6 Unie: & (opries> |THE MiReoR EQUATION. Jet AB- Objael placed beyond. ‘e’ Gr couter oy eurvature lek BD, BP» BE- para xia rays ee Bp = pararies ways Se croea oe ik panes Thiovgh °F” | Fe Privepak fous: where AB- Snvertel Bmage fy ohy | and (- object distano, Vo dmage didtante » | A per Law ch election, | ben 2 isp | ard Rang ts cpa ABPA are Biri Lox, j iw | Alm . pal > PA 0 | . 3 Prom Simi to me tae SADPF and A B\! AB. oar Upp pp OO °o PD= AB a AF OAO ale \ | Ae. HE ai ames ow D and’ pal We PA” 6p | bet ape pal pe, «able refeclion ect AB h-hocol agitPAL palpe ee PA Pr © | By Sign Conven Siow, | q d* phone pale-Vs pre-f | Qs ee —v- Ep | + | we wth | oF we ch eet | abs tb- I | osmy Fl = oY | gh sale© Fizeav’ v/s METHOD TO DE , uw, ee ae SpenD) OF IT Conskuction: ong hak so dome J, fag alan fel om peste Bored Glass pate Kept ot 25°. o> Then The fighk b pane Toravah toothed whsol A’ > WE Ne @ Nod tats with egal widths. > te hi paving ‘henge once im Th wdleol wil! bo. Yepfected from Wire” A o> bot d= dittans mun frown flan 217 | . | y OH obsewer Con Ses the Yeflected deghe Wien, Cous from “Cut” hon Tae wheel i2 riot Yhehing, (Say gem) WoRKING. ww lot Te ang whey bpaed dh wheat tacreasid fom © towed untill the Lagat paving Though one Cut Lovetel alee blocked! 4 We adljatat hh,= || | Expression’ FOC ME SEED oF MeN DAA lat ve Speed a Light fu ay, 7 2d distance hawelled bi Agee: Cot mM FM to} 2d disteunte | } | | EA Hine daca by digit fo. hrawel 1] | ee Ve ad = | Whee WD anqudar sped of Potted whuel ch hs ~ 3@ Whee @- angi between froth and glo. O=- tal lo Geto he Tadbiow number fy Leathe + Munber Cooks, tle Value F Spud doleomnad if FFrua Wary was = Ve 2.09792 1168 9 Fl© Apparent Depri: let wo Conder @ Zane filed with walor appsare | ated lek “oO” — Object eck The belfom ap the tank wy let legit from Te object pases from clansey mectium Cwalery to ravey medium ‘airy > te hight dtasatel Tren Noma % eB > WE Nye Vehractive incon of raver maclium My — Yefractve inolen 4 Dewer meshiem, | whore Wisma, and Nn then, 128 = x Cwater) | Wt Le ong Trerctut a water re angle oh vebtecton He raver msdlivm Grell, LO th Sin i= nein 0) B d | For Smad) velw 4 iar Sint ey bast ny tani = np beay =) dn A Dom and ADIG towizs D® g tanrs D2 ad or ny, 2B. y, DB 2 mo. MM| ae bo hy. whew Drs d! — apparat cept doz a- actual clepTh Os ' The bolt appears to be elevated 4 da’ ad's a-4, we RA > lek w Cowoider = say df Bight bon Dorsey mectiuns dv yover neolium > Te digas Purdy vay. fom ermal breaute. Angte AF vefyection (x) MH Dor weurer weckiem iy Freator Gran antag, Being 2 i Daioy medivu | © | Camerc ANoLe 2 | ARP TERN ReELE CHEW, | | | || ° le Wy A inevenkey , Y- also *ecveasoo aud bebomsy | manmum Cyaad ) at Guten value 4 tC The ang te of ducidanca i The olen nuciun for cshich. Tue Vofracted vay rates we aaerial (ald crrGicah ng ta Re". 