Organic Chemistry

Chapter-10
Haloalkanes &
Haloarenes
Haloakanes
u The replacement of one or more
hydrogen atoms of an alkane by an
equal number of halogen atoms results
in the formation of alkyl
halides(haloalkanes)
Haloarenes

u When hydrogen atoms attached to benzene

rings or aromatic hydrocarbon are
replaced by halogen atoms the compounds
that are formed are known as
haloarenes aryl halides
Classification of Alkyl / Aryl Halides
CLASSIFICATION OF HALOGEN COMPOUNDS

(i) Classification on the Basis of Number

of Halogen Atoms Present .

u The halogen derivatives of

hydrocarbons are classified as mono,
di, tri, or poly halogen compounds
according to the number of halogen
atoms present in their molecular
structure.
1. Mono haloalkanes
Haloalkanes that have only one halogen group
attached to the carbon chain are known as mono
haloalkanes.
Examples –
Methyl fluoride
Ethyl chloride
Iodobenzene
The mono halogen derivatives are further classified as
primary (1°), secondary (2°) and tertiary (3°) alkyl
halides.It has been discussed below in haloalkanes.
2. Dihalogenated Compounds
Haloalkanes that have two haloges
group attached to the carbon
chain are known as dihaloalkanes.
These are further divided into two groups
u Geminal - geminal dihalides have both halide
groups attached to the same carbon atom of
the compound whereas
u Vicinal - vicinal dihalides have two halide
groups which are attached to two adjacent
carbon atoms in the same compound.
(3) Trihalogenated Compounds
Haloalkanes that have three halogen group
attached to the carbon chain are known as
trihaloalkanes.
Examples-
u (I)
Classification on the Basis of Type of
Hybridisation of the Carbon Atom Directly
Bonded to the Halogen Atom