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 BUILDING
TECHNOLOGY 1
GLASS
 GLASS AS BUILDING MATERIAL
•Glass Building Material is a mixture of raw materials
like silica, sodium potassium carbonate, lime or lead oxide,
manganese oxide which are grounded, sieved, and mixed in
specific proportion to make glass.

•Glass Building Material has unique properties as

a transparent glazing material in the construction industry. It
has various architectural applications in doors, windows,
partitions, etc.
 GLASS
• Glass Building Material is one of the oldest & multifaceted materials
utilizing in the building industry. Glass has been used to enhance the
aesthetic view of structure and is fascinating material ever since it was
discovered
• It is an open hard substance created by giving heat to sand or quartz, glass
forms an inorganic, transparent, or translucent material which can be
molded into any shape.
• It is a transparent glazing material, providing the architect’s new designs
and possibilities to enhance the look and features of the building.
• Glass Building Material adds beauty & elegance to the look and feel of the
structure, it is one of the most versatile materials to be used in
the construction industry.
 Types of glass
Sheet or Flat Glass Building
Material
Sheet glass is produced by
having molten glass pass through the
rollers to manufacture a nearly flat
finish.
Sheet glass can be cut via a glass
cutter and no special equipment is
needed. It’s generally available in the
market in a range of standard
sizes/thicknesses.
Due to the comparatively low cost of
this glass and its lack of distortion, flat
glass is mainly used in glazing
greenhouses and where the visual
distortion isn’t an issue as opposed to
domestic windows, etc.
 FLOAT GLASS
Types of glass
Float glass is made from sodium silicate and
calcium silicate, it is also known as soda-lime
glass.
The “Float” name suggests the method used to
manufacture it, where the molten glass is floated
onto a bed of molten tin. This gives us a flat,
clear, distortion-free glass.
Float glass can be cut by utilizing a glass cutter
without a need for special equipment.
It is available in thickness ranging from 2mm to
20mm, with a weight ranging from 6 to 36
kg/m2.
The functions of this type of glass include fixed
& opening windows above waist height, shop
fronts, as well as in public places.
 LAMINATED GLASS
Types of glass
As the name refers, this glass comprises
layers of ordinary glass bonded by
a transparent, flexible material. As it is
a sandwich made up of two or more sheets
of glass.
This type of glass is commonly UV and
soundproof, which explains its applications
in the construction of bridges and
aquariums. It is mostly the best suited for
making glass canopies as it can reduce
harmful rays.
This glass comprising of 2 sheets
of toughened glass and a laminate in the
middle portion. This is typically 6mm
toughened/2.28mm laminate/6mm
toughened.
 Types of glass
SHATTER PROOF GLASS
As the name refers, this glass comprises layers of ordinary glass
bonded by a transparent, flexible material. As it is a sandwich
made up of two or more sheets of glass.
This type of glass is commonly UV and soundproof, which
explains its applications in the construction of bridges and
aquariums. It is mostly the best suited for making glass canopies
as it can reduce harmful rays.
This glass comprising of 2 sheets of toughened glass and
a laminate in the middle portion. This is typically 6mm
toughened/2.28mm laminate/6mm toughened.
 Types of glass
ENERGY EFFICIENT GLASS
This type of glass building
material is manufactured
by glazing float glass with a
special thin coating on one side.
This glazing allows solar energy
to pass through in only one
direction while minimizing
the transfer of thermal energy
in the other direction.
 Types of glass
WIRED GLASS
Wired glass glass building
material has a wire mesh provided in
the middle portion of the structure of
glass.
The main objective of the wire is to
hold the glass together in the event of
cracking or breaking, however, it
doesn’t stop the glass from forming
sharp pieces when broken.
Wired glass is available as clear or
obscured, wired glass is generally used
in more industrial areas or structures
such as garages.
 Types of glass
TINTED GLASS
Tinted glass glass building
material is simply colored
glass. A certain type of ion is
added to the normal glass
mix to produce colored glass.
In tinted glass, color doesn’t
affect the properties of glass.
For example, iron oxide gives
green and Sulphur gives blue
color shades in glass
manufacturing.
 Types of glass
TEMPERED GLASS
Toughened glass is used extensively
throughout the industry for its ability to
resist breaking, also called safety or
tempered glass.
If it breaks, it does so into much smaller
called ‘safer’ pieces as opposed to large
shards (like float glass)
Toughened glass is typically used in home
interiors such as the kitchen (for its heat
resistance), and shower screens, glass
balustrade, and swimming pool fencing.
It can also be utilized in laminated panels
where extra safety precautions should be
taken.
 Types of glass
CHROMATIC GLASS
This type of glass is utilized
in ICUs & meeting
rooms, chromatic glass can
control the transparent
efficiency to protect the interior
from daylight.
Chromatic glass has
maybe electric
lamination(electrochromic),
thermos-chromatic (has
heat-sensitive lamination), or
photochromic (has
light-sensitive lamination).
 Types of glass
SELF CLEANING GLASS
Self-cleaning glass is
both photocatalytic &
hydrophobic.
These two unique
properties make
it stain-proof, resulting
in an attractive
appearance and easy
maintenance.
 Types of glass
GLASS BLOCKS
Glass blocks or Hollow glass wall
blocks are manufactured as two
separate halves and, while the glass is
still molten, these two pieces are
pressed together and annealed.