5 When Aig y There no Yeradion be Vavermediun osha 7 be, Te wehive Rght © seffedteh ecw 48 fo The clayey wmaiumifa, UES, Tes F8 called hovel Fntenal veffaction . Lion, oA Cation ter ote! RE w Ligue mut hrawel from medium iy angle 4 ciate wwat be Cattical angie Ge. dower mugliuns ho rater grater than 4 Snetl’s Lavd WeSinig= Me Sine Wi Sindee hye Sinige te mn Irs Wy ha for civ hoz, and for water r= Sintes Ee® | | | | | T Alo fer walee mie 13 ic SF] Critital ange ependr av vrafractive inoler dy maclum Mr ' 1 } fotal Lacornal Ue cafuection, Ranws of rumination C SELLS Window) RR ARR SE ae > be A Senedd, Qipht Kept Aebicts Ma wetey hank. > Hgts eng oy hi i inetd at waterAurface af cu ange few than onkod ang to wil uncterge “ebachon aug Ouoiqen Ouk [Tetra inctink a quatro CriK Oe Wil tobi fotak internal reptection the Jag i Inuit af Oneal angle grater fe Surfpero 4 hove. fore Te aulive Auhace $ water Oppeav ap 8 ‘Ubuninates, [then a Light’ enter si to Wabsy. from culside is | keen fom Sx Stdey The View 98 Yehteted th ov Heeler angle epral do Offical angte, Uke econ 4 in Alle Shotts windyLt Cw ticed Gupte f water bee Mle one 4 wes fer weter onivaly ip twite he | Critics angle fa 972° lee R- Radio ¢ Groar eo ,ulluch olepercls Lyte. YW hom wid tk iS Seon °F Kng's Aovo . ny Sinice Ye fn40 ny Sinice Ye y & ne le eee | | mv | fom Aphe; SP = Sinie, AD Gaice | Ty) Ye Os a. te , e: sd) nr ey. RA” noA(Ceptance ANGLE IN gpricac FIBRE Ae ON : The ongde a duveidod at uhich The Ligh Shouts fo bneciotent af, th endl “f' qptal fibre. to Qrbuve he Critical angle tm The love- clang han Called acteptanw angie . + A ophame any te Ctpuda ow CG) Refractive {neton Jew, casts \ and ouley mien. | aLet ig Ac epranus angle 4 Svol!S aur Ni Sirtiq = Stato 36 lot ic Crilteal ie at re clan Senface, ny Sinig = Mo Sind? fos 0 ny sinics M* Con Sinice Gn bes me Ee eae aay 4 fron A bac Vez Qo-fa no iy laorYaJ= —> Sin le a Cates De —@ Ny, T he Gavee [eee = NP Sina = my) “Os Ng Sin ian ry Sinia = Inert = —=@) hoon Gnas logo > @ ny Wi tests eodas Sixt iin) | fw Whee Term ngdin's op GUE Keneri el SPorteyn Ca NA = ng Sinias [Mane Tprs=! Naz Sinias Laren Refraction tN Grass Siaa: RR > lt 4 4 bast eaten 1 Ta Slab (air Dawe) dt clow'aley Jowarela Me narmad 5 when i C@aver The clar( te denser to rarer) olwiate, awa fom The normal, ~~ Apter two Yofrachon s> [he erner pert vay ant iv ciotent vay 8 prnallel, The Spa (divtane) bolyceen emorfant va rae buccourated ™y 6 alld Aatoral Asplaumant Lot Le Jhiexnoas y Slob Ny pond Nz— Normal at BSe Yerpoeh' 1 — Yefrective inclon f alah, 4 WA Aaco— poh AphtUi- ang 4 jnesolout {v-- Le yefsachhn Naep =U = anple $ omorget- top 1 — Later Aisplecemart he 5 deviation | (it = oy Deve cet poundenalork ro dn i i erated Ariat ABE Stn UD = EE L =O Be= Sin Civ) Jafral digplawmeds 6 thicon g Sle tk is mere for Floor lam. And dean fer hin Slab.r ,| c EQurtion FoR PepeAcTION AT SINGLE yerRicaL So; | IR CARN FOP Rep ALN RF Vet ny