Science - 5/5

Galaxies
Lesson 6.4

Galaxies
Galaxies are made from stellar dust (dust found in space), gas, stars and solar system

Types of galaxies
 Elliptical galaxies
o Ursa Major

o Messier 87

 Irregular galaxies
o Irr-I

o Irr-II

o Dlrr (dwarf irregular galaxy)

 Spiral galaxies
o Andromeda

o Milky Way

 Stars & Supernovas

 The gravitational fm orce pulls gas, stars and dust get pulled, which makes the core
bigger. It can result in a nuclear reaction takes place, and a star is formed

 A supernova is a powerful luminous explosion of a star. A supernova occurs during the

last evolutionary stages of a massive star

 Gas, dust and stars

 Gas and dusts are usually scattered

 They are an essential thing in the formation of stars, planets, etc.

Aside from planets and galaxies, what other things are flying in space?

1. Meteoroid
A floating piece of stone and metal that moves in space
 Size varies from 2mm - 1m
 Made up of stones and metals (Iron and nickel)
 Fragments of asteroids and comets
 Surface temperature is about 0°C in outer space
 Travels at varying speeds (fastest travels at 42 km s-1)
 Most are so small they vapourised in the atmosphere

2. Asteroid
A celestial body composed of rocks and metals that orbits the Sun.
 Size varies from 1m - 1000km
 Made up of stones and metals (iron and nickel)
 Surface temperature is approximately -73°C
 Travels around the Sun at an average speed of 25 km s-1
 Asteroids from an asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter
 Known as a small planet
 A large chunk of rock let over from collisions or the early solar system

3. Comet
A small body composed of ice, gas and frozen dust that travels around the Sun in its own orbit.
 Covered in ice, methane and other compounds
 The length of its tail can reach up to 150 000 000 km
 The size of its head can reach up to 250 000 km
 Travels at an average speed between 10 km s-1
and 70 km s-1
 Travels around the Sun in its own
elliptical orbit