The resulting glass block will have
a partial vacuum at the hollow center.
Hollow glass wall blocks or Glass
bricks usually provide visual
obscuration while admitting light from
the outside of the room.
 Properties of glass
Glass has 5 main engineering properties due to which utilization of glass has become vast in construction industries;
• Transparency
Transparency is the main and primary engineering property of glass that allows us to see through it. Due to this property
glass can be transparent from both sides or from one side only and the other side acts like a mirror.
• Work-ability and Recycle Property
Glass has superior workability as it can be molded into countless shapes or blown during melting. Also, any type of glass
can be 100% recyclable and used as a raw material in construction.
• Strength
Glass’s strength is measured by its modulus of rupture value. Glass is generally brittle or tends to break easily but we
can made it stronger by adding admixtures and laminates.
• Transmittance
This property of glass refers the visible fraction of light passing through the glass.
• U Value
This represents how much heat is transferred through the glass. Insulated glass units provide a low U value.
 Advantages of glass
• 1. Transparency Is Good
• Glass is a unique transparent material that allows light to pass through it so that the objects behind the glass
are visible clearly.
• This property of glass allows you to connect with the outer world visually, even when the door and windows
are closed, it enables the light to flow in. Thus, it saves energy and reduces electricity bills.
• 2. Dust-proof and Waterproof
• Glass has a glossy and smooth surface, so it becomes dustproof and can be cleaned efficiently. Unlike other
materials, it is easy to maintain.
• Another advantage is, it is waterproof. Due to such dual advantageous benefits of glass as the dustproof &
waterproof material, it is mostly preferred in the areas often clad with dust and sand in the air.
• 3. Color Availability
• Glass is available in a wide range of colors, and when we combine the glass sheet in laminated or insulated
units, it changes in color and enhances the beauty of appearance.
• Laminated glass can be made with a wide range of colored interlayers to provide exceptional lighting effects.
 Advantages of glass
• 4. Aesthetically Appealing
• Glass enables an ideal way to show off a product aesthetically. The glassy effect it
can make the structure look more stunning, sophisticated and adds beauty to the
building.
• 5. Recyclable
• The other benefits we can gain from glass recycling are, energy can be saved, it
is cost-effective, it reduces water pollution and air pollution to a certain extent and
it also conserves natural resources, etc.
• Glass material is 100% recyclable, and it does not degrade during the recycling
process. Thus, it can be recycled more time without compromising on quality or
purity.
• 6. UV Stable
• Glass is UV stable since it is not affected by ultraviolet radiation and hence
cracks, discoloration or disintegration will not occur.
 Advantages of glass
• 7. Weather and Rust resistant
• Among all of the materials utilized in building, glass is anti-corrosive material, and only under
certain conditions, the glass is chemically attacked.
• Glass is fully weather resistant. It can give greater support against the effects of the wind, rain, or
the sun and can retain its appearance and integrity in most of the given conditions.
• 8. Easily Molded
• Glass building material is a transparent, hard material that can be easily molded into desired
shapes. It is manufactured by the application of heat into the sand.
• So, glass can be drawn and pressed to any desired shape and thus used for general glazing
purposes in building, shop fronts, building doors, windows, and workshops.
• 9. Insulator of Electricity
• Glass building material is an excellent insulator. It does not readily conduct electricity. It makes
sure that you are safe from any electrical hazards.
• Due to these unique and advantageous properties, glass can be used for the formation of ceiling
light, decorating wall light, and various other electrical appliances.
 DISAdvantages of glass
• 1. Cost Is High
• The manufacturing of glass is a highly energy-consuming process due to the high
temperatures required for processing the raw materials.
• Using glass in a building increases the total cost of security & privacy because of
the transparency that it offers.
• 2. Glass Is a Brittleness
• Glass is a stiff, rigid, and brittle material. When glass is subjected to stress,
it fails/breaks without any significant strain. Cracked pieces of glass may be very
sharp, and the chances of injury to humans become very high.
• 3. Impact Resistant Is Low
• The Glass is less resistant against impact load, so the capability of the glass to
withstand an immediately applied load is very poor. It will immediately break
under impact.
 Disadvantages of glass
• 4. Corrosion Due To Alkali Solution
• The Glass is affected by alkalis ions. Alkali solution dilutes a glass surface, and if
the supply of alkali is more, this type of corrosion takes place at a uniform rate.
• 5. Unsafe For Earthquake-prone Areas
• Structures that are located in earthquake-prone areas require to be specially
designed to take horizontal loads and movements. The material of glass is more
brittle than other material, hence it tends to break or collapse quickly.
• 6. Maintenance Cost Is High
• In more dust-prone regions & humid areas, dust particles will stick to the glass
surface and hence it will not only look dirty and shabby but the internal lighting,
as well as transparency, will be poor.
 FAQ
Is Glass a Good Building Material?
•In modern days glass is gaining its popularity as a
good and efficient building material. For both High
rise buildings and local construction glass has been
used widely this days.
Glass can add beauty to the structures regarding its
property to transmit, absorb or refract light in
possible direction. Hence could be considered as a
good building material.
 FAQ
Why is Glass important in Construction?
•Having a property as transparent glazing
material it is used in many components of the
structure. It has various architectural
applications in doors, windows, partitions, etc. It
enables to connect with the outer world visually,
at the same time providing safety, security, and
privacy.