aud ho Refacclive Wwdi cen gy two Pree preny mci ov Seperated by a Spheritol Seurhater C- bxter cb twat, O- Point shart. let digee from “o” tKuclout~ on Sphovi cal Surface aN’ CE en- Normal Zine, AS Naymny Light Ax oleuser wucium cletates Fowardo Whe nova. And F- Loge et Swell’S Lav ; MSini = heSny 0h | ae i for Small auyler Sithed, Sinray. “t | Somer SG lot JAtOP = a, Lthp= py ‘noe oes Tange Pa; “ “po ea > bem p py be for Smabt aul tano-0 | ode PY Bl Py pe ges FE = @ Sn S Onc , . e ds tip —For A Ine pe rt rey & Os — m(ape= reCpyd md amie hepa mey mathe Ye Gam) > 6 Sub cp QO r& ny. pA. vm, = (mee re PE Si 9° Gonvan Hons t por -Ma Pita avs ates ye 2 G&D “a Re he me Chet) we the EmND © fron = 1 ay prot Mediu & ON > ad tb fo for Seend madi =. ay BJ_@TENS Maxee's Foemunar ang LENS EB QuaTion. CC FRR IGA AND RRNA KV — ua, yt yg | Vee thaw lew 4 ‘efrmchve trae “M” plated eg. | Mudliuns 4 vepractve Ihde ny let pe Radon g arvaline 4 Spherical Surf @) Re Reina i Cuurvatere F Spherical SeabaceQ P- pode. (O= point object on Principal an's, ler We vag Ape fell on Leu, eng lege fo pepe lee gle Pras formed by Telex. dues to Stunpeus) To Real nae fad inn ca Surfpree @ 4 epeotion f velactin | nan M-ny v we eD Ae the Suto, \ oR | The Aiput mover from hy to hey: : * -SL. ten | we re At The Seo Surface ®, LfKt mover Bory % tonsm Bs Cre) Cae aoe Oat) Crh) Lote (EV (4-w) ~& Fy ett ak Imsye firmdlak four. fq UL0> veh FF ED GH) SO ¢ GV EE) -@ qhen Mal Ged hen, OGG rf © wactium we ay, Hes epurtror to Caled ovo! makers fprmetn, i a Rode gp fer len (ave Lun alko.,| OURS HM or Leutes nt cunt: KW) uy ees Lk he flake’ pr- foul P- Common ope ee Sn |2F 0~ oft placed en principal anin bajo Bi, ne Cmaps forma bp towa® lider eating on Virtwol objet fur Lm Te final Dope prrmach hy Combined Lou, lek pozu: Objet didtanca PL= v= Tmape hiaan to prize vie Dmaye olisteus fo hows @, lows egention b vault -6 Lens zquation for fous O ca ia | lave epee bron fer hr vow teFor number 4; (onsen me Gulett- Sing PP ee rr Mee PutPa HPS ho . @ Where p- Power pane in lontact . Whore > Power bony will be positive per Gooner ging 400 negative jo diverging Ae The poled magn perw Combine Hon fp Aeon bo me MUX MXIMS Kore +peRwns es ORME La M. iar SUN SPEEA LANE: ©) LATERAL MAGNIFICATION Aw Lat po! objetk oh privelpal aw 8. spl Smape fermad bye splat Sedfoce . et le ole— vows pare ‘Thos Lprond mectium, wopifianns Mga tage . SE XD aiger of jut oo! Whos (a drvanzlen 2 Coo! and DELS ae Wai ton “ls et oo -® & whee ef= PL-PC doz Pttpo “Os me zh = PLPC oo! pea po BD HEE Gran Gnvon hin. 1 It's 2, ods hy PLe tu Pez 4R porsu "OS me ch ve 4 Rew mothe = Ray | ho au OOD Mopnd Heaton Can § be erpruned re tmp 4 Pace tc 0 | let us lonotetr Te iS gion Saiyan, A H fenovuie— MWe nou-mVv P-u= no vu Ayu = Wh Ra Wr RANE, now- mV ~ manne Wo U-W = Nak (v-w Rw noe md ut eve mu(yw ete vou WV Sue (GAD ro ay © nate hetOF Con’ CE nae oe