = R 0 = real)
Renormalization matrix
⎡ R old R new 0 0 ⎤
⎢ 0,1 0,1 ⎥
F = ⎢ 0 0 ⎥
⎢ 0 24 0 R0old new ⎥
,N R0, N ⎥
⎣⎢ ⎦
26
Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011
§ Reciprocal Network
Z ij = Z ji Yij = Y ji S ij = S ji AD − BC = 1
§ Lossless Network
T *
Re{B, C}= 0
Re{Z ij }= 0 Re{Yij } = 0 S S =I Im{A, D} = 0
28 2 2
e.g. S11 + S21 = 1
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Prof. Andreas Weisshaar ― ECE580 Network Theory - Guest Lecture ― Fall Term 2011