pauses” moot 2 Gotrger Sit EMO og tens | i foal fog and positron Gp epurvalu 54, . Out Contact an be clortved hy Gaaiolering ie Cnapt $ elev) ation lee. Polk object. Ob- Drei clout Pa eigte ab whieh Me ray Aight rete S— desvatian pM 7 Fmape on prinupal aus Whore Jrop = 7 Lbs p. Ina 29 8. yp op - 4h A << poondpts hey The 4, fard & wrabss small d= tand = me ) Pe tops es. ~ Os F PA apa | * ©» re He | fon paz hy po>-ty po pray, hy kh 6: t&Nek d- dlstante 4 Saperotion of fio Lenser fy felenyth biandhs bk and 5 Cleviedron Prookucael by Ta two loner, f= 646 —s @) Sb. hy We Aa hy gle 7 Pe ER Ae fom fig, hg-hye BO- Pace OK, Sha CB4, ban d= SA. aa Cys d. bands Cn = dG Aphis de =O fae hus 8 -A@ sub @ > ED bus byte (he be ge peg (8) 2 hay Mey hid fp be = dup be hedhis Yo Yh equation of epeevatant prt Ang poston oy apicreateat fins, We foo fig, pax EGe he. Pas EG= tect 3 fom eyun @ \ Ro-dy = a and ff ne oe Mee xe P= db af] hi PRi= a- EY [PP = d(-4Reprcrve mee op me Passe let Abe — Prism, AB one Ac~ Yebackra Sarpoce Jak Pa- Dad clout rey de Le Sh ther ee ieee oe Yoond la — ay te 4 invcteue ond Belration at Ac, J BE Sara Somergert ™y Lr — Gyte 4 enor genz be aga bativene Te ctvaten 4 tecaihiny, ood aang cut rag i callud ange sf ceva tion > Net N= poluk fitter Section 4 Normals, Tie cbwialion di ak Suifoe 4B, dis iret =O te cluviatios th af Suvfawe Ac : d= inet, 3@ fotal deviates de ditda > Q-w) ety | d=: Qi-ive Oran 3} in 2yur datoral Tanpe kane, 1A + [one = 18-7 —& Aud Sn A ONR riers lane = @) @®-6 As rtt, (0) sb Os © SEEK ApThe anple deviation Acpendo UY Inge fp Prism WY angle 4 ineiolen ee WY Matertal Fe Primo w won Length $ Li yht yeh Ae Wx beng te of Tidetauk fn oreoden, [la clewtalion clovrense, The angle oy Trevetak af which The olaiation At wunimum olsvialion, > Liz ta= 4 >) Neher, = Yepractesd vas | Base ch Prism, > Drei lenk vay oud chenniat eh, Symmetrical “ho Prism,® Disperswe ‘PowER WAN ee Lat uh Cnaleined , a baa cf Argue pains Brarih Prise, > Te Aipht dispersed two Coutiment Glun The Vefrackve. ineten oy The Prison ~ Sin Are. ne 2 | Sin Ay. When a Aegut pares Forovgh Small angled prisno = dwiahon % amino Small, > * 9-8. ne bin 205" sin %, , fev Sorell anpled prism, Sin A Hae 2 Sin Ax Ap ‘ so ne ME ee af a Me he oryne © foc viotse Coleus Sy: MYA =O for Rul Glos — bee Oa aa @ a Sy rd DO Sy f= Ov 4 9B) this @ TH angular refs between extame Coleays, |i spoelvm @ Called Qnpular di gposionAnshan Bidposion Aepands on Wy Angee $ Pet Say ow Nahuye oh Ne matanial df prism, Net Sy oleurati on of Maa wavelength Cystlow) Dy> Nebpacheve thoton cy Masa Won Lis 8y= Oy a oe Dispersive powor = Unftlar Lisporsiny Mean aleitahiag Ps GK IE thas no ity 16 always Festive, | tk ctepands eninahwe af mateal, aed Prctperctant. | CHE F. Prism,© - PRoor for Laws OF REFLECTION USING eR Bycen's PRINCIPLE Jaf AB- Drei dent wavefrouk sinciclaut on Celta get cgt| \ AB — vreblected wavefront to Samo mactim | > wave fronts IT fo aie erctck Cond rofter ted rays lA L Ag 1B- Dreident rays Ail > Bol vvepteeted rays re 0 \ Te = Pag Tee fie The point fy trove cts Aistonce Ba, I pore from # wowed ewe have! Jia. Sane stone alg Av. Draw Bal _L AL» pal- Replected Wave font, Where dy The Aneicteuk YOY reptected yays aud Klemal Aine. aus vo Some Plans yy Inge a Bx cictenee, Lie punt! = qo- Wap = [BAB Mye f vrop lection wee [iets on elle = piel Jo Regt anpled Biory te Papl anel alle . [B= IB = 90" Aale 2 'Abad and tab) pe Gongruem » “Lada! = alate Wes fhe Lass Gh fection are prove, x PF al ab ey NESE. FOR LAWS Op REFRACTION USING HyGeW's a gute ve Vat xyes “afncling efi AB ~ Preicdeak wave fronts LA and HB~ Drticent rays ty tuk ny anal ny ~ Yelrachive tnolen 4 must Banal, fot LAW Tau dant Yay “repacted 7 daio.ey madiui ‘ak dupte oh ehathan¥- fo The Wawa fonts ase Perpandi cuter bo Hecidtaik anal Yebracteol Yas let be dime Laan bay Ta Point % to travel Ie Aence Be ie raver meclum hy The. tio (t) The point B hovel The clitante ae ji, Pemd A woutd Aone trveled The Ais bane derser maclivn, Bal LJAW ~ Speed 4 Lipht ny meedivm@ Ya= Span og gp tn wnatiunD iM 1 te Be vy timo Uitte port A t = Aal Vo Fines taken hy The point B Cece as We par Sie ned ry, Yefracked rag and Normal Lire ue me Same plane, [wat = 90° Lae = Bae wy Maple dy Incense Us aoe _ id's qo Late = [A188 Angle op Machin Le = From Right angled! hiongdey ABBA and a det ! toi © Tee iis oer SPny na'/ap! nae Ve Sinies py eee an Sim OE yo ao De Be nm da. pips reer wekion fonyor, ond whore wave dangth Shock i densor meotium© Dyrrerrerence: WARS The phono nunon 4 Superposition tire Gh vey, Whit produces ICrearo Tr intens} Aeoveose Sa si tenseh Ancor fevonta Sh Legh, y Ab Sema Poin aud at Sona other poms wb Called When wo waue Sinuullonecurly pasnen Treg. Particle @ fa mediums “The Yoouttaut Hiplac mart Teag Porticto tw The Vector actdi'Hon GF Asplacient clus fo individual CWayer, . Me Roy wlbeet Aiplecmane will ba marimum OF mining Aepencing upon The path obfteven te let 8) ancl oy So. tus Sp ampsihicle a and 49. ay ak polut Sp’, Y= 4 Sinwk > Ygfe= Or Srn@t+a) sD) Where w- angular Peni —~ Be dtd Y= a Sinwoty % Sin Cott @) 3) Ye ar Snot s dg CSinwt Gsyp Goat sng) ay Sinatt Oe Sinwl Capt % Bswe Sings 4: SindECNH 2 Cag) + Ag Sing Core -~@ let A Gs6=G92 Gp) A Sind= 42 Sin, [ye te @Os Pe ahars 20/9. 082 > @O= baal (_a2$no 7a, Zao ) The Yeoutlont amptrhedo, b maxinunny When gz 0,420, TAT, > ] Amos = wa | - | The Yesubtowk amp dikeale o mmmun but Pol A> awato @® becemws Ld Nahot UDG &F. —@ 2 0,820, EAR ye & pce Five Called Corn bne whon 42 C11/ 437, : rime The veoulteuk Patewsition ong A En entferen te. je Swan A (Otay x Sit Tet A, ton at, #3 ---- Te resultant Lntens7 tes oe mindrnam, Called clepuctive. tnterfrerante , Doren X (4-2) K L4 LERBB, | of ie Coe! op =e aA, Sy Sa pare Lal ma Cost, ( Baa LAUT > Oy